bontempi aicc2005
TRANSCRIPT
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Rome, August 2005
FRAMEWORKS
FOR
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
FRANCO BONTEMPI
Professor of Structural Analysis and Design
School of Engineering
University of Rome “La Sapienza”
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FRAMEWORKS 2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: THE STRUCTURE
PART II: THE ENVIRONMENT
PART III: THE PEOPLE
CONCLUSION
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A very personal view
A frame is a scheme of interpretations in which the
particulars of the events and activities to which we
attend are organized and made sensible.
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Concessionaria per la progettazione, realizzazione e gestione del collegamento stabile tra la Sicilia e il Continente Organismo di Diritto Pubblico
(Legge n° 1158 del 17 dicembre 1971, modificata dal D.Lgs n° 114 del 24 aprile 2003)
PONTE SULLO STRETTO DI MESSINA
Documento principale: INGEGNERIA – PROGETTAZIONE
DEFINITIVA ED ESECUTIVA
Titolo documento: Fondamenti Progettuali e Prestazioni Attese
per l’Opera d’Attraversamento
Codice documento: GCG.F.04.01
Data Emissione: 14 Gennaio 2005
BA
SIS
OF
TH
E D
ES
IGN
&
EX
PE
CT
ED
PE
RM
OR
MA
NC
ES
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STRUCTURAL
QUALITY
- design life
- railway
runability
- highway
runability
- free channel
- robustness
- durability
- management
GLOBAL
GEOMETRY
AND
TOPOLOGY
TOPOLOGY
- suspension system
- towers
- towers foundation
- anchor system
- main deck
- deck landing
- ...
GLOBAL GEOMETRY
- main span
- sx span
- dx span
SECTIONAL GEOMETRY
- continuous girder sections
- transverse section
- main cables
- hangers
- towers
- secondary elements
MATERIALS
CHARACTERISTICS
- girders
- cables
SYNTHESIS OF
STRUCTURAL
SOLUTION
AND
DOCUMENTATION
BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS
CONSTRAINTS:
rigid and elastic
constraints,
imposed
displacements
NATURAL
ACTIONS
- temperature
- wind
- earthquake
ANTROPIC
ACTIONS
a) permanent
loading
system
b) variable
- railway
- highway
c) accidental
CO
NV
EN
TIO
NA
L M
OD
ELIN
G:
QU
AS
I ST
AT
IC R
EP
RE
SE
NT
AT
ION
BASIC STRUCTURAL
CONFIGURATION
PARAMETERS
- individuation
- definition
- uncertainty
- description
- bounding
GLOBAL
MODELING
- 2D
- 3D
MODELING WITH
DYNAMIC INTERACTION
ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURAL
CONFIGURATIONS
GLOBAL
OPTIMIZATION
- topology
- morphology
- parametric
LOCAL
OPTIMIZATION
- girders section
- transverse
section
- restraint zone
EXPERT AND
FIXED CHOICES
MEASURES
a) qualitative
b) materials volumes
c) serviceability
- modal characteristics
- deflections
- deformations
- reversibility
d) collapse scenarios
- collapse characteristics
- robustness
e) accidental scenarios
- configurations
- risks
DETAILED
MODELING
EXTENDED
MODELING
12 3
4
5
6
7
Numerical Modeling for the
Structural Analysis and Design of
MESSINA STRAIT BRIDGE:
subdivision and development of activities.
FB - june 6, 2005 / [email protected]
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PART I
THE STRUCTURE
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DESCRIPTION OF THE
STRUCTURE
the first point regards the peculiar
intrinsic characteristics of the structure:
morphology, geometry (both global and
local), topology of the resistant
mechanisms;
one is referring here to the domain of the
structural problem.
