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IEEE Clreuil. and Systems Magazine (lSSN 15314:i36X)(1CDMEN)15 publlshed quarterly by the Instltute 01 Elec~.rlcal and Electronlcs Englneers, Inc. Headquarters: 3Park Avenue. 17th FlOOf.New York. NY. 10016-5997 USA.Responslbllity for the contents rests upon the authors andnot upon the IEEE, the Society. or Its members. IEEE Ser-vice Center (for orders. subscrtptlons, address changes):445 Hoes lane, Plscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Telephone:+1 732981 0060. +1 800 678 4333. Individual copies: IEEEmembers $20.00 (flrsl copy ooly), nonmembers $128.00per copy; S7.00 per member per year (lncluded In Socletyfee) for each member al the IEEEClrcults and Systems Soci-ety. Subscrlptlon fates avallable upon request. Copyrightand Reprint Permission: Abstractlng Is permitted wlthcredlt lo the source. Ubrarles are permUted lo photocopybeyond the IImits of the U.s.Copyrightlawlor prlvateuseal patrons: 1) those post-1977 artlcles that carry acodeat the boUom 01 the first page. provided lhe per<opy leeIndicated In the code Is pald through the Copyright Clear-ance Center. 222 Rosewood Drlve. Danvers. MA01923; and2) pre-1978 artlcles wllhout lee. For other copying. reprlnt.or republlcation permlssion. wrlte to: Copyrlghts andPermissions Department. IEEE Service Center. 44S HoesLane. Piscataway. NJ 08854 USA. Copyright e 2011 by IheInsUtute 01 Electrlcal and Electronlcs Fngineers. Ine. AJIrlghts reserved. Perlodlcals postage paid at New York. NY.and at addlUonal mailing oUlces. Postmaster: Send addresschanges to IEEEClrcuits and Systems Magazine. IEEE Oper-ations Center. 445 Hoes Lane. Piscalaway. NJ. 08854 USAPrinted in U.SA

Digital Object /dentifier 1O./109/MCA5.20//.942749

FOURTH OUARTER 2011

24

CircuitsandSystem~

Volume 11,Number 4 Fourth Quarter 2011

8Exploiting the Body of MOSDevicesfor High Performance Analog DesignPietroMonsurro,SalvatorePennisi,GiuseppeScotti,andAlessandroTrifilettiWith the progressive reduction of MOS transistors minimum dimension andtheir associated supply voltages, the body terminal-considered in the past asan exclusive source of unwanted second order effects-has been advantageouslyexploited by digital designers and is also becoming an attractive opportunity forthe implementation of highperformance analog integrated circuits. In this paper,we willdiscuss some techniques that can be applied to many conventional analogbuilding blocks in order to improve their performance (such as gain and linear-ity) and/or decreasing their supply demandoExperimental prototypes have beenimplemented and tested, showing that the proposed techniques are promisingcandidates for enhanced analog ICdesign in nanoscale technologies.

Architecture Optimizations for the RSAPublic Key Cryptosystem: A TutorialAaronE.CahenandKeshabK.ParhiThe Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA)cryptosystem, named after its creators, isone of the most popular public key cryptosystems. The RSA cryptosystem hasbeen utilized for e-commerce, various forms of authentication, and virtual privatenetworks. The importance of high security and faster implementations paved theway for RSA crypto-accelerators, hardware implementations of the RSA algo-rithm. This work consists of describing various approaches to implementing RSAcrypto-accelerators based on the "textbook" version of the RSA cryptosystemand comparing their area requirements. Manyof the techniques described herehave applications elsewhere such as in digital signal processing and error cor-recting codesoThis paper presents the four fundamental architectures: the bit-serial squaring architecture, two bit-serial systolic array modular multiplicationarchitectures, and the interleaved.modular multiplication architecture.

