bordeaux vs burgundy debate

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1 Wine Science Debate : Bordeaux VS Burgundy Ponchaut Benjamin Lamas Bertille Lucet Valentin CMH3

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Page 1: Bordeaux vs Burgundy  debate

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Wine Science Debate :

Bordeaux VS Burgundy

Ponchaut Benjamin Lamas Bertille Lucet Valentin CMH3

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Introduction

Bordeaux Vs Burgundy is a complex subject because there are the two best and

biggest wine region in France and probably in the world.

We have chosen this topic because every diner you have you can hear “I prefer wine

Burgundy” or “no, wine Bordeaux is better”…so we wanted to learn more about the subject

and understand the different taste, cepages and atmosphere about the two different regions.

First of all, we are going to present you the Burgundy region, then the Bordeaux Region.

At the end, we are going to explain those wines with a tasting debate of a Château Tour

Prignac, Domaine Castel Cru Bourgeois (Bordeaux), and a Côte de Beaune Village, domaine

Pierre Ponnelle. (Burgundy)

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The Burgundy vineyard

1) History

Located in the east part of France, Burgundy wines have been created in around 2 centuries before Christ, but have been renown around the 6th century, when the Moines benedictions and Cistercians. They worked on the vinifaction and wanted to create something new and special. They tried to create a particular cepage for a particular wine. They searched the perfection. The most important thing that Moines have created is the notion of « Climates ». it gives a particularity and a name to each clos and part of vineyard as Le Clos Vougeot, Vosne-Romanée Les Suchot, Chambolle Musigny les Amoureuses. Each wine has its particulary as chambolle musigny, which we can define as a Wine for girls, because it is really flavoured, no tannins, a beautiful colour. It is a wine who have a lot of character but easy to understand and appreciate.

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In the Second The Burgundy Ducs have an important impact on the wine and the quality. The history permitted to develop the vineyards after the wedding of Phlippe le Hardi and Marguerite de Flandres, his wife. The quality reached by the Moines has been developed and explain to the rest of the world. It had as a consequence that the wine was a fashion product and really good appreciated all over world. The Beaune’s Wines were rewarded as the best wines of the world in the X century. In the eighteenth century people tryed to export wines and had developed a new brand on the wine. Exportations were difficult with burgundy wines because it was wine that has to be drunk in the year. They created wine able to travel a long time. In 1875, phyloxera has destroyed the entire vineyard in burgundy. All the vineyards in burgundy where destroyed by the problem. They had to build something new. It was on this time that the monocepage production was decided. In 1935, an AOC control has been created to protect burgundy wines.

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2)The terroir

Between Paris and Lyon, the Burgundy Vineyard has a superficy of 25000 hectares. It is 99 appellations of red and white wine, and some of those one are really known all over the World. Soils are composed of Clay, limestone and marne. Soils are really dry and give wines, which are bodied, flavoured. The climate is continental with a cold winter and a warm summer.

In Burgundy, production is around 180 millions of bottles, with 65% of white wines and 35% of red wine. The production corresponds to 6% of good wines in France, and 3% of the table wines in France. 3% de la production de vin en France - 6% de la production de vin de qualité en France

3) The Burgundy Winemaking Burgundy winemakers are specially working on a monocepage winemaking. For red wines they use Pinot noir and Chardonnay for white wines. Harvest: Ususally between the end of August and September. Crushing: Grapes are separated of their cluster, and put in tanks. Alcoholique fermentation: Yeast and sugar which are in the grapes are creating alcohol. The alcoholic fermentation is done at around 32°C.

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Maceration: this is a period of 3 weeks where the juice becomes alcohol and the skin of the grape is giving the colour to the wine. The quality of the wine depends on the quality of the wine maker. Racking: The wine and the marc are separated Fermentation Malo-lactique: this is the period when the malique acids become lactique acids and carbonic gaz. This fermentation is done in a Tank at around 18 °C Stabilisation: at this period of the wine making, the wine is put in new oaks barrels to clarify and olding. Normally it is around 1 year before bottling. We remind you that burgundy red wines are done with Pinot noir only.

