brahmos - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos

BrahMos

BrahMos and the launch canister on display at theInternat ional Maritime Defence Show, IMDS-2007, St.

Petersburg, Russia

Type Supersonic Cruise missile

Place of origin India

Russia

Service history

In service November 2006present

Used by Indian Army

Indian Navy

Indian Airforce (awaiting)

Production history

Manufacturer DRDO

NPO Mashinostroeyenia

Unit cost US$ 2.73 million

Specifications

Weight 3,000 kg

2,500 kg (air-launched)

Length 8.4 m

Diameter 0.6 m

Warhead 300 kg Conventional semi-

armour-piercing and nuclear[1]

Engine Two-stage integrated

BrahMosFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Brahmos)

BrahMos (Hindi:, Russian: ) is a supersoniccruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships,

aircraft or land. It is a joint venture between Republic of

India's Defence Research and Development Organisation(DRDO) and Russian Federation's NPO Mashinostroeyenia

who have together formed BrahMos Aerospace Private

Limited. The name BrahMos is a portmanteau formed from

the names of two rivers, the Brahmaputra of India and the

Moskva of Russia.

It is the world's fastest cruise missile in

operation.[citation needed][3] The missile travels at speeds of

Mach 2.8 to 3.0.[4] The land-launched and ship-launched

versions are already in service with air-launched andsubmarine-launched versions currently under testing

phase.[5] An air-launched variant of BrahMos is planned

which is expected to come out in 2012 and will make India

the only country with supersonic cruise missiles in their army,

navy, and air force.[6] A hypersonic version of the missile is

also presently under development with speed of Mach 7 to

boost aerial fast strike capability.[7][8] . It is expected to be

ready for testing by 2017.[9]

Though India had wanted the BrahMos to be based on a

mid range cruise missile like P-700 Granit, Russia opted for

the shorter range sister of the missile, P-800 Oniks, in order

to comply with Missile Technology Control Regime

restrictions, to which Russia is asignatory. Its propulsion is

based on the Russian missile, and guidance has been

developed by BrahMos Corp. The missile is expected to

reach a total order worth of US$13 billion[10][11]

Contents

1 Development

1.1 Origins

1.2 Description

2 Testing

3 Variants

4 Operators
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos 2

Rocket/Ramjet

Operationalrange

300~500 km[1]

Flight altitude Sea-skimming as low as 3-4

meters[2]

Speed Mach 2.8 - 3.0

Launch

platform

Ship, submarine, aircraft and land

based mobile launchers.

4.1 India

4.1.1 Indian Navy

4.1.2 Indian Army

4.1.3 Indian Air Force

4.2 Russia

4.3 Export

5 Future variants

5.1 BrahMos-25.2 UCAV variant

6 See also

7 References

8 External links

9 Video

evelopment

Origins

The BrahMos has been developed as a joint venture between the Defence Research and Development

Organization (DRDO) of India and the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Mashinostroyenia (NPOM) of

Russia under BrahMos Aerospace. The missile is named after two rivers, the Brahmaputra and the Moskva

Since late 2004, the missile has undergone several tests from variety of platforms including a land based test from

the Pokhran range in the desert, in which the 'S' manueuver at Mach 2.8 was demonstrated for the Indian Army

and a launch in which the land attack capability from sea was demonstrated.[12]

Keltec (now known as BrahMos Aerospace Trivandrum Ltd or BATL), an Indian state owned firm was acquired

by BrahMos Corporation in 2008.[13] Approximately 1,500 crore (US$273 million) will be invested in the facilit

to make BrahMos components and integrate the missile systems. This was necessitated by the increased order

book of the missile system, with orders having been placed by both the Indian Army and Navy.[14][15][16] Tested

at: Pokhran

Description

BrahMos claims to have the capability of attacking surface targets by flying as low as 10 metres in altitude. [17] It

can gain a speed of Mach 2.8, and has a maximum range of 290 km.[1] The ship-launched and land-based missilecan carry a 200 kg warhead, whereas the aircraft-launched variant (BrahMos A) can carry a 300 kg warhead. It

has a two-stage propulsion system, with a solid-propellant rocket for initial acceleration and a liquid-fuelled ramjet

responsible for sustained supersonic cruise. Air-breathing ramjet propulsion is much more fuel-efficient than rocke

propulsion, giving the BrahMos a longer range than a pure rocket-powered missile would achieve.