IEEECIRCUITSANDSYSTEMSMAGAZINE

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Coiñcompe,p'Oüte rI

w. eompu te,.o, g le om pute,

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.." ABDUTTHISISSUE1- T he essence of the codesign challenge for exascale

37 Codesign Challenges forsystemsis to use the keydesign criteriaof embed- Exascale Systems: Performance,

Z ded systems-cost and power consumption-while Power, and Reliability -f

.....creating systems that are useful and effectiveover the Darren J. Kerbyson,AbhinavVishnu,broad range of applicationsneeded to advance science. KevinJ. Barker,and AdolfyHoisie ..1- Thecoverfeaturesinthisspecialissuehavebeen selected Thecomplexityoflarge-scaleparallelsystems

:z to cover a cross-sectionof the codesign space and the necessitatesthe simultaneousoptimizationofrelevantconcernsand challenges. multiplehardwareand softwarecomponentsto

e meet performance,efficiency,and fault-tolerance ICDVERFEATURES

goals.AcodesignmethodologyusingmodeJingU can benefitsystemson the path to exascale .\

6UESTEDITORS'INTRDDUCTIDN computing.

19 Codesign for Systems andApplications: Charting the CDMPUTINGPRACTICESPath to Exascale Computing 44 The iPlant Collaborative:VladimirGetov,AdolfyHoisie, Cyberinfrastructure to Feed

I

and Harvey J. Wasserman the WorldThe dock speed benefits of Moore's law have Dan Stanzioneended, and researchers must codesign future

As plant biology becomes a data-driven science,I

exascale HPCsystems and applicationsconcurrently in an integrated manner to new computing technologies are needed to I

address many formidable challenges. The iPlant.k

achieve higher performance under stringent I

power and reliabilityconstraints. Collaborative provides cyberinfrastructure forI

researchersand developersto collaboratein \22 creatingbetter tools,workflows,algorithms,and

Rethinking Hardware-Software ontologies. fCodesign for Exascale SystemsJohn Shalf, Dan Quinlan,

\

and Curtis JanssenPERSPECTIVES

The USDepartment of Energy's exascale 53. Defending against Buffer- .computinginitiativehas identifiedhardware- Overflow Vulnerabilities Isoftware codesign as a central strategy in Bindu Madhavi Padmanabhuniachieving more agile hardware development.

I

and HeeBeng KuanTanHardware simulation and code analysis tools (that facilitatedeeper collaborationbetween Asurveyof techniques ranging from static !hardware architects and application teams will analysis to hardware modification describes how

be an essential component of the codesign , various defensive approaches protect againstI

process. -buffer overflow,a vulnerability that represents asevere security threat. I

31 Codesign for InfiniBandI

Q Clusters RESEARCHFEATURESayantanSur,SreeramPotluri, 61 AIgorithmic Thading

rKrishnaKandalla,HariSubramoni, I

Dhabaleswar K.Panda, and KarenTomko Giuseppe Nuti, Mahnoosh Mirghaemi, Philip \Codesigningapplicationsand communication

Treleaven,and ChaiyakornYingsaereeI

libraries to leverage underlying network Traders increasingly use automated systems for

features is imperative for achieving optimal one or more stages of the trading process, yet !

performance on modern computing clusters... the secrecy and complexity of the algorithms I

prompt providing an overview of how these

lsystems work.I

I

Formore information on computing topies, visitthe ComputerSocietyDigitallibrary at www.computer.orglcsdl.I

f

Reuse Rights and Reprint Permissions: Educational or personal use of this materialis permitted without fee. provided such use: 1) is not made for profit: 2) includesthis notice and a full citation to the original work on the first page of the copy:

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6(j

The Known WorldThe Honest Give-and-TakeDavid Alan Grier

9 32 & 16 Years AgoComputer,November 1979and 1995Neville Holmes

NEWS11 Technology News

Turning on the Lights for WirelessCommunicationsLee Garber

15 News BriefsLee Garber

MEMBERSHIPNEWS

70 IEEE Computer SocietyConnection

73 Call and Calendar

CDLUMNS75 Green IT

End-to-End Energy ManagementYung-Hsiang Lu, Qinru Qiu, AIiR.Butt,and Kirk w. Cameron

79 Identity SciencesHuman EarRecognitionArun Ross and Ayman Abaza

ÓSee www.computer.org/computer-multimedia for multimedia contentrelated to the features in this issue.

