bonding- what does bonding mean? what is a chemical bond? a chemical bond results when electrons are...
TRANSCRIPT
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BONDING-
What does bonding mean?
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What is a chemical bond?
• A chemical bond results when electrons are gained, lost, or shared between atoms
• bonds form so atoms can have 8 valence electrons
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Types of BONDS• If electrons are gained or lost (transferred), an IONIC BOND results• If electrons are shared, a COVALENT BOND results
– TIP to remember the difference between the two (co and I) – $ example
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How does bonding affect the type of compound formed?
• The type of compound that is formed depends on the bond between the two elements.
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COMPOUNDS- combination of at least two elements
• There are two types of compounds–Ionic compounds
–Molecular (covalent) compounds
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• Windows media player animation – ionic bonding/ covalent boding animation
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Types of Compounds Continued
• Covalent bonds form between NONMETALS only
• Example: CO2, SO2
• Covalent bonds form molecular compounds
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"My name is Bond -
Covalent Bond."
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Types of Compounds Continued
• Ionic bonds form between METALS & NONMETALS only
• Example: NaCl, MgCl2
• Ionic bonds form ionic compounds
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Classify the following as Covalent or Ionic Compounds
• 1. Li3N
• 2. P2O5
• 3. CO
• 4. MgS
• 5. FeCl3
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Which of the following compounds is ionic?
A. HCl B. H2O
C. NaCl D. CH4
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• 1. CO2
• 2. CCl4• 3. MgS
• 4. AlF3
• 5. HCl
Which are ionic compounds?
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• We are going to spend the next few days exploring ionic compounds before we talk any more about molecular compounds.
• In order for ionic bonds to form, the atoms that are combining must first become ions!
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• IONIC COMPOUNDS are formed from IONS
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Atoms and Ions
• Ions are different from atoms because:
• Ions are charged particles
• Ions are atoms that have lost or gained e-
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Why Atoms Change
• Atoms are electrically neutral (#p+ = #e-)
• However, atoms have a mission It is to become like a noble gas
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Octet Rule
• The Octet Rule states that all atoms want to achieve a noble gas configuration (have 8 valence electrons) in order to become chemically stable
• Atoms accomplish this through gaining, losing, and sharing of electrons
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Ions
• An atom which loses electrons becomes positively charged and is called a cation
• Metals form cations–Ex. Mg+2
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• Smart board atom example
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Ions
• An atom which gains electrons becomes negatively charged and is referred as an anion
• Nonmetals form anions
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Write Symbols for the following:
• 1. A sulfur atom that gains 2 e-
• 2. A sodium atom that loses 1 e-
• 3. A nitrogen atom that gains 3 e-
• 4. A magnesium atom that loses 2 e-
• Identify the anions and cations above• Determine how many protons and
electrons each atom has
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• Smart board atom example Ion 1:48 video clip
• http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/clickDirector.cfm/type/video/action/stream/guidAssetID/ae2c7a14-611a-4857-86f2-66933e4c286a
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Complete the following• Symbol Mass # Atomic # #p+ #n0 #e-
• Ag 108
• Ca2+ 29
• 65 30 30
• 1 2 0
• 59 28 26
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Two atoms are walking down the street one day, and one of them says to the other:"Hey, wait up a second. I
think I lost an electron"The first atom replied, "Are
you sure?"The second atom exclaimed,
"Yes, I'm positive!"
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Ionic Charges of Elements• The following families take the following
charges in IONIC COMPOUNDS:• Group 1: +1• Group 2: +2• Group 3A: +3• Group 4A: 4
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Ionic Charges of Elements• Group 5A: -3• Group 6A: -2• Group 7A: -1• Group 8A: 0 *do NOT form
compounds• Groups 3-12 can have different
charges
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Determine the charge the following elements would have when they formed ions.
• 1. Na
• 2. Cl
• 3. S
• 4. P
• 5. Ra
• 6. Ca
• 7. I
• 8. Sr
• 9. Al
• 10. O
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• ION CLASS ACTIVITY… find your two matches!
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Review!• 1. Which of the following are ionic compounds:
• H2O, NaOH, Rb2O, CO2
• 2. What charges would the following have if they became an ion?