The high speed of the BrahMos likely gives it better target-penetration characteristics than lighter subsonic cruise-

missiles such as the Tomahawk.[18] Being twice as heavy and almost four times faster than the Tomahawk, the

BrahMos has more than 20 times the on-cruise kinetic energy of a Tomahawk missile (although it pays for this by

having only 3/5 the payload and a fraction of the range despite weighing twice as much, suggesting a different
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BrahMos is the world's fastest cruise

missile.

tactical paradigm to achieve the objective). Its 2.8 mach speed means that it cannot be intercepted by some existin

missile defence system and its precision makes it lethal to water targets.[citation needed]

Although BrahMos was primarily an anti-ship missile, the BrahMos Block III can also engage land based targets.

can be launched either in a vertical or inclined position and is capable of covering targets over a 360 degree

horizon. The BrahMos missile has an identical configuration for land, sea, and sub-sea platforms.[citation needed]

The air-launched version has a smaller booster and additional tail fins for added stability during launch. The

BrahMos is currently being configured for aerial deployment with the Su-30MKI as its carrier. [17] On 5 Septembe

2010 BrahMos created a record for the first supersonic steep dive.[citation needed]

Testing

BrahMos was first test-fired on 12 June 2001 from the Integrated

Test Range (ITR), Chandipur in a vertical launch configuration. On

14 June 2004 another test was conducted at ITR and BrahMos was

fired from a mobile launcher.[19] During a user trial on 20 January

2009 BrahMos was tested with a new navigation system but it failed

to hit the target. BrahMos Aerospace Corporation's director DrSivathanu Pillai said. "The missile performance was absolutely

normal until the last phase, but the missile missed the target, though it

maintained the direction." and that "The problem was in the

software, not hardware".[20][21] The Defense Research and

Development Organization (DRDO) said that there were "small

hitches" in the last stage of the test firing. DRDO officials further said: "The American satellites that run the GPS ha

been switched off on the day Barack Obama was sworn in as United States President. The missile, therefore,

traveled for 112 seconds instead of the slated 84 seconds and fell 7 km away from the target". [22]

BrahMos was test-fired again on 4 March 2009 and on 29 March 2009. For the test the missile had to identify abuilding among a cluster of buildings in an urban environment. BrahMos successfully hit the intended target in two

and a half minutes of launch, marking the completion of the development phase of BrahMos Block-

II.[citation needed] On 21 March 2010 BrahMos was test-fired and "hit a free-floating ship piercing it above the

waterline and destroying it completely". The test proved the missile's ability to manoeuvre at supersonic speed

before hitting a target, making India the first and only country to have a manoeuvrable supersonic cruise missile.[23

On 5 September 2010 BrahMos was test-fired again. A scientist, who witnessed the test, said "The missile flew in

the designated complex trajectory including large manoeuvres and steep dive. This is the first time that a supersoni

dive has been realized by a cruise missile".[24]

BrahMos Block III+ was test-fired from a Mobile Autonomous Launcher on 2 December 2010 with a new

advanced guidance scheme incorporating large-scale manoeuvres at multiple points and a steep dive from high

altitude with precision strike. BrahMos completed all manoeuvres, hitting the target precisely.[25] On 12 August

2011 it was test-fired by ground forces and met all mission parameters. [26] The BrahMos cruise missile was

successfully test-fired by an Indian Army unit on Sunday, 4 March 2012 at the Pokharan range in Jaisalmer to

operationalise the second regiment of the weapon system in the Indian Army. [27] The test was attended by senior

Army officials including Vice Chief Lt Gen Shri Krishna Singh and Director General Military Operations (DGMO)

Lt Gen A K Chaudhary. With this test, the second BrahMos unit of the Indian Army is now operational.[28]
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Another development test was conducted on 29 July 2012 from the ITR. This was the 32nd test of the missile. Th

test was deemed successful from an experimental point of view, but did not meet all mission parameters. This test

was done to evaluate more than 25 sub-systems of the missile which were produced by the Indian industry, like th

power systems, materials for air frame components, guidance scheme and various electric systems. The test data

will be analysed and used for large-scale indigenous production of the missile.[29][30][31] The test results revealed

that except for one subsystem, all other subsystems and components have performed to the requirement. The

malfunction of one subsystem resulted in increase in velocity of the missile, crossing the limit and the mission was

aborted. The defect was rectified after the analysis. Further development flight tests will be conducted as a measur

of self-reliance.[32]

