botkin and keller environmental science 5e chapter 21 water pollution and treatment
TRANSCRIPT
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Chapter 21
Water Pollution and Treatment
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Look at charts in Text…
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
• The amount of oxygen required for biochemical decomposition process
• 3 zones– A pollution zone– An active decomposition zone– A recovery zone
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Waterborne Disease• Outbreaks of waterborne diseases
– Milwaukee, WI• Cryptosporidium Flu-like symptoms
– Fecal Coliform Bacteria• Includes E. Coli (200/100ml for swimming)
– Walkerton, ON• E. Coli outbreak (manure in water system)
• Not advised to boil
• Very young and old suseptable
• Gastrointestinal illness
• Vigilant about testing
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Nutrients
• Eutrophication– The process by which a body of water develops
a high concentration of nutrients
• Oligotrophic – Low concentration of nutrients
• Cultural Eutrophication– When eutrophication is accelerated by human
processes that add nutrients to a body of water
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Exxon-Valdez
• 1989 – oil spill recovery inadequate• 11 million gallons oil spilled
– 14% collected
• Seals, otters, seabirds died
• Jessica – spill near Galapagos Ils. – Concern for environment, winds carried most
away
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Acid Mine Drainage
• Water with a high concentration of sulfuric acid that drains from mines
• Serious water pollution problem
• Damages aquatic ecosystems, pollutes bodies of water and degrades water quality
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Surface Water Pollution
• Water Pollutants are emitted from– Point Sources
• Distinct and confined sources such as pipes from industrial or sites
– Nonpoint Sources• Diffused and intermittent
• Ex) runoffs from streets
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Groundwater Pollution
• Bioremediation: – a method of treating groundwater pollution
problems that utilizes microorganisms in the ground to consume or break down pollutants
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Wastewater Treatment
• Septic Tank Disposal Systems
• Waste Treatment Plants– Primary Treatment (large organic matter)– Secondary Treatment (aerobic bacteria)– Advanced Treatment (discharged to surface)– Chlorine Treatment (disinfectant)
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Wastewater Renovation and Conservation Cycle
• Steps:– 1. Return of treated wastewater to crops– 2. Renovation or natural purification by slow
percolation of the wastewater into soil to eventually recharge the groundwater resource with clean water
– 3. Reuse of the treated water
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Water Reuse
Inadvertent: – water is withdrawn, treated and returned to the
environment
Indirect:– Ex) the wastewater renovation and conservation cycle
Direct:– The use of treated wastewater that is piped directly
from a treatment plant to the next user
Botkin and KellerEnvironmental Science 5e
Water Pollution and Environmental Law
• Environmental Law– The branch of law dealing with conservation
and use of natural resources and control of pollution