bp powerpoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · joma –some utilize adapter plates bolted ......
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WEAR TECHNOLOGY
![Page 2: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Public Roads Deicing WorkshopContents:
About Küper (pronounced “Coop-er”)
– our company history & profile
– evolution of cutting edges (European)
– typical North American cutting edge styles and examples
– what are flexible blades - pro’s / con’s of each
– features of a good plow blade
– surface types, obstacles, what to expect
– goals, systems working together within means of operations,
budget, etc.
– examples
![Page 3: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Our company profile Who are we?
– Küper, a family business
– founded in 1957,
more than 50 years of experience in plow
blades
– 80 employees for a perfect mix of innovative
ideas and reliable production
– 2 locations in Bochum, Germany
– New factory opened September, 2012
– partners worldwide
– “wear experts“
– Küper “Kueper” North America founded 2010,
Imported since 2005
– Central U.S. Warehouse: Morley Missouri
– Sales in 45 States, 8 Provinces, 65+ Airports
– Direct Sales / Dealer Network
![Page 4: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Flexible and wear resistant productsmade of rubber, polyurethane and compounds
– wear resistant
– anti plugging
– flexible
– different hardnesses
and qualities
– for screening abrasive
and plugging materials
like sand, gravel,
minerals, etc.
Platzhalter Bild Platzhalter Bild
PU-screen panels
– wear resistant
– anti plugging
– flexible
– different hardnesses
and qualities
– for screening abrasive
and plugging materials
like stone, minerals,
ores etc.
Rubber panels
– wear resistant
– for better cleaning
– for road surface
protection
Snowplow blades
– wear resistant wear
parts for different
industries
– made of rubber, PU,
hard metal and
ceramics
Wear parts
![Page 5: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Kueper: Evolution of Flexible Blades: 1967
+ Squeegee
+ reduction of road damage
+ reduction of vibration
- stability of the rubber
- jumping of plow
- no aggressive plowing
Rubber blade
![Page 6: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
1971
+ reduction of jumping
+ no bending of blade
+ low wear
+ reduction of road damage
+ reduction of vibration
- jumping of plow
- no aggressive plowing
Gigant blade
![Page 7: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
1979
+ good sliding properties
+ reduction of jumping
+ reduction of fuel consumption
+ low wear
+ reduction of road damage
+ reduction of vibration
Combination blade with
corundum inlays
![Page 8: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
1985
+ better sliding properties
+ longer wear life
+ reduction of fuel consumption
+ noise reduction
+ new design
− no step from blade to plow
− weight reduction
− better for mounting
− waste reduction
+ reduction of road damage
+ reduction of vibrationKombi “S“
![Page 9: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
2004 - Present: Flexible Blade ExampleTUCA SX Wave Flexible Carbide
TUCA “SX“
Features
combination blade made of high quality steel, rubber and
tungsten-carbide inserts with:
– extreme wear-life
– great sliding properties
– minimized fuel consumption
– shock resistant
Application
– for all types of winter precipitation:
− snow
− slush
− packed snow and ice
– for all road surfaces:
− verglimit, open graded friction course, rubber asphalt,
concrete
– for all snowplows:
− one-way, high discharge, reversible
Recommended for
– country roads, highways
– motorways, freeways
– difficult road surfaces
![Page 10: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
The clean and quiet blade….
GK 5 Hybrid Rubber: Rubber & Ceramic Inserts
Product features
wear resistant rubber / ceramic blade offering
– quietness and stability
– good sliding properties – ceramics = reduced friction
– ability to adapt and conform to road surface
– long wear-life – ceramics = 8-10X over rubber
– made in 3’, 4’ and 5’ sections
– no faceplating required
– no adjustment necessary
Application
– in wet snow
– obstacles in roadway – manhole rings, expansion
joints, rail track
– raised pavement markers – will not damage
– brick pavers / specialty surface coatings
– for all snowplows
Recommended for
– urban areas
– obstacles
– Run at 90 degrees to the road
![Page 11: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
North America Typical Blade Types: Two Groups
– “Metal Edge”
− Steel / Hardened Steel
− “Single Edge” Carbide / Steel Cover or Backer
− Flexible Carbide Systems
− Other
– “Rubber Systems”
− Rubber
− Polyurethane
− Hybrid Rubber
11
![Page 12: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What do you use?
–Steel?
–Rubber with steel cover blade
–Carbide with steel cover blade
–WHY?
12
![Page 13: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What are Flexible Flow Blades?
– Wear material typically embedded
in rubber (carbide, ceramics, etc.)
– Rubber reduces shoc, vibration and
noise extending the wear life of the
carbide
– Systems such as Kueper, Polarflex,
Joma
– Some utilize adapter plates bolted
to the plow moldboard, small
sectional pieces and cover
strapping to hold everything in place
– Remember: there is NO magic
plow blade that does it all and
magically scoops snow from
deep ruts and potholes!
13
![Page 14: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Blade Types: A “Give and Take”
– Pro’s:
– Steel: Cuts well, not as brittle as plain
carbide, inexpensive
– Carbide: Cuts well, last longer than steel
– Flexible Carbide: Cuts well, Cleans well
(conforms to the road better), lasts
longer than regular carbide
– Rubber: Cleans slush and wet snow
very well, confirms to the road, better for
obstacles in the road
– Polyurethane: Cleans slush and wet
snow, cuts better than rubber, conforms
to the road, ok on obstacles, last longer
than rubber
– Hybrid Rubber: Cleans all types of snow
except hard pack, conforms to the road,
fine for obstacles, lasts longer, no
maintenance
– Con’s
– Steel: Can break, wears very quickly
– Carbide: Does not conform well, must
use cover blade, many imitations
– Flexible Carbide: Can become damaged
if misused, Cannot use in gravel and
dirt, expensive
– Rubber: Wears quickly, chatters, jumps /
hops the plow, requires a lot of
adjustment, maintenance
– Polyurethane: Wears quickly (though
better then rubber), requires
maintenance and adjusting / flipping
– Hybrid Rubber: More expensive
14
![Page 15: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Features of a good snowplow blade
long wear-life = lower total cost over time
good cleaning = less salt required
no damage to road markings
no damage to raised pavement markings or other
structures (i.e. manhole covers, bridge joints etc.)