The Indian Navy on 7 October 2012 morning successfully test-fired BrahMos from a guided missile frigate INS

Teg.[33] This new highly manoeuvrable version[34] is fitted with advanced satellite navigation systems turning it into

"super-rocket" capable of hitting targets over 300500 km from sea, land and air launchers, and capable of

carrying a nuclear warhead.[35]

Variants

BrahMos-1

Ship-launched, Anti-Ship variant (operational)

Ship-launched, Land attack variant (operational)

Land-launched, Land attack variant (operational)

Land-launched, Anti-Ship variant (In induction, tested 10 December 2010)

Air-launched, Anti-Ship variant (under development, expected completion 2012)

Air-launched, Land attack variant (under development, expected completion 2012)[6][36]

Submarine-launched, Anti-Ship variant (under development, expected completion 2011)

Submarine-launched, Land attack variant (under development, expected completion 2011)

[37]

The chiefexecutive officer and managing director of Aerospace, said on 10 August 2012, that BrahMos family will

soon have a submarine version.[38]

BrahMos block II land variant (Operational)[28]

BrahMos block III land variant (Being inducted)[39]

Anti-aircraft carrier variant (Tested in March 2012)[40]

Other models

BrahMos-2 scramjet-propelled, hypersonic version. This version will fly at speeds from 57 Mach (3750

5250 miles/hour) and would be ready for test flight in 2017.[41][42]BrahMos-3 a lighter version of the BrahMos-1 with thinner diameter for medium weight fighters such as

the MiG-29K and the MMRCA.[42]

Operators

India and Russia intend to make 2,000 BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles over the next ten years through their

oint venture company, and nearly 50% of them are expected to be exported to friendly countries. [17][43]
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Model of a frigate with vertical-

launched BrahMos.

Russia is participating in the P75A

submarine deal with the Amur class

submarine armed with BrahMos.

India

Indian Navy

The missile is in service with the Indian Navy. Talwar class frigate and

Shivalik class frigate are frigates of the Indian Navy that can fire the

BrahMos. INS Tabar and INS Trishul are Talwar class vessels armed

with supersonic BrahMos while INS Shivalik was the first vessel of theShivalik class to incorporate the BrahMos. Other vessels of the Shivalik

Class and Talwar Class are to be armed with BrahMos missiles by 2009

and 2010 respectively.[citation needed] In 2007, the navy promised to

arm the Godavari class frigates and Brahmaputra class frigates with the

BrahMos too.[44] Rajput class destroyers are Destroyers of the Indian

Navy that can fire the BrahMos. The INS Rajput, INS Ranvir (D54)[45]

and INS Ranvijay (D55) which are modified versions of Soviet Kashin

class destroyers have been fitted with BrahMos Supersonic Cruise

Missile systems.[46] The new class of destroyers namely Kolkata Class

are also to be fitted with the BrahMos and there are plans to arm the rest

of the vessels of the Rajput Class with BrahMos too.[citation needed] On

the other hand the Delhi class destroyers are to be modified to

incorporate the BrahMos. The first of the Kolkata Class should roll out in

2012 while the Delhi Class and Rajput will be armed with the BrahMos

by 2009[44]

The submarine-launched version of the missile is ready for testing. The

missile will be either tested on a Kilo class submarine of the Indian Navy

or will be tested in Russia.[47] The land attack version of the missile was

fired from Destroyer INS Rajput and the missile hit and destroyed the right target among a group of targets. [48] Th

vertical launch of BrahMos was conducted on 18 December 2008 from INS Ranvir (D54).[49][50]

In addition, India's 5 Il-38 and 8 Tupolev Tu-142 maritime patrol bombers are also to be armed with the missile,

with an estimated capacity of 6 BrahMos per aircraft.[51] There are reports of efforts towards adding the capabilit

to fire the Indo-Russian BrahMos cruise missile from these aircraft. Mockups have been displayed with air-

launched BrahMos attached to underwing pylons on the Indian Navy aircraft.