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Knowledge Models A thorough understanding of different knowledge
representations is a vital part, since the ease of solving a problem is almost completely determined by the way the problem is conceptualized and represented. Models are:
Ladders: hierarchical (tree-like) diagrams (as concept ladder, composition ladder, decision ladder and attribute ladder)
Network Diagrams: they show nodes connected by arrows; the nodes might represent any type of concept, attribute, value or task, and the arrows between the nodes any type of relationship (as concept maps, process maps and state transition networks)
Tables and Grids: representations that make use of tables or grids (as forms, frames, timelines and matrices/grids)
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Knowledge tree
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Evolutionary tree
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Strategies
From general to specific
From prominent to concealed
From qualitative to quantitative
From extensive to narrow
From global to local
From coarse to fine
From explicit to implicit
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
LUCE
LUCE 1100 1298 1385 1410 1624 1991 3300
BISA
N-
VER
RAZZ
JIAN
GYN
HUM
BER
GRE
AT
AKA
SHI
MES
SINA
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The limits of structural systems
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Ma
jor m
od
es o
f
Evolu
tion in
natu
re
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Artificial evolution
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EVOLUTION vs INNOVATION
DESIGNP
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
S
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KNOWLEDGE
REQUIRED
BY AN EVOLUTIVE
DESIGN
NEW KNOWLEDGE
REQUIRED BY
AN INNOVATIVE
DESIGN
ACTUAL
KNOWLEDGE BASIS
KNOWLEDGE
GROWTH PROCESS
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deck arrangement
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deck arrangement
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highway girder section
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railway girder section
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transverse element section
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En
actm
en
t of th
e m
od
el
LOCAL
KNOWLEDGE
GLOBAL
KNOWLEDGE
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x
x
x
x
Fault
Fault
Fault
Fault
Overall plant
1st level
Plant item
2nd level
Control loop
3rd level
Element/Component
4th level
System
Structural organism
Multilevel analysis
Sub structuring
B- & D-regions
DESCRIPTION:
anatomy
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SISTEMA
STRUTTURALE
PRINCIPALE
ZONE SPECIALI DI
IMPALCATO
SISTEMA DI
RITEGNO/SOSTEGNO
SISTEMA
STRUTTURALE
SECONDARIO
SISTEMA DI
SOSPENSIONE
IMPALCATO
CORRENTE
FONDAZIONI DELLE TORRI
ANCORAGGI
TORRI
SELLE
CAVI PRINCIPALI
PENDINI
CASSONI STRADALI
CASSONE FERROVIARIO
TRAVERSO
INTERNE
TERMINALI
SISTEMA STRUTTURALE
AUSILIARIO
STRADALE
FERROVIARIO
FUNZIONAMENTO
MANUTENZIONE
EMERGENZA
PONTE
MACROLIVELLO
MESOLIVELLO
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Individuazione delle
VARIABILI di progetto
per ciascun elemento
Individuazione degli
ELEMENTI
per ciascun componente
Individuazione dei
COMPONENTI
di ciascuna sottostruttura
SOTTOSTRUTTURAZIONE
del sistema globale
per lo studio di dettaglio
delle singole prestazioni
SISTEMA DI
RITEGNO/SOSTEGNO
FONDAZIONI DELLE TORRI
ANCORAGGI
TORRI
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Web-based structure description
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DEFINITION OF
PRINCIPAL
FUNCTIONS AND
THEIR RELATIONS
DEFINITION OF
DETAILED OPERATIONS
IN A STEP BY STEP WAY
FUNCTION:
physiology
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Natural science anatomy
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MAIN
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
AUXILIARY