IEEEter~comp~oclety

Flagship Publication of the IEEEComputer Society

83 Industry PerspectiveOpportunities in the Mobile Search Market

José Luis Gómez-Barroso, Claudio Feijóo,and Ramón Compañó

87 Hard IssuesIf Anything in This Life 15Certain,It's That You Can KillAny ISA

Shubu Mukherjee

90 Social ComputingCrowdsourcing MapsMikhil Masli

112 The ProfessionAutomated Personal AssistantsKai A. Olsen and Alessio Malizia

DEPARTMENTS4

7894

EIsewhere in the eseomputer Society Informationeareer Opportunities

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November/December 2011 . Volume 31, Number 6 . Published by the IEEEComputer Society

ThemeArticles

Digital-Content Authoring16 Guest Editors' Introduction

TakeoIgarashi and RadomírMéeh

24 NaturaSketch: Modeling from Imagesand Natural SketchesLukeOlsen.FaramarzF. Samavati, andJoaquimA.Jorge

NaturaSketch lets users create digital sketches using

natural, freehand strokes-similar to sketching with

a pencil and paper. Users can apply multiple strokes

orees! Cover ort: Event Schematic, @2011 Debí Peralto

that overlap, cross, and connect. A meshing algorithm

supports multiple strokes of different classifications,

which lets users design complex 3D shapes from

sketches drawn over existing images.

35 Large-Scale Physics-Based TerrainEditingJuraj Vanek.Bedfich Benes.Adam Herout. andOndfej Stava

Most terrain modelers fail on large-scale phenomena and

focus only on limited effects. An intuitive physics-based

system can process terrain sizes that weren't possible

with previous approaches.

45 A Behavior-Authoring Framework forMultiactor Simulations

MubbasirKapadia,ShawnSingh.GlennReinman.andPetrosFaloutsos

Authoring complicated multiactor interactions in virtual

worlds is challenging. This proposed approach employs

a multiagent planner to balance control flexibility and

automation.

56 Photosketcher: Interactive Sketch-Based Image Synthesis

Mathias Eitz, Ronald Richter, Kristian Hildebrand,TamyBoubekeur.and MareAlexa

Photosketcher synthesizes novel images, using only

sparse user sketches as input. Whereas all photo sketch

systems aim to synthesize realistic novel photographs,

Photosketcher is the first to interactively work with large

collections of untagged images.

Theme Tutorial

18 Curve-Based Shape Modeling-a TutorialPushkarJoshi

This tutorial provides an introduction to curve-based

modeling of 3D shapes. It describes methods that

represent the three main approaches in curve-based

modeling: extruding 2D shapes, inflating 2D shapes,

and drawing 3D curves.

ISSN 0272-1716

~Pri"'''''thInkscontalnln¡SO)'andJorve¡etableolls (~

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FeatureArticle

68 Nonplnhole Approxlmatlons forInteractlve RenderlngPaulRasen,VaicuPapescu,KyleHayward,andChrisWyman

Orthographic or perspective imagesare often used to

approximate geometry. Theseapproximations capture

only what's visible from one direction or viewpoint.

Nonpinhole camerascan improve approximation quality

at little additional costoAproposed nonpinhole camera

demonstrates these advantagesby way of reflections,

refractions,relief texture mapping, and ambient occlusion.

Departments

3 Fromthe EditorA New Department and a PanelDlscusslonGabrielTaubin

4 About the CoverHer Own Virtual Gallery of ArtGary Singh

6 VisualizationViewpointsToward a General l/O Layer forParallel-Vlsuallzatlon AppllcatlonsWesley Kendall, fian Huang, Tam Peterka, RabertLatham, and Rabert Rass

11 Graphically SpeakingTreevls.net:A Tree Vlsuallzatlon Reference

Hans-forgSchulz

84 Graphics Math & Code3D RotatlonsGabriel Taubin

90 ApplicationsModellng Neck and Braln Injuries inInfantsErnesto Pance and Daniel Pance

http://www.computer.org/cga

Insideback .

cover Advanced GraphlcsTechnology

IEEEComputer Society Information, p. 66

Advertiser /Product Index, p. 89

CG&A'sAnnuallndex for 2011 is availableonline at www.computer.org/cga/11 index

For more information on computing topies, visit theComputer Society Digital Library at www.computer.org/csdl.