Indian Army

BrahMos I Block-I

The missile was successfully tested with new capabilities for the Indian Army in the deserts of Rajasthan, test range

near Pokharan (December 2004 & March 2007). It was inducted into the army on 21 June 2007. [52][53]

BrahMos I Block-II

On 20 January 2009, a test of a new BrahMos block II cruise Missile at Pokhran in Rajasthan was conducted wit

new software. The missile failed to hit the right target among a group of targets. The objective was to hit a small
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A model of land based launcher for

the Indian Army.

building hidden amongst a group of buildings. According to BrahMos

corporation, another test of the new missile was to be conducted within

one month,[54] but was eventually conducted on 4 March 2009 and was

deemed successful.[55]

The latest test conducted on 29 March 2009, was successful. The missile

took two and a half minutes to hit the target with precision.[56] According

to official sources, "The new seeker is unique and would help us to hit

our targets, which are insignificant in terms of size, in a cluster of large

buildings. India is now the only nation in the world with this advanced

technology"[57] After the third test, Lt Gen Noble Thamburaj, said that the Indian Army wanted the BrahMos to

achieve high standards of accuracy and congratulated the scientists on behalf of the Indian Army.[58] The Indian

Army confirmed that the test was extremely successful and the army is absolutely satisfied with the missile. The

development phase of the Block II version of the missile is over and it is ready for induction.[59]

On 5 September 2010, Defence scientists test-fired BrahMos off the Orissa coast and created a world record. It

was for the first time that a cruise missile was tested at supersonic speeds in a steep-dive mode. The missile was

test-fired from the integrated test range launching complex-3 (LC-3) at Chandipur around 11.35 am. With thislaunch, The army's requirement for land attacks with block-II advanced seeker software with target discriminating

capabilities has been fully met. BrahMos is the only supersonic cruise missile possessing advanced capability of

selection of a particular land target amongst a group of targets, providing an edge to the user with precise hit. The

missile can travel at three times the speed of sound and carry a conventional warhead weighing 200300 kg. [60]

The army has raised one regiment (numbered 861) of the BrahMos Mark I. Now two separate missile regiments o

the BrahMos Mark II, which has a seeker that can discriminate and zero in on a small target in an urban clutter, wi

be raised and are likely to be numbered 862 and 863. Each of the two new BrahMos cruise missile regiments

would have between four and six batteries of three to four Mobile Autonomous Launchers (72 missiles per

regiment) that can be connected to a general mobile command post.[61]

BrahMos I Block-III

An upgraded version of 290- km range BrahMos supersonic cruise missile was successfully test-fired by India on

December 2010 from Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur off the Orissa coast.

"Block III version of BrahMos with advanced guidance and upgraded software, incorporating high manoeuvres at

multiple points and steep dive from high altitude was flight tested successfully from Launch Complex III of ITR," its

Director S P Dash said after the test-fire from a mobile launcher at 1100 hours. The 8.4 meter missile which can fl

at 2.8 times the speed of sound is capable of carrying conventional warheads of up to 300 kg for a range of290 km. The "steep dive capability" of BrahMos Block III enables it to hit targets hidden behind a mountain range

It will be deployed in Arunachal Pradesh[62]

It can effectively engage ground targets from an altitude as low as 10 meters for surgical strikes at terror training

camps across the border without causing collateral damage. BrahMos is capable of being launched from multiple

platforms like submarine, ship, aircraft and land based Mobile Autonomous Launchers (MAL). The Block III

BrahMos has the capability scaling Mountain Terrains & hence can play a vital role in precision strike in the

northern territories. The advanced cruise missile can fly close to the rough geographies and kill the target. [63]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-toi_blockIII-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-58http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BrahMos_missile_autonomous_launcher_maquette_MAKS2009.jpg


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The air-launched version of BrahMos

BrahMos Anti-aircraft Carrier Variant

BrahMos, the India-Russia joint-venture, has developed an anti-aircraft carrier variant of the supersonic cruise

missile and successfully tested it recently.