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
SECONDARY
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
SPECIAL
DECK ZONES
BRIDGE
DECK
HIGHWAY SYSTEM
RAILWAY SYSTEM
OPERATION
MAINTENANCE
EMERGENCY
FOUNDATION OF TOWERS
TOWERS
ANCHORAGESSUPPORTING
CONDITION
HIGHWAY BOX-GIRDER
CROSS BOX-GIRDER
RAILWAY BOX-GIRDER
INNER
OUTER
BRIDGE
SUPERSTRUCTURE
MACRO-LEVELS
MESO-LEVELS
MAIN CABLES
HANGERS
SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
SADDLES
STRUCTURAL DECOMPOSITION
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The landing of the bridge
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Foundations
Towers
Main cables
Hangers
Bridge deck
Seismic load transfer mechanism
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FACTORS INFLUENCING
STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY
NON LINEAR
BEHAVIOR
LINEAR
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3300183 183777 627
960 3300 m 810
+77.00 m
+383.00 +383.00
+54.00+118.00
+52.00 +63.00
3300183 183777 627
960 3300 m 810
+77.00 m
+383.00 +383.00
+54.00+118.00
+52.00 +63.00
CONTROL DEVICES
SOIL BEHAVIORMATERIAL NONLINEARITY
SOIL/STRUCTURE INTERFACE CONTACT
HANGERS
TOWERS
MAIN CABLES
GEOMETRIC NONLINEARITY
NONLINEARITY
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 68
FACTORS INFLUENCING
STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY
LOW
AMBIGUITY UNCERTAINTY
HIGH
NON LINEAR
BEHAVIOR
LINEAR
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3300183 183777 627
960 3300 m 810
+77.00 m
+383.00 +383.00
+54.00+118.00
+52.00 +63.00
3300183 183777 627
960 3300 m 810
+77.00 m
+383.00 +383.00
+54.00+118.00
+52.00 +63.00
STRUCTURAL MODEL
LOADING SYSTEM
GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL
UNCERTAINTY
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 70
FACTORS INFLUENCING
STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY
LOW
AMBIGUITY UNCERTAINTY
HIGH
TIGHT
COUPLING INTERACTIONS CONNECTIONS
LOOSE
NON LINEAR
BEHAVIOR
LINEAR
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3300183 183777 627
960 3300 m 810
+77.00 m
+383.00 +383.00
+54.00+118.00
+52.00 +63.00
3300183 183777 627
960 3300 m 810
+77.00 m
+383.00 +383.00
+54.00+118.00
+52.00 +63.00
TRAFFIC – STRUCTURE
WIND - STRUCTURE
SOIL - STRUCTURE
INTERACTION
GLOBAL/LOCAL STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR
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FRAMEWORKS 72
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FRAMEWORKS 73
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FRAMEWORKS 74
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 75
Un-deployable objects:
intricate interactions
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 76
System complexity
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PART II
THE ENVIRONMENT
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 78
DECISIONNEGOTIATION & REFRAMING
WIND & TEMPERATURE
EARTHQUAKE
AN
TR
OP
IC A
CT
ION
S
(RA
ILW
AY
& H
IGH
WA
Y)
ST
RU
CT
UR
AL
BE
HA
VIO
R &
PE
RF
OR
MA
NC
E A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T
MODEL
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 79
GLOBAL LEVEL
LOCAL LEVEL
Hierarchy and size of
actions / performances
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 80
Ambientali
Antropiche
Azioni
Interazione con il campo
gravitazionale terrestre
Interazione dinamica con
l’ambiente meteorologico
Interazione terreno-struttura
Interazione quasi-statica con
l’ambiente meteorlogico
Carichi permanenti strutturali
Carichi permanenti
non strutturali
Carichi permanenti
strutturali secondari
Vento
Tromba d’aria
Tempesta
Sisma
Cedimenti delle fondazioni
Rigetto di faglia
Variazione termica stagionale
Variazione termica diurna
Carichi da traffico
Intenzionali
Non intenzionali
Incendio
Stradale
Pedonale
Ferroviario
Carrelli per manutenzione
Esplosione
Scavalcamento barriere
Manomissione
Cassone ferroviario
Urto di aereomobile
Urto di natante
Impalcato ferroviario
Impalcato stradale
Ancoraggio
½ Luce
¼ Luce
Torre
