bonaventure problems on doctrinal development
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2011,American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 85, No. 1
St. Bonaventure and the
Problem of Doctrinal Development
John R. White
Abstract. Te problem o doctrinal development, frst ormulated by John Henry
Newman, is usually assumed to be a distinctly modern theological issue, since itoriginates in modern scholarly history and its application to problems o doctrine.My thesis, in contrast, is that St. Bonaventures theology o history as presentedin his Hexaemeron is also a theory o doctrinal developmentthough it appearssome six hundred years prior to Newmans Essay on the Development of ChristianDoctrine. I begin by discussing the relationship between theology o history anddoctrinal development, rom which I conclude Bonaventures theology o historyis a theory o doctrinal development. Secondly, I discuss Bonaventures theoryand how he uses it to justiy the mendicant and Franciscan ways o lie. Finally,
I develop elements o Cardinal Newmans theory as points or comparison andevaluation o Bonaventures theory.
I.
I
ntroduction. One does not oten see the notion o doctrinal developmentcoupled with the name o a medieval scholastic. Among the reasonsor this is the widely held assumption that the problem o doctrinal
development is only ormulated in the nineteenth century, ater the advent othe academic discipline o history and its application to problems o doctrine.Only then, so it is assumed, could the issues o doctrinal variation clearly comeinto ocus and, only then, would there be a need to posit a theory both explain-ing the nature o doctrinal development and articulating criteria by which to
judge what counts as valid versus invalid development. On this account, then,theories o doctrinal development come out o a set o specialized circumstancesarising rom nineteenth-century scholarship.
However plausible this assumption might seem, I believe St. Bonaventurepresents, at least in a rudimentary orm, what must be understood as a theory odoctrinal development in his Lectures on the Six Days of Creationa text writtensome six hundred years prior to Newmans Essay on the Development of Christian
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly178
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem of Doctrinal Development 179
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly180
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3 (29): 2.6Bd MG, Te Calabrian Abbot: Joachim of Fiore in the History of Western Tought(Nw Yk: MM, 95), 222.
7K Lw,Meaning in History(Cg: Uv Cg, 949), 69.Ibd., 67.9Ibd., 72.
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem of Doctrinal Development 181
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly182
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem o Doctrinal Development 183
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IL: Fs Pss, 2002), xx; s 60.4Js Rzg, Teology of History in St. Bonaventure, s. Zy Hys (Cg:
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem of Doctrinal Development 18
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly18
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem o Doctrinal Development 187
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly188
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem of Doctrinal Development 189
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34
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly190
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem o Doctrinal Development 191
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly192
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem of Doctrinal Development 193
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47Ag Cwk, g ys s , s s ss Nw. Cwk, From Bossuet, 567, 86.
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly194
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8S W, D Dv.C R, T Dv Dg, Teological Investigations, vol. 1:
God, Christ, Mary and Grace, . C E, O.P. (B: H P, 6),378. S . 63. R x C v , g vd dg gg d. M g g fd b Nw.
50O vz , Nw, d w x . S B M, Nw P, Newmanafter a Hundred Years, d. I K d A G. H (Oxd: Cd P, 0), 2236.
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem o Doctrinal Development 19
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s s, x g g, w ks ss s y g.Nw s g y qs xs s , s g.58
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly19
b g A d v, dd v d b d w d .60 A v
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d b , b x d g b d. C, Nw , g, bd g g d, d d, I wd gg, gd q.6 T g, , gg d g b, b v g g , dd wd d d kd z C x v. Tg v d v dd , w dg d d d. T d , Nw k A v wd gz C , d C,b wd g d w d .62
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Wd b f, x, q d d ddg w bg d. Ad q w g Wd, w f, d w b, dq , w gv w. H bd d , d v dd-
g b d .63 Hwv, d v d g d ( d) b dd w qv d.R, Nw zd w gd g , d w d bd d w k d : T C [ ]
60Nw, L Fg, Te Teological Papers of John Henry Newman on Bibli-
cal Inspiration and on Infallibility, d. Dk H (Oxd: Cd P, 7), 568.6Ibd., 58.62Nw g w v d w, , ggd
S. P w kd b I C, P d dd, wd v wd v d w . Ibd., 56.
63Dev., 560.
