book Ⅱ unit 1 unit 1 section a time-conscious americans
TRANSCRIPT
Book Ⅱ
Unit 1
Unit 1 Section AUnit 1 Section A
Time-Conscious Americans
Book Ⅱ
Unit 1
Pre-class Tasks Checking1
Text Comprehension2
Difficult Sentences3
Words and Expressions4
Summary5
Writing6
Post-class Tasks7
Book Ⅱ
Unit 1
Pre-class Tasks Checking
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Unit 1
People from different countries may choosedifferent ways to deal with the same situations.Thus, sometimes, misunderstanding arises.
Cultural DifferencesCultural Differences
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Situation 1 – home visit
Situation 2 – to a party
Situation 3 – being invited to dinner
Situation 4 – an appointment
Situation 5 – an interview
How to deal with these How to deal with these situations?situations?
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Situation 1: On your way home, it occurred to you that your American friend Mary had invited you to visit her when you were free. Then you dropped in on her house.
But when you knocked at the door …
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In China, it’s OK tovisit friends withoutcalling ahead of time.
While in the U.S., it’s impolite to do so.
Mary felt surprised. Why?
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What is the polite way in the U.S.?
Calling ahead of time.
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A. Before 7:00, to help her to prepare.
B. 5’~10’ late, not to be the first guest.
C. After 8:00, I’m the VIP.D. 5’~10’ earlier, it’s a polite way
to show my respect for her.
Situation 2: Your American friend invited you to her party tonight at 7:30. When are you supposed to get there? Why?
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In the U.S., people tend to be _____________.
In China, close friends tend to arrive _______________ ，but acquaintances tend to arrive _______________.
5’~10’ late (B)
before 7:00 (A)
5’~10’ earlier (D)
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A. Right on time. B. Be fashionably late.C. Half an hour late. D. About 5’ － 10’ earlier.
The Americans ： The Chinese:
Situation 3: Your American friend invited you to her house for dinner at 6:30. When are you supposed to get there?
AA BB
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Why?
Why?
Why? Why?
Situation 4: Dr. Tom Smith from NY is practicing medicine in a rural area in Arab. His opening day was booked fully a week ago. But half an hour passed, neither of his first two patients arrived.
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Americans tend to be _________.
To the Arabians, ________________________ is acceptable.
punctual
half an hour or 40 minutes late
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Situation 5: During an interview, the American boss asks about your idea on salary as a secretary, which answer will be good for you?
$$
$
$
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1. Any sum of money is OK for me.
3. At least $2500, I’m the best.
2. Oh, money is not
important to me. I don’t come here simply for money.
4. $1,000 a
month.
I can make it.
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In America, a person’s success is based on how much money he makes. And Americans are not afraid of showing their confidence.
To most Chinese, it’d be the responsibility of the company to decide the salary according to the employee’s performance.
THIS MAY BE DUE TO CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
Tips
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greetings thinking expressing ideas educating parenting responding to compliments & praise …
Tips
Cultural differences exist in the ways of …Cultural differences exist in the ways of …
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II. Brainstorming
In your eyes, learning a foreign language well means learning what aspects of language well?
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Learning a foreign languagewell means more than mastering the pronunciation,grammar and expressions. It also means learning itsculture.
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Ⅲ. Global Understanding
1. What topic does this essay center on?
It centers on the topic ---- How American culture is different from other cultures in their treatment of time.
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2. How do Americans think of time?
Time is treated as if it were something almost real. It is a precious resource. They want every minute to count.
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Unit 1
Structure survey
Detailed understanding
Text Comprehension
Structure Analysis
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I. Structure Survey
Part 1
Quick in doing business
Save time through time-saving devicesPart 2
Part 3
Americans value and save timeAmericans value and save time
Everyone is in a rushEveryone is in a rush
Quick in doing business
Quick in doing business
Save time through time-saving devices
Save time through time-saving devices
Cultural differenceCultural difference
para. 1-2para. 1-2
para. 3-7para. 3-7
para. 8para. 8
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II. Detailed Understanding
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1. What are the two things Americans try to save?
Time and labor (Para. 1)
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Time is regarded as ________________.(Para. 2)
2. What does time mean to Americans?
precious resources
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They do everything ________. They start talking business _______. They work hard at the task of saving time
by ______________________________ _____________ .
3. How do Americans do everything?4. When do Americans start talking business?5. How do Americans save time?
(Para. 3-7)
in a rushquickly
producing a steady flow of labor-
saving devices
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6. What’s the conclusion?