Torre lato Sicilia
Ancoraggio lato Sicilia
Traslazionale X
Traslazionale Y
Traslazionale Y
Rotazionale X
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale X
Pendini
Impalcato
Cavi
Torri
Uniforme
Differenziale interno-esterno
Uniforme
Differenziale interno-esterno
Stese di carico globali
Modello dinamico
Dislocata sui cassoni stradali
Modello dinamico
Modello dinamico
Stese di carico globali
Modello dinamico
Impronta locale
Esterna
Interna
Cassone
Torre
Stradale
Ferroviario
Ancoraggio
Torre
Pendino
Cavalletto
Torre
Cavo
Pendino
Impalcato
Ancoraggio
Impalcato
Rotazionale Y
Rotazionale Z
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale Y
Sovrastruttura stradale
Armamento ferroviario
Impianti
Uniforme
Non uniforme 1
Non uniforme 2
Modello dinamico
Modello dinamico
Spostamento blocco torre
Globale
Globale
Carico locale sull’impalcato
Modello dinamico
Uniforme
Non uniforme 1
Non uniforme 2
In assenza di traffico
In presenza di traffico
Uniforme
Uniforme
Ferroviario 1
Ferroviario 2
Ferroviario 3
Ferroviario 4
Ferroviario 5
Ferroviario 6
Ferroviario 7
Ferroviario 8
Ferroviario 9
Ferroviario 10
Stradale 1
Stradale 2
Stradale 3
Stradale 4
Stradale 5
Stradale 6
Stradale 7
Stradale 8
Stradale 9
Stradale 10
Stradale 11
Stradale 12
Azioni al contorno
del dominio strutturale
Azioni nel dominio strutturale
Azioni Funzionali
Azioni Incidentali
Azioni chimico-fisiche
Differenziale sulla sezione
Differenziale sulla sezione
Carichi funzionali accessori
Impronte locali del carico
Azione reale del traffico
Carico locale sul binario
Azione reale del traffico
Stese di carico globali
Azione reale del traffico Modello dinamico
Svio
Deragliamento
Urto sulle barriere di sicurezza
Trasverso
Torre
Cavo
Pendino
Impalcato
Ancoraggio
Corrosione
Ancoraggio lato Calabria
Torre lato Calabria
Traslazionale X
Traslazionale X
Traslazionale Y
Rotazionale X
Traslazionale Y
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale X
Rotazionale Y
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale Y
Rotazionale Z
Rotazionale Z
Rotazionale Z
Traslazionale X
Pendini
Impalcato
Cavi
Torri
Cassone ferroviario
Accessi ed arredi
gambe
trasversi
funi
Cassone stradale
Impianti
trasversi
Pendini
Impalcato
Cavi
Torri
Dispositivi per il controllo
strutturale e aerodinamico
funi
Dispositivi per il controllo
strutturale e aerodinamico
Distanziatori meccanici
Smorzatori
Selle
Impalcato
Torri
Cavi
Guaine protettive
Guaine protettive
Pendini
Ambientali
Antropiche
Azioni
Interazione con il campo
gravitazionale terrestre
Interazione dinamica con
l’ambiente meteorologico
Interazione terreno-struttura
Interazione quasi-statica con
l’ambiente meteorlogico
Carichi permanenti strutturali
Carichi permanenti
non strutturali
Carichi permanenti
strutturali secondari
Vento
Tromba d’aria
Tempesta
Sisma
Cedimenti delle fondazioni
Rigetto di faglia
Variazione termica stagionale
Variazione termica diurna
Carichi da traffico
Intenzionali
Non intenzionali
Incendio
Stradale
Pedonale
Ferroviario
Carrelli per manutenzione
Esplosione
Scavalcamento barriere
Manomissione
Cassone ferroviario
Urto di aereomobile
Urto di natante
Impalcato ferroviario
Impalcato stradale
Ancoraggio
½ Luce
¼ Luce
Torre
Torre lato Sicilia
Ancoraggio lato Sicilia
Traslazionale X
Traslazionale Y
Traslazionale Y
Rotazionale X
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale X
Pendini
Impalcato
Cavi
Torri
Uniforme
Differenziale interno-esterno
Uniforme
Differenziale interno-esterno
Stese di carico globali
Modello dinamico
Dislocata sui cassoni stradali
Modello dinamico
Modello dinamico
Stese di carico globali
Modello dinamico
Impronta locale
Esterna
Interna
Cassone
Torre
Stradale
Ferroviario
Ancoraggio
Torre
Pendino
Cavalletto
Torre
Cavo
Pendino
Impalcato
Ancoraggio
Impalcato
Rotazionale Y
Rotazionale Z
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale Y
Sovrastruttura stradale
Armamento ferroviario
Impianti
Uniforme
Non uniforme 1
Non uniforme 2
Modello dinamico
Modello dinamico
Spostamento blocco torre
Globale