low friction = lower fuel cost
noise / vibration reduction = less operator / equipment fatigue
shock resistance, no damage to blade
no damage to plow assembly or vehicle. (i.e. alignment and
other wearable parts)
shock absorption = less wear on carbide / other wear parts
easy changing = safety
Recyclability
few, if any, moving parts, adapter plates, etc.
wear indicators = quick operator reference on blade life
long life reduces maintenance cost
![Page 16: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Blade Testing: Solving Problems / Performance Metrics for Consideration
– Identify problems / issues: surface types,
obstructions, operators (lol!!)
– Match blade types to solve priority issues and
operational capabilities
– “Apples to Apples”
– Route, Operator, Road Surface Materials, Road
Condition, Plow Weight, Treatment Options,
Deice / Anti-ice
– Wear Life vs standard product (plow down
mileage, hours)
– Performance / Cleaning
– Involve the stakeholders: operators, maintainers,
financial folks
– Problem Solving
16
![Page 17: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Considerations / Issues #1: Surface Types
– Asphalt
− Dense Grade
− Open Grade
− Stone Matrix
– Concrete
– Repair and Patch
− Seal Coats
− Micro Surfacing
− Crack Seals
− Mill & Recycle
17
![Page 18: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Considerations / Issues #2: Road Obstructions
Examples:
–Man Hole Rings
–Catch Basins
–Expansion Joints
–Pavement Markers
–Striping / Paint Markings
–Rail Track
–Cobblestone
–Decorative Pavers /
crossings
–Curb
–Jersey Barrier
–Gravel Shoulder
Results:
−Broken Blades
−Broken Plow
−Broken Frame
−Broken Drivers
−Damaged roads
−Reapplying Markings
−Stained (Rust) streaks on
stone or brick
18
![Page 19: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Blades, Plows, Material Application:Working Together
– Goals:
− De-ice? (burn and scrape)
− Anti-Ice? (prevent and clean)
– Material on hand
− Sand?
− Salt?
− Liquid?
– Doing the most with what you have in
conjunction with conditions and
surfaces:
− Dry material only > de-ice scenario
> scraping> steel / carbide blades
− Obstacles > pre-treat (slurry) > anti-
ice > rubberized
− Higher Speeds > good surface >
liquid & material > anti-ice > flexible
carbide
– Other Considerations:
− Fleet condition and capabilities
− Plow condition, maintenance
(worn springs, bent moldboards)
− Other technologies used /
monitored: weather data,
pavement data, etc.
− Post – storm team performance
evaluations
− Budget – short or long sighted
− Procurement personnel
19
![Page 20: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Identify other wear parts required: Curb guards/ plates / shoes / skids
KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED
ON BOTH REVERSIBLE AND ONE-WAY
PLOWS, CAN BE PLACED ALONG
MOLDBOARD FOR PRETECTION AND
ENHANCED WEAR PERFORMANCE
BLADE SAVER PLUS: END GUARD “PLUS”
MOLDBOARD SHOE. INCREASES WEAR
LIFE OF TUCA BLADE SYSTEM 20%,
GUARDS AGAINST IRREGULAR WEAR
![Page 21: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
NY DOT: Initial Testing
21
8100 / 4735 “Spread Miles” (NY DOT Spread Miles = Plowed miles). Plow #1 (one-way plow) plowed brand new asphalt, Plow #2 (reversible) concrete surface. Amazing Mileage, should last season 2013-2014. 2014: This one-way lasted to14,000+ miles, other 6000+/-
![Page 22: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Massachusetts DOT: Initial Testing Installed Fall 2011
22
![Page 23: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mass DOT: Conversion Started 2016
23
![Page 24: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Maine DOT: Initial testing
24
4100 Miles, season 2012-2013. Blades should easily last 2013-2014. Maine DOT Districts averaging 4X1 over standard carbide. All Maine Regions trying Kuepers.
![Page 25: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Maine DOT: Conversion Started 2016
25
4100 Miles, season 2012-2013. Blades should easily last 2013-2014. Maine DOT Districts averaging 4X1 over standard carbide. All Maine Regions trying Kuepers.
![Page 26: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Washington DOT: Oldest TUCA User
26
![Page 27: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Washington DC: Problem: Obstructions and Rubber
27
![Page 28: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Washington DC: Full Conversion
28
![Page 29: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
City of Chicago De-Icing: Problem: Typical rubber cannot withstand environmentand de-icing
29
![Page 30: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
City of Chicago
30
![Page 31: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Baltimore: Problem – rubber & caster damage
31
![Page 32: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Baltimore: Post Blizzard of 2016 – Removal of casters with conversion
32
![Page 33: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Denver: Problem: Obstructions -Trialed 7 types of rubber and poly
33
![Page 34: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Denver: Solution: Full Conversion GK 5 2013
34
![Page 35: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Rochester NY: Problem – Obstructions and standard rubber
35
![Page 36: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Rochester, NY: Full Conversion GK 5 2014
36
![Page 37: BP PowerPoint tips & tricks · 2018-04-12 · Joma –Some utilize adapter plates bolted ... guards/ plates / shoes / skids KUEPER BLADE SAVER “PLATE” : USED ON BOTH REVERSIBLE](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042310/5ed820910fa3e705ec0de2f3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Thank you. Questions?