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SEMANTICS IN LOCATION-BASED SERVICES

10 Guest Editor's Introduction ALSO IN THIS ISSUESergio lIarri, Arantza lIIarramendi, Eduardo Mena,and Amit Sheth

15 Semantic Traffic~AwareRoutingUsing the LarKCPlatform

Virtual World Architectures

40 A Semantic Approach to Virtual WorldStandard s

David J.H. Burden

Emanuele Della Valle, Irene Celino, Daniele Dell'Aglio,Ralph Grothmann, Florian Steinke, and Volker Tresp

44 Learhing a Foreign Language in aMixed~RealityEnvironment

24 A Framework for Integrating, Exploring,and Searching Location-Based Web Data

María Blanca Ibáñez, Carlos Delgado Kloos, Derick Leony,José Jesús García Rueda, and David Maroto

Alessandro Bozzon, Marco Brambilla, Stefano Ceri,and Silvia Quarteroni

Video Transport

48 Toward Lossless Video Transport

32 Mobile Querying of Online Semantic WebData for Context-Aware Applications

John Evans, Ali C. Begen, Jason Greengrass,and Clarence Filsfils

For more informatian on these or any other computingtopies, please visit the IEEEComputer Society DigitalLibrary at www.eomputer.org/publications/dlib.

Home Networks

58 A Semantically Enhanced UPnP ControlPoint for Sharing Multimedia Content

William Van Woensel, Sven Casteleyn, Elien Paret,and alga De Troyer

Mariano Rico, Oscar Corcho, Víctor Méndez,and José Manuel Gómez-Pérez

Publishedbythe IEEEComputerSoeietyhttp://www.eomputer.org/miero ...,

September/Oetober 2011 Volume31Number5

Features

4 Guest Editor's Introduction: CPUs, GPUs,and Hybrid ComputingDavid Brooks

7 GPUs and the Future of Parallel ComputingStephenW Keckler,WilliamJ Dally, BrucekKhailany,MichaelGarland,and David Glasco

18 Multi-GPU DGEMM and High PerformanceLinpack on Highly Energy-Efficient ClustersDavid Rohr,MatthiasBach,Matthias Kretz,and VolkerLindenstruth

28 PEPPHER: Efficient and Productive Usageof Hybrid Computing Systems

SiegfriedBenkner, Sabri Pllana, JesperLarssonTrdffPhilippas Tsigas,Uwe Dolinsky, CédricAugonnet,BeverlyBachmayer,Christoph Kessler,David Moloney,and Vitaly Osipov

42 Implementing Domain-Specific Languagesfor Heterogeneous Parallel Computing

HyoukJoongLee,Kevin J Brown, Arvind K Sujeeth,Hassan Chafi, Kunle Olukotun, Tiark Romp¡;and Martin Odersky

54 Medical Ultrasound Imaging: To GPU or Notto GPU?

Hayden K-H So,Junying Chen, Billy Y.S. Yiu,and Alfred C.H Yu

66 Performance Implications of Nonuniform DeviceTopologies in Scalable Heterogeneous Architectures

JeremyS. Meredith, Philip C. Roth, Kyle 1. Spafford,and Jeffrey S. Vetter

Departments2 From the Editor in Chief

CPUs and GPUs: Who Owns che Fucure?

76 Micro ReviewEffeccive Communicacion

80 Micro EconomicsThe Wi-Fi Journey

Compucer Socieey lnformacion, p.Advercising/Producc lndex, p. 75

Cover artwork by Peter Nagypeternagy@earthlink.net

On the Webwww.computer.org/micro

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Volume 12 . Number 7 . December 2011 5upplement . 155N 1527-3342

The Head of the ClassPoweramplifiersfor wirelessand radio applicationsMurat Eron, Burnman Kim, Frederick Raab, Robert Caverly,and Joseph Staudinger

No Strings AttachedSmart bioinstruments

Mohamed Mahfouz, Gary To, and Michael Kuhn

Where Is the Tag?History, modern concepts,and applications of locatable RFIDsRobert Miesen, Randolf Ebelt, Fabian Kirsch, Tobias Schafer,

Gang Li, Haowei Wang, and Martin Vossiek

Power Without WiresWireless power transmission-past, present, and futureNaoki Shinohara