Globale
Carico locale sull’impalcato
Modello dinamico
Uniforme
Non uniforme 1
Non uniforme 2
In assenza di traffico
In presenza di traffico
Uniforme
Uniforme
Ferroviario 1
Ferroviario 2
Ferroviario 3
Ferroviario 4
Ferroviario 5
Ferroviario 6
Ferroviario 7
Ferroviario 8
Ferroviario 9
Ferroviario 10
Stradale 1
Stradale 2
Stradale 3
Stradale 4
Stradale 5
Stradale 6
Stradale 7
Stradale 8
Stradale 9
Stradale 10
Stradale 11
Stradale 12
Azioni al contorno
del dominio strutturale
Azioni nel dominio strutturale
Azioni Funzionali
Azioni Incidentali
Azioni chimico-fisiche
Differenziale sulla sezione
Differenziale sulla sezione
Carichi funzionali accessori
Impronte locali del carico
Azione reale del traffico
Carico locale sul binario
Azione reale del traffico
Stese di carico globali
Azione reale del traffico Modello dinamico
Svio
Deragliamento
Urto sulle barriere di sicurezza
Trasverso
Torre
Cavo
Pendino
Impalcato
Ancoraggio
Corrosione
Ancoraggio lato Calabria
Torre lato Calabria
Traslazionale X
Traslazionale X
Traslazionale Y
Rotazionale X
Traslazionale Y
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale X
Rotazionale Y
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale Y
Rotazionale Z
Rotazionale Z
Rotazionale Z
Traslazionale X
Pendini
Impalcato
Cavi
Torri
Cassone ferroviario
Accessi ed arredi
gambe
trasversi
funi
Cassone stradale
Impianti
trasversi
Pendini
Impalcato
Cavi
Torri
Dispositivi per il controllo
strutturale e aerodinamico
funi
Dispositivi per il controllo
strutturale e aerodinamico
Distanziatori meccanici
Smorzatori
Selle
Impalcato
Torri
Cavi
Guaine protettive
Guaine protettive
Pendini
Actions decomposition
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 81
Ambientali
Antropiche
Azioni
Interazione con il campo
gravitazionale terrestre
Interazione dinamica con
l’ambiente meteorologico
Interazione terreno-struttura
Interazione quasi-statica con
l’ambiente meteorlogico
Carichi permanenti strutturali
Carichi permanenti
non strutturali
Carichi permanenti
strutturali secondari
Vento
Tromba d’aria
Tempesta
Sisma
Cedimenti delle fondazioni
Rigetto di faglia
Variazione termica stagionale
Variazione termica diurna
Carichi da traffico
Intenzionali
Non intenzionali
Incendio
Stradale
Pedonale
Ferroviario
Carrelli per manutenzione
Esplosione
Scavalcamento barriere
Manomissione
Cassone ferroviario
Urto di aereomobile
Urto di natante
Impalcato ferroviario
Impalcato stradale
Ancoraggio
½ Luce
¼ Luce
Torre
Torre lato Sicilia
Ancoraggio lato Sicilia
Traslazionale X
Traslazionale Y
Traslazionale Y
Rotazionale X
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale X
Pendini
Impalcato
Cavi
Torri
Uniforme
Differenziale interno-esterno
Uniforme
Differenziale interno-esterno
Stese di carico globali
Modello dinamico
Dislocata sui cassoni stradali
Modello dinamico
Modello dinamico
Stese di carico globali
Modello dinamico
Impronta locale
Esterna
Interna
Cassone
Torre
Stradale
Ferroviario
Ancoraggio
Torre
Pendino
Cavalletto
Torre
Cavo
Pendino
Impalcato
Ancoraggio
Impalcato
Rotazionale Y
Rotazionale Z
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale Y
Sovrastruttura stradale
Armamento ferroviario
Impianti
Uniforme
Non uniforme 1
Non uniforme 2
Modello dinamico
Modello dinamico
Spostamento blocco torre
Globale
Globale
Carico locale sull’impalcato
Modello dinamico
Uniforme
Non uniforme 1
Non uniforme 2
In assenza di traffico
In presenza di traffico
Uniforme
Uniforme
Ferroviario 1
Ferroviario 2
Ferroviario 3
Ferroviario 4
Ferroviario 5
Ferroviario 6
Ferroviario 7
Ferroviario 8
Ferroviario 9
Ferroviario 10
Stradale 1
Stradale 2
Stradale 3
Stradale 4
Stradale 5
Stradale 6
Stradale 7
Stradale 8
Stradale 9
Stradale 10
Stradale 11
Stradale 12
Azioni al contorno
del dominio strutturale
Azioni nel dominio strutturale
Azioni Funzionali
Azioni Incidentali
Azioni chimico-fisiche
Differenziale sulla sezione
Differenziale sulla sezione
Carichi funzionali accessori
Impronte locali del carico
Azione reale del traffico
Carico locale sul binario