Sharing the information, BrahMos Chief A. Sivathanu Pillai said here that with this the organisation achieved the

capability to attack aircraft carriers using the supersonic vertical dive variant of the missile that could travel up to

290 km.[40]

Operational BrahMos regiments

861 Regiment (BrahMos Block I, Deployed in North Rajasthan Area)[64]

862 Regiment (BrahMos Block II, Deployed in South Rajasthan Area)[64]

863 Regiment (BrahMos Block II, Under induction for Punjab Area)[citation needed]

864 Regiment (BrahMos Block III, Ordered for Arunachal Area)[64]

Indian Air Force

The air-launched version for the Indian Air Force is ready for testing.[65]

An expert committee from the DRDO and the Indian Air Force (IAF)

has ruled out any structural modification to the advanced Su-30MKI if it

is to be fitted with the supersonic BrahMos.[66] 10 January 2009 it was

reported that two Indian Air Force (IAF) Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jets

have been sent to Russia for a retrofit program that would enable them to

launch the aerial version of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile.[67]

On 22 October 2008 A. Sivathanu Pillai, Chief Controller, R&D, DRDO and CEO and managing director of

BrahMos Aerospace, announced that the Indian Air Force would get its own version of BrahMos by 2012. Trials

and tests will be carried out by 2011 and it is expected to be inducted into the IAF by 2012[68]

On 8 August 2009 Alexander Leonov, Director of the Russian Machine Building Research and Production Center

said "we are ready for test launches." He also said the final development and testing of the air-launched version of

the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile will take place soon. A new takeoff engine for launching of the missile in air

and at extreme high altitudes had been developed. He said the initial test firing of the missile would be undertaken

from the Sukhoi-30 MKI, but did not specify the dates. After testing, the IAF would be the launch customers for

the air-launched BrahMos cruise missile.

On 26 February 2012 A. Sivathanu Pillai said that the air-launched version of BrahMos is being developed and wibe tested by the end of 2012. This version of the BrahMos missile will use air breathing scramjet propulsion

technology and would be more fuel efficient than a traditional rocket-powered missile.[69][70]

The purchase of over 200 air-launched BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles for the IAF was cleared by Cabinet

Committee on Security (CCS) on 19 Oct 2012. This proposal is worth over Rs 6,000 crore and involves

sanctioning of funds for the integration and testing of the BrahMos on Su-30MKI of the IAF. As per plans, the firs

test of the air-launched version of the missile is to be conducted by December-end. Two Su-30MKI of the IAF

would be modified by the HAL at its Nashik facility where they will also be integrated with the missile's aerial

launcher.[71]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-71http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-70http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-69http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Sivathanu_Pillaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-68http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Sivathanu_Pillaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-66http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-65http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-idefence-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-idefence-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-idefence-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-thehindu-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93Russia_relationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BrahMos_MAKS2009.jpg


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Russia

According to unspecified sources the BrahMos could be fitted to the updated Gorshkov class of frigates which wil

be entering the Russian Navy soon.[72] The defence ministry reported that due to the size and hull specifications of

the BrahMos, few if any of its new ships will be able to accommodate it.[73]

Export

Several countries including Vietnam,[74] South Africa, Egypt, Oman, Brunei have expressed interest in the missile.

In February 2010, it was reported that India was in "serious negotiations" with Chile, Brazil, South Africa and

Indonesia regarding the purchase of the missile.[75] Malaysia is also reported to be considering the purchase of the

missile for use on its Kedah class warships[76] and fighter jets.[77] Informal negotiations are ongoing between India

and Vietnam for the sale of BrahMos missiles.[78]

Future variants

BrahMos-2

BrahMos-2 is a stealth hypersonic cruise missile currently under development[7][79] and is estimated to have a rang

of 290 km.[80] The range of BrahMos-2 has been regulated to 290 km as Russia is a signatory of the Missile

Technology Control Regime (MTCR) which does not allow it to help other countries to develop missiles with

ranges above 300 kilometres.[80] With a speed of Mach 7 it will have a speed double the speed of the current

BrahMos-1, and it has accordingly been branded as the fastest hypersonic missile in the world[81][82]

BrahMos II land variant design has been completed and 4 surface to surface variants are ready to be tested. Rest

of the variants will be tested in the successive years of 201213, design is projected to be completed by October

2011[83] and will arm the Project 15B destroyers of the Indian Navy. Fourth-generation multi-purpose Russian

Naval destroyers (Project 21956) are likely to be equipped with BrahMos II.[84]

UCAV variant

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, an aerospace engineer and former President of India, asked the BrahMos Aerospace to

develop an advanced version of the BrahMos cruise missile to maintain India's lead in the field. He stated:[85]

You should develop a hypersonic version of BrahMos which can be reused [...] meaning that the

missile should be able to deliver its payload and return to base. This will help in maintaining ourleadership in this arena.