The foreigners _________________ from those of American. (Para. 8)
have different ideas
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To successfully solve a problemand to fulfill a job with speed is taken by __________ as a sign of
The _________ consider it proper
to ____________________ .
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General Statement + Illustration + Emphasis
A. The Writing Model of the Passage:
• What is the General Statement ?
• What is the illustration?
• What does the writer emphasize?
Ⅲ. Structure Analysis
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• What does the writer want to tell us ?
time-conscious Americans are _____________ .
The general statement: (Para. 1-2)
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Para.3: Everyone in the U.S. is in a rush.
Para.4: Americans start talking business quickly.
Para.5-7: Americans work hard to save time.
Illustration: (Para. 3-7)
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Americans take it as a sign of skillfulness to
do things quickly, while the foreigners
consider it proper to take time doing things.
Emphasis by contrast: (Para. 8)
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B. The way to develop paragraphs:
The writer presents the general statement
by giving specific details, then telling the
reasons.
General Statement + Specific Details + Reason
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Work with your partner and find out the General Statement, the specific details and the related reason in Paragraph 3:
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General statement:
Specific details :1. _________________________________
2. _________________________________
3. _________________________________
city people, hurrying to …
working time, precious …
drivers, abrupt, people, push past …
The reason: __________________________________.This is because people value time highly
_____________________________________.Everyone is in a rush — often under pressure
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Paragraph 7 is also developed in this way. Now pick out the general statement, specific details
and the reason in it.
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General statement:
Specific details :
1. ___________________________________
2. ___________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________everyone, telephone, conduct business …
telephones, save, feet, time …
telephone service, superb, postal service,
The reason :
_____________________________________.The U.S. is definitely a telephone country
efficient …
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Paraphrase
Translation
Difficult Sentences
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1. We are slaves to nothing but the clock. (L. 5)
We are under the control of time only and nothing else; we are only dominated by time…
只有时间才能支配我们
Meaning:Meaning:
翻译：翻译：
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more:more:more:more:slave to drink; slave to money
more:more:more:more:He is nothing but a criminal. He did nothing but complain.
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2. Once the sands have run out of a person’s hourglass, they cannot be replaced. (L 9)
翻译：时光一去不复返。
一旦 …… 便……
一旦 …… 便……
Meaning: Once time has passed, it will not return.
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• 她一到我们就开始。
• 一旦染上坏习惯 , 想改掉就难了。
• Once she arrives, we can start.
• Once you get into a bad habit, you'll find it hard to get out of it.
TranslationTranslation
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3. Don’t take it personally. (L19)
Meaning: Don’t let it upset you (because they treat everybody this way; or because they are not doing this to you in particular.)
翻译：翻译：不要觉得这是针对你个人的。不要觉得这是针对你个人的。
What does “it” refer to?What does “it” refer to?
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4. … which though pleasant, take longer — especially given our traffic- filled streets. (L 34)
given + n./ that clause , 如果有…… , 假如；考虑到……
• Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.
• 考虑到他们缺乏经验 , 他们算做得很出色了。
TranslatioTranslation:n:TranslatioTranslation:n:
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5. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. (L 37)
Meaning: In some countries, important business must be carried out with eye contact, and through face-to-face conversation.
翻译：翻译：在有些国家，如果没有目光接触，就在有些国家，如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。
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6. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient. (L 46)
Some people like fatty meat, whereas others
hate it.
Note:Note: “whereas” is used to show the contrast.
because of
because of
while; in contrast
while; in contrast
翻译：有些人喜欢肥肉 , 而有些人却不喜欢
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Chinese to English
Matching Game
Word Using
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acuterun out of
replacein a rush
restlesslyrace through
interactionnothing but
leisurely
impatiently communication fine/sharp; severe/great only without hurry take the place of use up/flow out of do sth. in a hurry in a hurry
Matching Game
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excellent physically present, by onese
lf in contrast, while exist at the same time carry out be able to do sth. bring sth. to a completion ，
satisfy near in time/place meaning, importance
go with
significance
conduct
be at hand
in person
superb
whereas
be competent to do
fulfill
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停滞不前消磨时间
要价承受压力生活节奏
开场白 / 寒暄礼节性交往
而不是金钱的奴隶
pace of life ritual interaction stand still opening exchanges rather than slave to money kill time be under pressure charge (money) for sth.