Azione reale del traffico
Stese di carico globali
Azione reale del traffico Modello dinamico
Svio
Deragliamento
Urto sulle barriere di sicurezza
Trasverso
Torre
Cavo
Pendino
Impalcato
Ancoraggio
Corrosione
Ancoraggio lato Calabria
Torre lato Calabria
Traslazionale X
Traslazionale X
Traslazionale Y
Rotazionale X
Traslazionale Y
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale X
Rotazionale Y
Traslazionale Z
Rotazionale Y
Rotazionale Z
Rotazionale Z
Rotazionale Z
Traslazionale X
Pendini
Impalcato
Cavi
Torri
Cassone ferroviario
Accessi ed arredi
gambe
trasversi
funi
Cassone stradale
Impianti
trasversi
Pendini
Impalcato
Cavi
Torri
Dispositivi per il controllo
strutturale e aerodinamico
funi
Dispositivi per il controllo
strutturale e aerodinamico
Distanziatori meccanici
Smorzatori
Selle
Impalcato
Torri
Cavi
Guaine protettive
Guaine protettive
Pendini
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 82
COMPLEXITY
ST
OC
HA
ST
ICS
DE
TE
RM
INIS
M
Qualitative
Risk Analysis
Quantitative
Risk Analysis
Pragmatic
Risk Analysis
Strategies to consider contingency
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 83
Bounding strategies:
anti-optimization process
p
(p)
p
(p)
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FRAMEWORKS 84
Disclosure of failure
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FRAMEWORKS 85
FAILURE LOCAL BEHAVIORS
HIDDEN DEFECTS
EXCEPTIONAL CONDITIONS
IN-DEPTH SAFETY
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PRECURSORS
SAFETY
AFFECTING
ACTIONS
HIDDEN ERRORS AT HIGHER
MANAGEMENT LEVELS
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 86
HAZARD
IN-D
EPTH
DEFE
NCE
HOLES DUE TO
ACTIVE ERRORS
HOLES DUE TO
HIDDEN ERRORS
SINCHRONICITY:
inconstant connection through
contingence, equivalence, or
meaning
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DE
PE
ND
AB
ILIT
Y
ROBUSTNESS
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Franco Bontempi /
FRAMEWORKS 88
PERFORMANCE ROBUSTNESS
QUALITY
DAMAGE or ERROR
REQUIRED PERFORMANCE
NOMINALPERFORMANCE
NOMINAL SITUATION
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FRAMEWORKS 89
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FRAMEWORKS 90
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PART III
THE PEOPLE
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FRAMEWORKS 92
REAL WORLD
ORGANIZATION OF THE
STRUCTURAL PROBLEM
ENACTMENT
OF ATTENTION:
FOR- & BACK-GROUND
SELECTION
OF CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORKRETENTION
OF MODELLING
AND RESULTS
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FRAMEWORKS 93
Context dependence
Contrast effect
Recency effect
Halo effect
Plasticity
Order effects
Pseudo-opinions
Vividness
Wishful thinking
Anchoring
Social loafing
Conformity
The representativeness
heuristic
Law of small numbers
Hot hand
Neglecting base rates
Nonregressive prediction
Synchronicity
Causalation
Salience
Minority influence
Groupthink
Self-fulfilling prophecies
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FRAMEWORKS 94
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FRAMEWORKS 95
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FRAMEWORKS 96
COERENCE OF THE MODEL
1
2
DISSONANCE,
ANOMALY,
IRREGULARITY,
UGLINESS,
….
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FRAMEWORKS 97
CAPACITY TO BREAK OUT THE
TRAPS
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CONCLUSION
THE WEIGHT OF THE
HUMAN SIDE
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FRAMEWORKS 99
STRESS STATE
FB-14-09-04 [Mpa]
PP PN QA VV CAVO TORRE
riferimento 1,00 1,00 0,00 0,00 650 155
SLS-4 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,00 800 205
150 50 incremento per QA
SLS-5 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 810 260
10 55 incremento per VV
riferimento 1,10 1,50 0,00 0,00 730 185
SLS-4 1,15 1,50 1,50 0,00 955 260
225 75 incremento per QA
SLS-5 1,15 1,50 1,10 1,00 930 330
TOWERCABLE
SLS-4
SLS-5
ULS-4
ULS-5
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FRAMEWORKS 100