This would turn BrahMos into an UCAV.[86][87]

See also

CVS401 Perseus A stealth supersonic cruise missile under development by MBDA with the UK and

France.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBDAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CVS401_Perseushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-si4a-87http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-sp4a-86http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCAVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-The_Hindu-85http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-84http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_21956http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata_class_destroyerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-83http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-Brahmos2_ria-82http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-brahmos2_eco-81http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-brahmos2_official-80http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-brahmos2_official-80http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-79http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-indiatimes1-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_missile#Hypersonichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-78http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-malaysia_buys-77http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-upi_brahmos_export-76http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedah_class_offshore_patrol_vesselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-dn_brahmos_export-75http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-viet_brahmos_export-74http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-73http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_note-72http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiral_Sergei_Gorshkov_class_frigate


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34. ^ Navy successfully test-fires Brahmos missile off Goa (http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-

economy/article3974479.ece)

35. ^ India Modifies Brahmos Missile With New Nav System

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n = ca = . ar are.ru. p: war are. e n = ca = . e r eve - - .

73. ^ "New Russian frigate may be fitted with BrahMos cruise missiles"

(http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080620/111481295.html) . En.rian.ru. 20 June 2008.

http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080620/111481295.html. Retrieved 2010-08-31.

74. ^ "India to sell BrahMos missile to Vietnam" (http://www.asianage.com/india/india-sell-brahmos-missile-vietnam-

157) . Asian Age. http://www.asianage.com/india/india-sell-brahmos-missile-vietnam-157. Retrieved 2011-10-24.

75. ^ "BrahMos To Export Cruise Missile Systems: CEO" (http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4500659) .

DefenseNews. http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4500659. Retrieved 2011-08-22.

76. ^ "India arms jets with BrahMos missiles" (http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-

Industry/2010/04/27/India-arms-jets-with-BrahMos-missiles/UPI-87681272375563/) . United Press International.http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2010/04/27/India-arms-jets-with-BrahMos-missiles/UPI-

87681272375563/. Retrieved 2011-08-22.

77. ^ "Malaysia plans to buy 18 Russian fighter jets" (http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20111115/168701803.html) . RIA

NOVOSTI NEWS. 15 November 2011. http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20111115/168701803.html. Retrieved 28

February 2012.

78. ^ India to sell BrahMos missile to Vietnam (http://www.asianage.com/india/india-sell-brahmos-missile-vietnam-

157)

79. ^ "India, Russia work on hypersonic stealth cruise missile" (http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?

articleId=735910&publicationSubCategoryId=200) . philSTAR.com. 9 October 2011.

http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=735910&publicationSubCategoryId=200. Retrieved 10 October

2011.

80. ^ ab "India, Russia to develop new hypersonic cruise missile :: BrahMos.com"

(http://www.brahmos.com/newscenter.php?newsid=102) . brahmos.com Official Website of Brahmos.

http://www.brahmos.com/newscenter.php?newsid=102. Retrieved 23 February 2012.

81. ^ "BrahMos 2 Hypersonic Missile to be ready in five years" (http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-0

10/news/30611918_1_brahmos-aerospace-air-version-brahmos-missile) . The Economic Times. 10 January 2012.

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-10/news/30611918_1_brahmos-aerospace-air-version-

brahmos-missile. Retrieved 23 February 2012.

82. ^ "Russian-Indian JV to develop Brahmos-2 hypersonic missile"

(http://en.rian.ru/russia/20110612/164581169.html) .RIA NOVOSTI. 12/06/2011.

http://en.rian.ru/russia/20110612/164581169.html. Retrieved 23 February 2012.

83. ^ "BrahMos to develop first hypersonic cruise missile in 5 years" (http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/9474

0/) . English.pravda.ru. http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/94740-0/. Retrieved 2010-08-31.

84. ^ Sandeep Unnithan (18 March 2009). "Govt okays construction of 4 more stealth destroyers"

(http://indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?issueid=97&id=32769&option=com_content&task=view&sectionid=4) .

Indiatoday.intoday.in. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?

issueid=97&id=32769&option=com_content&task=view&sectionid=4. Retrieved 2012-02-23.

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(http://www.hindu.com/2011/06/13/stories/2011061355831200.htm) . The Hindu. June 2011.