Chinese to English
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1. flash v. (L2):
Word Using
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1. fall behind with sth.(L 2) ② fail to produce sth. at the proper time
e.g.e.g.
fall behindfall behind with the rentwith the rent
KeyKey
I’mI’m falling behind withfalling behind with my work; I must my work; I must
try to catch up.try to catch up.
TranslationTranslation我工作拖下来了，我得想办法赶上。
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2. result in (L2)(L2) cause, have as a result, lead to
e.g.e.g.
The accident The accident resulted inresulted in the death of the death of two people.two people.
KeyKey
Acting before thinking alwaysActing before thinking always results inresults in
failing.failing.
TranslationTranslation做事不先考虑总是会失败的。
*result from —*result from —be caused by, because ofbe caused by, because of Nothing has resulted from his efforts.他的努力终成泡影。
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3. account for (L7)(L7) ① give a satisfactory explanation for … e.g.e.g.
The man couldn’tThe man couldn’t account foraccount for the fact the fact that the money was found in his that the money was found in his house.house. KeyKey
Jenny had toJenny had to account account to her fatherto her father for for
every penny she spent.every penny she spent.
TranslationTranslation珍妮不得不向父亲说明每一个便士是怎么花的。
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3. account for ②be a proportion of sth. e.g.e.g.
North Sea oil North Sea oil accounts foraccounts for a high a high proportion of our trade earningproportion of our trade earning..
KeyKey
GirlsGirls account foraccount for half of the class.half of the class.
TranslationTranslation女生占我们班一半人数。
*phrases: *phrases: on account of on account of 由于由于 ; on no account ; on no account 绝不；绝不； take actake account of = take … into account count of = take … into account 考虑到考虑到
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4. count (L10)(L10) vi. If sth. counts, it’s important or valuable; vt. calculate e.g.e.g.
We want every minute to We want every minute to countcount..
KeyKey
Every minuteEvery minute counts counts before the exam.before the exam.
TranslationTranslation考试前，每一秒钟都很重要。
*phrases: *phrases: count in count in 把 …… 算入；把 …… 算入； count on/upon = rely on count on/upon = rely on 指指望；望； count out count out 逐一数出；逐一数出； count up count up 总计总计
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5. convention (L 24)(L 24) n. customary practice 习俗，惯例 e.g.e.g.
ConventionConvention now allows women to now allows women to smoke in public.smoke in public.
KeyKey
It’s theIt’s the conventionconvention for men to wear for men to wear
suits on formal occasions.suits on formal occasions.
TranslationTranslation男子在正式场合穿西装是一种惯例。
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6. much less (L27)(L27) still less, let alone and even less likely 更不用说 e.g.e.g.
They’re always short of water to drink, They’re always short of water to drink, much lessmuch less to bathe in. to bathe in.
KeyKey
The old man can hardly walk,The old man can hardly walk, much lessmuch less
run.run.
TranslationTranslation这位老人几乎不能行走，更不用说跑了。
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7. be worthy of (L 51)(L 51) deserving 值得
e.g.e.g.
It seems as if the task were not It seems as if the task were not worthy of worthy of proper respect.proper respect.
KeyKey
He He is worthy ofis worthy of our praise.our praise.
TranslationTranslation他值得我们表扬。
QuestionQuestion
What What is worthy ofis worthy of your working hard?your working hard?
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worth, worthy 句型差别be worth + n. = be worthy of +n.be worth doing = be worthy of being donecf. of being done. sth. is worthy to be done.
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Summary
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Americans are ____________ people. They valuetime and save it carefully. Time is a real, ________ resource to them so every minute must _____. Foreigners may think Americans are always _________ and under pressure. Smiles, shortconversations, and small exchanges with strangersdon’t exist because Americans dislike “_______” too much time. Americans assess others____________ rather than socially, so they start
countin a
precious
wasting
time-conscious
professionally
hurry
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business immediately since they arealways _________of time. Americans work hard at _______ time by producing a steady flow of labor-saving devices. They may have meetings using equipment like television screens and telephones rather than ________ . Solving a problem or doinga job successfully __________ is taken as a signof _________. The more important the job, the more time and effort Americans will _________ it.
in personwith speed
saving
skillfulness
conscious
pour into
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Writing
General Statement + Specific Details + Reason
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Computers will play an increasingly important role in our daily life. Computers could measure brain activity to determine the quality of our work. Doctors will use computers to evaluate and identify motor problems, figure out repair costs and locate repair shops. Home computers will take care of regular duties at home, help with homework and order food. This is because computers can work more efficiently for us.
