brain drain jan 11

8/13/2019 Brain Drain Jan 11

1/22

BRAIN DRAIN

Issues

Research

Policies + Interventions

Caglar Ozden

DECRG

January 2007


2/22

Brain Drain Issues

Growth + Development + Investment

Role of Human Capital

Lost Positive Externalities Key Public Services

Medical Services

Education + R&D

Fiscal Impact

Expenditure + Lost tax Revenue


3/22

Brain Drain Issues

Are there no benefits?

Remittances??

Technology transfer Return + Circular Migration

Integration w/ Global Economy

Other Diaspora externalities


4/22

Brain Drain Issues

Million Dollar Question

Do we have the right to limit migration?

Do we have the right to tell people they can not migrate?


5/22

Brain Drain Research

Most Comprehensive Database to Date (2005)

Data from 190+ countries

3 Education levels

Both 1990 & 2000

New Extensions

Place of Education

Gender

1970 + 1980

Specific Professions - Medicine


6/22

Brain Drain

Share of Educated Population Living Abroad

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

North America

Western Europe

Eastern Europe

Middle East/North Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

East Asia

South Asia

South America

Central America

Caribbean


7/22


8/22

Share of Educated Labor Force

Selected Caribbean Countries

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

Barbados Dominica Dominican

Republic

Grenada Jamaica Saint Kitts and

Nevis

Trinidad and

Tobago

Brain Drain


9/22

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Barbados Dominica Dominican

Republic

Grenada Jamaica Saint Kitts and

Nevis

Trinidad and

Tobago

Share of Labor Force Living Abroad,

Selected Caribbean Countries

Total Tertiary educated

Brain Drain


10/22

Share of Educated Labor Force

Selected Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

Gambia Ghana Kenya Madagascar Niger Nigeria Senegal Uganda Zimbabwe

Brain Drain


11/22

Share of Labor Force Living Abroad,Selected Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Gambia Ghana Kenya Madagascar Niger Nigeria Senegal Uganda Zimbabwe

Total Tertiary educated

Brain Drain


12/22

Brain Drain

Migrants from Developing Countries in 2000 (Mil.)

Others Tertiary

0

5

10

15

20

25

Australia+Canada Europe USA

20%

41%

57%


13/22

Migrants to US by Age of Migration, 2000

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Mexico Colombia Haiti El Salvador China Philippines India Poland Egypt Nigeria

0-11 12-17 18-21

Brain Drain


14/22

Migrants to France by Age of Migration, 1990

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Morocco Tunisia Cote d'Ivoire Senegal Niger Turkey Poland Albania

0-11 12-17 18-21

Brain Drain


15/22

Physicians Emigration Rates to OECD Countries

Selected Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Gambia, The Ghana Kenya Madagascar Niger Nigeria Senegal Uganda Zimbabwe

Brain Drain


16/22

Physicians' Emigration Rates to OECD CountriesSelected Caribbean Countries

0%

10%

20%

30%40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Barbados Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Jamaica Saint Kitts and

Nevis

Trinidad and

Tobago

Brain Drain


17/22


18/22

Brain Drain Research

Brain Gain + Brain Waste

Brain Drain + Small States

Brain Drain + Economic Growth Medical Brain Drain + HIV in Africa

GHANA HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM


19/22

Brain Drain Policies +

Interventions

Do we really have a problem?

small + isolated countries

Large developing countries Europe + Japan?

Fiscal Impact

Bhagwati Tax?

Turkish Military Service Exemption (if you pay!) Private Education a la the Philippines?


20/22


Interventions

Educational Reform

Private education

Mandatory service Restrictions on mobility

Services Delivery

Reforming labor markets

Healthcare services in Africa


21/22


Interventions

Destination Country Policies

Should Britain limit recruitment of nurses from Africa?

Mutual Recognition of Diplomas Citizenship Policies

Multilateral Policy Coordination

Trade in Servicewhy cant the patient travel?

Temporary migration policies Linkages with goods trade and FDI


22/22

Brain Drain Issues

Million Dollar Question

Do we have the right to limit migration?

Do we have the right to tell people they can not migrate?

brain drain jan 11

Documents