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The Bordeaux vineyard

 Bordeaux   has   about   116,160   hectares   (287,000   acres)   of   vineyards,   57   appellations,  10,000  wine-­‐producing  châteaux  and  13,000  grape  growers.  With  an  annual  production  of   approximately   960  million   bottles,   Bordeaux  produces   large   quantities   of   everyday  wine   as  well   as   some   of   the  most   expensive  wines   in   the  world.   Included   among   the  latter  are  the  area's  five  premier  cru  red  wines  (four  from  Médoc  and  one,  Château  Haut-­‐Brion,   from  Graves),   established  by   the  Bordeaux  Wine  Official   Classification   of   1855:  The  first  growths  are:  

• Château  Lafite-­‐Rothschild  • Château  Margaux  • Château  Latour  • Château  Haut-­‐Brion  • Château  Mouton-­‐Rothschild  

In   1855  Mouton-­‐Rothschild  was   ranked   a   Second  Growth.   In   1973,   it  was   elevated   to  First  Growth  status.  Grapes      Both   red  and  white  wines  are  made   in  Bordeaux.  Red  Bordeaux   is   called   claret   in   the  United   Kingdom.   Red   wines   are   generally   made   from   a   blend   of   grapes,   and  may   be  made  from  Cabernet  Sauvignon,  Merlot,  Cabernet  Franc,  Petit  verdot,  Malbec,  and,   less  commonly  in  recent  years,  Carménère.  White  Bordeaux  is  made  from  Sauvignon  blanc,  Sémillon,   and  Muscadelle.   Sauternes   is   a   subregion   of   Graves   known   for   its   intensely  sweet,  white,  dessert  wines  such  as  Château  d'Yquem.  Because   of   a   wine   lake   in   the   generic   production,   the   price   squeeze   induced   by   an  increasingly   strong   international   competition,   and   vine   pull   schemes,   the   number   of  growers  has  recently  dropped  from  14,000  and  the  area  under  vine  has  also  decreased  significantly.  In  the  meanwhile  however,  the  global  demand  for  the  first  growths  and  the  most  famous  labels  markedly  increased  and  their  prices  skyrocketed.                                      

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The  Bordeaux  Region  and  Appellation      

 • The  Médoc  appellations  

o Médoc  AOC  o Haut-­‐Médoc  AOC  o Saint-­‐Estèphe  AOC  o Pauillac  AOC  o Saint-­‐Julien  AOC  o Listrac-­‐Médoc  AOC  o Moulis-­‐en-­‐Médoc  AOC  o Margaux  AOC    

   

• Graves  AOC    

o Pessac-­‐Léognan  AOC  o Cérons  AOC  

o Barsac  AOC  o Sauternes  AOC  

• The Libournais appellations

o Saint-Émilion AOC o Montagne-Saint-Émilion

AOC o Saint-Georges-Saint-

Émilion AOC o Lussac-Saint-Émilion AOC o Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion

AOC o Pomerol AOC o Lalande-de-Pomerol AOC o Fronsac AOC

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o Canon-Fronsac AOC o Néac AOC o Côtes-de-Castillon AOC o Bordeaux-Côtes-de-Franc

AOC

• The Blayais-Bourgeais appellations

o Côtes-de-Blaye o Premières-côtes-de-Blaye o Côtes-de-Bourg

• The Entre-Deux-Mers appellations

o Entre-Deux-Mers AOC o Graves de Vayres AOC o Premières Côtes de

Bordeaux AOC o Cadillac AOC o Loupiac AOC o Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AOC o Haut-Benauge AOC o Côtes-de-Bordeaux-Saint-

Macaire AOC o Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOC

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Wine tasting

We decided to compare one Red wine from Bordeaux and one from Burgundy. Choose the year 2007, the same price, around 12 euros. The bordeaux is a Château Tour Prignac, Domaine Castel Cru Bourgeois, and the burgundy wine is a côte de Beaune Village, domaine Pierre Ponnelle.

Bordeaux Burgundy

Colour Warm red, grenat Ruby, tuile

Noze Really expressive expressive

Mouth Powerful, astringent Flowing, Flexible

Noze flavours Mushrooms, alcohol, pheasant, réglisse

strawberry, fleurs, cherry,

Mouth Flavours Cacao amer Wood, blackberry

Note 6,5 7,5

Conclusion To sum up this tasting between the 2 most important wine regions in France, we tried to identify both of the two wines in term of aspect, olfactive, gustative senses. After this tasting, we should say that both are winners because they propose different tastes and flavours for the same price and vintage. Each one is done for a different type of customer. One (the Côte de Beaune) will be more for persons who want something sweet and fruity and floral wine, whereas the Bordeaux is for persons who are looking for a strong wine, with tannins and complexity. For us there are no bad wines, just bad producers.

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Sources http://www.cellierdebourgogne.com/fr/histoire.html http://www.domaine-chorey.com/vignoble.htm http://www.terroirs-france.com/vin/bourgogne_histoire.htm http://www.vins-bourgogne.fr/connaitre/la-terre-de-bourgogne/l-histoire/les-dates-de-l-histoire-des-vins-de-bourgogne,14,104.html http://www.visionbourgogne.com/wine/le-vin-de-bourgogne-assure-le-plus-long-regne-de-lhistoire Le caviste Nicolas