Sample 1Sample 1
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A general point : Computers will play an increasingly important role in our daily life.
Specific details:1. Computers measure brain activity.2. Computers evaluate and treat sickness.3. Computers in car show us routes, take money from our bank.4. Home computers take care of regular duties at home.
The reason:Computers are working efficiently.
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1.Decide the topic. 2.Write the topic sentence .3.Turn the topic sentence into HOW
& WHY question.4.Before writing, outline details &
reasons of the questions.
Tips for writingTips for writing
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Topic : “Low Carbon” has
become a major concern for society.
Your task:Your task:
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Idea-sharing
Post-class Tasks
Exercises
from P 7 to P
13
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I. Idea Sharing
How do you view American culture?
Individualism ( 个人主义 ) Equality ( 平等 ) and Informality ( 不拘礼节 ) Friendships Time Consciousness
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Individualism ( 个人主义 )1)
Most Americans see themselves first as individuals and then as a member of a community, family or other groups. Some people from other countries view this as being “selfish”. Others view it as freedom from constraints ( 约束 ).
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Equality and Informality2)
Most Americans treat each other in informal ways, even in the presence of great differences in age or social standing. Some see this as a “lack of respect”. Others see it as a healthy lack of concern for social ritual ( 礼仪 ).
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Friendships3)
Friendships are often less intense and shorter than those among people frommany cultures. Americans often seem very friendly at first, even when you first meet them. This friendliness does not usually mean that the American is looking for a deeperrelationship.
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Time Consciousness4)
Most Americans place a strong emphasis on being on time. They tend to organizetime by means of schedules.
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Keys to the exercises
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1. charge 2. convention 3. efficient 4. obtain 5. competent 6. assessing 7. fulfill 8. conducting 9. consequently 10. significance
《读写教程 Ⅱ》 : Ex. Ex. III, p.III, p. 8 8《读写教程 Ⅱ》 : Ex. Ex. III, p.III, p. 8 8
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1. behind 2. at 3. in 4. out 5. to 6. to 7. in 8. with 9. but 10. for
《读写教程 Ⅱ》 : Ex. IV, Ex. IV, p.p. 8 8《读写教程 Ⅱ》 : Ex. IV, Ex. IV, p.p. 8 8
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1. L 2. C 3. D 4. N 5. O 6. A 7. E 8. G 9. I 10. K
《读写教程 Ⅱ》 : Ex. V, Ex. V, p. 9p. 9《读写教程 Ⅱ》 : Ex. V, Ex. V, p. 9p. 9
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1. …much less can he write English articles.
2. …much less can he manage a big company.
3. … much less could he carry it upstairs. 4. …much less have I spoken to him. 5. … much less to read a lot outside of it.
《读写教程 Ⅱ》 : Ex. Ex. ⅧⅧ, , p. 11p. 11《读写教程 Ⅱ》 : Ex. Ex. ⅧⅧ, , p. 11p. 11
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1.1. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。
much less
She wouldn’t take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner.
Translate the following sentences into English.
《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. Ex. ⅩⅩ, , p.p. 12 12《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. Ex. ⅩⅩ, , p.p. 12 12
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2. 2. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。是实话。
whereaswhereas
He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth.
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3.3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释。这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释。 account foraccount for
How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week?
4.4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 due partly todue partly to
The increase in their profits is due partly to their market strategy.
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5.5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。 result inresult in
Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.
6.6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。以我们只能继续。 pour intopour into
We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on.
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1. 我认为他不会抢劫，更不用说暴力抢劫了。
2. 男工平均工资每小时 10 美元，而女工才每小时 7 美元。
3. 自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏就会带来很多不可预知的影响。
《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. Ex. ⅪⅪ,, Translation, p. 12 Translation, p. 12《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. Ex. ⅪⅪ,, Translation, p. 12 Translation, p. 12
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4. 期终考试迫在眉睫，你最好多花点时间看书。
5. 有趣的是，消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国。其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响，部分原因是囿于产地的变化。
6. 最近一次调查表明，妇女占总劳动力的 40% 。
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1. C2. B3. B4. A5. D6. B7. C8. D
《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. Ex. ⅩⅩ, Cloze, p. 13, Cloze, p. 13《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. Ex. ⅩⅩ, Cloze, p. 13, Cloze, p. 13
9. A10. C11. D12. C13. C14. B15. A