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem of Doctrinal Development 197
qs s s ss, w, xs s, s sy.64 T s ss,, , Nw, s s ss,
s s s s s, g s y x .I s w g s s y
s g w s ssy s s s -s s s, s s . F s s s ,
Ass y ssss s g . I ss w s , wss ss y ssss Ass s sy C s w, C s meant , s s g ss g sy. I sz s s s ss w sws yg s js w sky Nwss -Ss ws xsy s s s sy gs s- ks positive Cs gg. Ts s ggs w B:
s ssy gw ws. I s gw y Ass, Nws , s y w g . B s - s, y, recovery s s w ws y Jss Ass ws g y ssss y y y g , y . As Gs s : T w y gs Jss; w w w, w s, I ss, w ks w w (J 2:25 JB).
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64I., 45.
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly198
( ). O d, d d g d b d
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d x C Cd d R, d v w v dd dvdw d C, d
w k d , d d wd xdd d; , d, d g d;d g d wd , g d wd b d , d b dd b , b, bg vd d d bd d d g d w w , v qd g d d g d. T b d Teory of Development of Doctrine.66
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem of Doctrinal Development 199
Ts, Nws y s ssy -gy sy, s sss g, s s y
w C s g s s
g ss. S, s ss spositive, y s ys-zs g s g s s sss g, gw sg.68 Fy, ws s s sg s, ws s gw sy ws y C.6H s gy sy , y ss g w sy s, sy w s
w z ssy w g C gws ws.
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w gy sy, js s Bs sw s s.
V.
Conclusion by Way of Comparison and Contrast. My ssss B- Nw s w gs sy w . I s, s -
ssy gs sy, s s ss Cs gg s w ss sg g Jss Cs, s Ss, s sg g . I s, s w s, sg s gg C sss y s y g g sss sy s
s sy sw js w - w s. S
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, ssg s ws s g ss.
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly200
C d v. I g itself C, , g w C dd gw wd. I b Bv d Nw, ,
w d -wd g w d,dd, g w w d Ag g -d v. W Bv Nw wd d d g
w Ag z, b b x g, , gw d x wd C. Ag w d d v, , d C gg, w d ddg v g dv- d df d g x.7
Hwv, Bv d Nw g vk g q d . L w I .
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d , d dv b . T Nw d w d dd d dvd.71 T d d b w dd bvd g d Nw .7
I , Bv d begin w d dv- b requires d dv, d j dd df bw F (d d
d g) d d C vg . Dv b b vd, Bv, b solution w b b, , w j w w F g. Idd, , Bv d Nw- d : g jg g d, dg w w w bv b jd b d, b w db dd x d, jd b T
7A d Nw b d W, D Dv.71Cdwk, From Bossuet, 1434.7Tg d b d Nw Essayphilosophicald
g wk. T , I , b k d, d v.
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St. Bonaventure and the Problem of Doctrinal Development 201
S kw g s w Cs . Ts , B, s s y s js s .
A s gs ss . B s gy s, sys ss . Hs s sy s s sys ws sy y yg s Fs . Bs
wy g s y wg w sg sy. Hs yss s s gy s, s s s x y ss s s ss O Nw s y sw sy s s gg C.F, Bs s ss y ss O Nw s s s s s ,g g S.73
I s s B, Nws y - s s ss s. Nw s s y y wy sg s s s. B s yss s () s : s sk
y s s w y s s x s g, yss y. T s s sy sg w y s s gs -, -Cs, -ss g Nws zg,74 ws Bss y k y, g Ass, Js. Nws y, s Bs, s s - Cs sss s s
s w s s As .Ts ss gg js w Nws y s
s Bs. T k s ss s y, sss sg Cs , ssg S. Fs s O B s s- s w ss y s
73Bs Bs gy s , s s
w y s q y g ss. C, .g., KR, T D Dg, 394, w y s s y s.
74Tg xs Nw w sggs wk A-Cs sssy sg g g . S G B, Newman onTradition, s. K Sy (Nw Yk: H H, 967), s. 358.
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American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly202
bgg b b w d g db. P wd b dv b g d g b 197
vd d C LA b d d : g g , Bv g g F ,b jd b d b dd x d, b g v ggd. I , Bv wg v d v v d dv .
Cv, Nw q d g: d k w w b j xg . I d vg bd g b x w d C. N Nw g dd g wk g b d dv. Cd Bv , Nw x . Idd, b Bv Nw, g g b w g w g C g w , Nw d b dd b g g d
, w dv D C, S. Bv, d d v b d b d g C Nw wd k v d.
I , w g d g df. Tg - , vg v d g q w. I , d Bv d Nw dd d v v d
v v d dv d bw d g v v d -, T S. B w v dk, Bv d d dv-, dg vb ddg ddv g, d wd-gg .75
Franciscan University of SteubenvilleSteubenville, Ohio
75I wd k k N I Nw Sd Pbg, PA, wdg w 8, w dd b d d .