Bones and the Skeletal system

! CAUTION !

IF YOU FEEL LIKE PUKING AT THE SIGHT OF SCULLS OR SKELETONS THEN PLEASE GET OUT OF THE ROOM RATHER THAN DIRTY THE CLASSROOM

Introduction

Every single person has a skeleton made up of bones. Bones are part of the skeletal system. Bones meet up at joints which allow movement. Bones are also important because they also store calcium, which is vital to the working of nerves and muscles. The skeleton is like a frame and it gives shape to our body. A new born baby has approximately 270 bones but when it grows up the bones join together and then it is left with 206 bones. Bones make up 14 of our body weight.

Cartilaginous- (pronunciation- car.ti.lag.i.nous) meaning- of or resembling cartilage. Cartilage- a strong, elastic tissue which is very

flexible Phosphates- phosphate is a salt of phosphoric acid Cartilage- a firm, elastic, flexible type of

connective tissue of a translucent whitish or yellowish colour

Intervertebral- situated between the vertebrae Vertebrae- a long column of hollow bones

New Words

(meanings not in alphabetical order)

SKELETON OF HUMAN GROWN UP

SKELETON OF A HUMAN BABY

Bones are made of calcium and phosphates.

What are bones made of ?

Structure of a Bone

Compact Bone- Compact bones are also called cortical bones and they form a shell around the spongy bone.

Spongy Bone- Also called the cancellous bone the spongy bones is one of two types of osseous tissue that form bones.

Bone Marrow- Bone marrow is the flexible tissue found in the interior of bones. The marrow helps in producing new blood cells and stores fat.

Bones are light yet they are 5 times stronger than steel.

The smallest bone is one of the three earbones, called the stapes.

The largest bone is the thigh bone.(Femur)

Facts about bones

THE HUMAN SKELETON

(up to down)

The skull is set of 22 bones(Excluding the 3 bones in each middle ear)(all the largest bones are shown in the next slide) They fall into two main groups. One group (including the frontal, parietal, and temporal bones) surrounds the brain and is fused together to form the cranium. The remainder of the bones form the face. The skull protects the brain. Only the lower jaw is movable not the upper jaw. There is no nose bone, the nose is made of cartilage.

THE SKULL

Parietal Bone

The neck bone is one of the 7 vertebrae in the human spine located in the neck region. The neck bone is used to turn our head around.

The Neck bone

Spine/Backbone

The spine /backbone also called the vertebral column supports the body and the head. It gives our body a proper posture. It also protects the delicate tissues of the spinal cord. It is made up of 33 bones called vertebrae, separated by intervertebral discs, which act as shock absorbers. The bones of the spine are kept in place and supported by attached ligaments and muscles.

Rib cage

(this diagram shows many things that we don’t need to know about right now)

The human rib cage (also called the thoracic cage) is a bony and cartilaginous structure. A typical human rib cage consists of 24 ribs(12 ribs on each side). Ribs are meant to protect the lungs and the heart.

Fore limbs (Arm Bones)

There are 27 bones in our arms and wrists There is one single upper arm bone called humerus and 2 lower arm bones-radius and ulna.

Hindlimbs ( leg bones)

The longest bone in our body is the thigh bone (femur). The lower leg has 2 bones called tibia and fibula. Approx. 26 bones make our ankle and foot.

Joints are where two bones meet. Joints help us to move our body.

Joints