• a. Na b. F c. Ca d. Ga e. Ne
• 3. Classify the elements in #2 as metal, nonmetal or metalloids
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Chemical Formulas• Chemical Formulas show the
kinds and number of each atom present in a compound
• The small numbers written below a symbol are called SUBSCRIPTS
• Subscripts show the number of each atom present
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Determine the kinds and number of each atom in the following:
• 1. CO2
• 2. CCl4• 3. MgS
• 4. AlF3
• 5. HCl
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Binary Ionic
Compounds
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Binary Ionic Compounds• A binary ionic compound is an ionic
compound that contains only 2 elements
• Examples:
• NaCl CaF2
• Binary ionic compounds use the ionic charges in order to write correct formulas
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Writing Correct Chemical Formulas for Binary Ionics:
• 1. Determine the charge of each ion
• 2. Crisscross the value associated with the charge to the other atom
• 3. Reduce the subscripts to the lowest possible terms
• 4. Check to make sure that the total charge of the formula adds up to zero
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Example: Write the formula for:
• Magnesium and Chlorine
Mg Cl
MgCl2
-12+
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Write Formulas for the following:
• 1. Mg, P
• 2. Al, S
• 3. K, I
• 4. Sr, O
• 5. Ba, Br
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Naming Ionic Compounds
• 1) Name the metal first
• 2) Name the nonmetal, but change the ending of the nonmetal to “ide.”
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Example
• 1. K3N–Potassium Nitride
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Name the following compounds:
•1. MgCl2•2. Li2O
•3. BaS
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Name the following compounds• 1. MgO
• 2. Rb3N2
• 3. Al2O3
• 4. KBr
• 5. Na2S
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Write Formulas for the following given the names:
• 1. Calcium Chloride• 2. Cesium Oxide• 3. Sodium Fluoride• 4. Aluminum Sulfide• 5. Potassium Nitride
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• QUICK GAME…
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Name the following compounds
• Na2O
• BaBr2
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Write Formulas for when the following elements combine:
• Al, Se
• Li, F
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Name the following compounds
• AlN
• CuF
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Write formulas for the following compounds:
• Lithium Chloride
• Sodium Oxide
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Write formulas for the following compounds:
• Potassium Phosphide
• Strontium Sulfide
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Write Formulas for when the following elements combine:
• Mg, N
• Al, Cl
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Write the correct formula:
• Strontium Sulfide
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• Write the correct formula:
• Potassium Bromide
• Barium Phosphide
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• Write the correct formula for Copper Iodide. Copper loses two electrons.
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• HW… binary compound worksheet.
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Properties of Ionic Compounds
• Visit http://home.carolina.rr.com/bwhitson
• Learn about properties of ionic compounds (click on unit 8 & 9)
• Expected Outcomes:
• 1) describe formation of ionic bond
• 2) knowledge of properties of ionic bonds
• 3) knowledge of metallic bonds & alloys
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KEY PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS• Most are crystalline solids at
room temperature
• High melting points
• Conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water.
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• Time to “bond” with your classmates.
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Polyatomic Ions
• Polyatomic Ions are composed of at least two atoms
• Poly = many ; atomic = atoms
• The atoms function as one unit but have a charge
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Examples of Polyatomic Ions
See EOC reference table
•OH- Hydroxide Ion
•CO32- Carbonate Ion
•NH4+ Ammonium Ion
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Ternary Compounds
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Ternary Compounds• Ternary Ionic Compounds
contain at least 3 different elements
• A ternary compound always contains a polyatomic ion
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Rules for naming ternary compounds
• 1. Name the metal.• 2. Name the polyatomic ion by
looking at the EOC reference table.
• Example: LiNO3
• Lithium Nitrate
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Examples:
• Ca(OH)2
• Calcium Hydroxide
• MgCO3
• Magnesium Carbonate
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Name the following:
• 1. MgSO4
• 2. Na2CO3
• 3. Ba(OH)2
• 4. (NH4)2SO4
• Are these compounds still considered to be ionic?
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NAME THE FOLLOWING compounds. Some are binary, and some are ternary. Hold up your answer on the dry erase boards when you have an answer.
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• 1. Na3N
• 2. Ag2CO3
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• 3. NH4OH
• 4. Cu3PO4
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• 5. SrO
• 6. Ba3P2
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• 7. SrCO3
• 8. (NH4)Cl
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• 9. Na2(SO4)
• 10. MgO
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Ternary Compounds
• Writing formulas for ternary compounds is similar to binary ionic compounds
• Always write the polyatomic ion in parenthesis before crossing the charges
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Example: Write the formula for:
• Magnesium Nitrate
Mg (NO3)
Mg(NO3)2
-12+
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Write Formulas for the following
• 1. Magnesium Sulfate
• 2. Ammonium Chloride
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Write formulas
Sodium Carbonate
Ammonium Phosphate
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Write formulas
• Aluminum Phosphate
• Sodium Sulfide
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• Name the following:
• Ba3P2
• ZnCO3
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• Write formulas for:
• 1. Sodium oxide
• 2. Ammonium sulfide
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Name the following
• (NH4)Cl
• Na3(PO4)
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Write formulas
Potassium hydroxide
Barium Sulfate
Lithium Phosphate
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Name the following
• MgO• Ag2CO3
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• Name the following:
• Na3P
• NH4OH
• Cu3PO4
• FeO
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• CUT AND PASTE TERNARY COMPOUND ACTIVITY!