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86. ^ "Work on BrahMos hypersonic version to begin this year: Russian official" (http://www.stratpost.com/work-o

brahmos-hypersonic-version-to-begin-this-year-russian-official) . StratPost. http://www.stratpost.com/work-on-

brahmos-hypersonic-version-to-begin-this-year-russian-official. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

87. ^ "Kalam for a hypersonic version of BrahMos missile"

(http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Kalam_for_a_hypersonic_version_of_BrahMos_missile_-nid-84604-cid-

1.html) . Silicon India.

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1.html. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

External links
http://warfare.be/?linkid=2544&catid=270http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Kalam_for_a_hypersonic_version_of_BrahMos_missile_-nid-84604-cid-1.htmlhttp://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Kalam_for_a_hypersonic_version_of_BrahMos_missile_-nid-84604-cid-1.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-si4a_87-0http://www.stratpost.com/work-on-brahmos-hypersonic-version-to-begin-this-year-russian-officialhttp://www.stratpost.com/work-on-brahmos-hypersonic-version-to-begin-this-year-russian-officialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-sp4a_86-0http://www.hindu.com/2011/06/13/stories/2011061355831200.htmhttp://www.hindu.com/2011/06/13/stories/2011061355831200.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-The_Hindu_85-0http://indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?issueid=97&id=32769&option=com_content&task=view&sectionid=4http://indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?issueid=97&id=32769&option=com_content&task=view&sectionid=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-84http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/94740-0/http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/94740-0/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-83http://en.rian.ru/russia/20110612/164581169.htmlhttp://en.rian.ru/russia/20110612/164581169.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-Brahmos2_ria_82-0http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-10/news/30611918_1_brahmos-aerospace-air-version-brahmos-missilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economic_Timeshttp://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-10/news/30611918_1_brahmos-aerospace-air-version-brahmos-missilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-brahmos2_eco_81-0http://www.brahmos.com/newscenter.php?newsid=102http://www.brahmos.com/newscenter.php?newsid=102http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-brahmos2_official_80-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-brahmos2_official_80-0http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=735910&publicationSubCategoryId=200http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=735910&publicationSubCategoryId=200http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-79http://www.asianage.com/india/india-sell-brahmos-missile-vietnam-157http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-78http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20111115/168701803.htmlhttp://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20111115/168701803.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-malaysia_buys_77-0http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2010/04/27/India-arms-jets-with-BrahMos-missiles/UPI-87681272375563/http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2010/04/27/India-arms-jets-with-BrahMos-missiles/UPI-87681272375563/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-upi_brahmos_export_76-0http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4500659http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4500659http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-dn_brahmos_export_75-0http://www.asianage.com/india/india-sell-brahmos-missile-vietnam-157http://www.asianage.com/india/india-sell-brahmos-missile-vietnam-157http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-viet_brahmos_export_74-0http://en.rian.ru/russia/20080620/111481295.htmlhttp://en.rian.ru/russia/20080620/111481295.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmos#cite_ref-73http://warfare.be/?linkid=2544&catid=270http://warfare.be/?linkid=2544&catid=270


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BrahMos Missile official website (http://www.brahmos.com/home.html)

The Brahmastra (http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekContent.do?

sectionName=Current+Events&contentId=2350668&programId=1073754900&pageTypeId=10737548

3&contentType=EDITORIAL&BV_ID=@@@)

The IT in Indias cruise missile (http://www.expresscomputeronline.com/20050228/market03.shtml)

BrahMos production status (http://www.india-defence.com/reports/375#274)

Features and advantages of the BrahMos supersonic missile. INFOgraphics

(http://www.en.rian.ru/infographics/20071011/83467144.html)Indian Army To Get World's First Supersonic Cruise Missiles

(http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Indian_Army_To_Get_Worlds_First_Supersonic_Cruise_Missiles_999

html) (SpaceDaily:SpaceWar) 26 Jul 2006

Effect of BrahMos hit on a Petya class frigate (http://img45.imagevenue.com/img.php?

loc=loc63&image=18489_SER.jpg)

Supersonic cruise missile BrahMos inducted into Indian defense forces (http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?

relid=22536) Govt. of India press release 29 Nov 2006

VideoComplete Video of BrahMos Missile Testing and Targeting (http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=zl48bwYBDfA)

BrahMos video (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0np6B33YM30)

BrahMos - Headlines Today (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1qqYGjFnQo)

Precision Target hit (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1qqYGjFnQo)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BrahMos&oldid=536504795"

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