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and Technology+1 303 497 3652

microwave.editor@ieee.orgAssistant EditorSharri ShawNational Institute of Standards

and Technology+1 3034974923microedt@nist.govArea Editors

e-NewsletterTakao InoueNational Instrumentsmicrowave.e-news@ieee.orgMicroBusinessFred SchindlerRF Micro Devicesm.schindler@ieee.orgBooklSoftware Reviews

Alfy RiddleMI A-COM Technology Solutionsariddle@ieee.org

RecentIy Published BooksMadhu GuptaSan Diego State Universitym.gupta@ieee.orgM1T WorldPilar Molina GaudoUniversity of Zaragoza (Spain)pmolina@ieee.orgLoose FeaturesRobert H. CaverlyVillanova Universityrobert.caverly@Villanova.eduNew ProductsMichael MajerusFreescale Semiconductormicrowave.newproducts@ieee.orgIn MemoriamJerry HausnerElectro Science Technologiesjhausner@aol.com

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Volume 12 . Number 7 . December 2011 . ISSN 1527-3342

MAGAZINEfar Ihe Microwave & Wirefess Engineer

'fucused issuefeatures

42 Integrationfor AII ConfigurationsDense carbon nanotube arrays for advanced interconnects and

novel radio-frequency functionality in CM OS back-end-of-lineAdrian M. Ionescu,JeanDijon, and John Robertson

5 1 Nanofibers for RF and BeyondBroadbandmetrologyof nanofibersto enableRF interconnectsT. Mitch Wallis, Kichul Kim, Dejan S. Filipovic, and Pavel Kabos

62 Polymers for RF AppsAdvanced polymers for RF packaging applicationsMadhavan Swaminathan, Venky Sundararn,

John Papapolyrnerou, and P.Markondeya Raj

features

78 MicrowaveImagingfor Breast CancerMicrowavenear-fieldimagingof huínantissue:Challenges,hopes,outIookNataliaK. Nikolova

on the cover:CiSTOCKPHOTO.COMIRYCCIO

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VOLUME5 NUMBER4 DECEMBER2011

MAGAZINEFor the 21st.Century Technologists

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December2011Volume5Number4

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The Editor'sDesk

ConferenceReview

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ONTHECOVER-Japanis homelo manynew

nanolechnologyinilialivesandpolicies.

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For the 21st Century Technofogists

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SeieneeandTechnolonPoliev 4Japan)s R&D strategy on nanotechnology.

TOSHIOBABA

NewResearcblromanOldcapbal 10J(yotocontinues to serveasa center of

tradition and innovation.KAZUMI MATSUSHIGE

TheBeallsOn:OrapbeneApplications15Thermal manag8ment of nanoelectronics- and 3-D electronics.

ALEXANDERA. BALANDIN

DECEMBER20111IEEENANOTECHNOLOGYMAGAZINE11

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NOVEMBER/DECEMBER2011 WWW.COMPUTER.ORG/SOFTWARE

Climate Change: Science and Software

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FOCUSCLIMATE CHANGE:SCIENCE AND SOFTWARE

32 Climate Change: Science and SoftwareGuest Editors' IntroductionSteveM.Easterbrook, Paul N. Edwards,Venkatramani Balaji,and Reinhard Budich

36 Clear Climate Code: RewritingLegacy Science Software for ClarityNick Barnes and David Jones

43 Managing Software Complexityand Variability in Coupled Climate ModelsSpencerRugaber, Rocky Dunlap, Leo Mark,and SameerAnsari

49 Software Testing and Verificationin Climate Model DevelopmentThomas L. Clune and Richard B. Rood

56 Enabling Open DevelopmentMethodologies in Climate ChangeAssessment ModelingJoshua Introne, Robert Laubacher, and Thomas Malone

62 Point/CounterpointOpen Source ClimateModel Development Is Worth ItIsaac Held

Should Climate Models Be Open Source?David Randall

FEATURES

66 Pattern-Based Architecture ReviewsNeilB.Harrisonand ParisAvgeriou

72 Using Guidelines to Improve Qualityin Software Nonfunctional AttributesMalik Hneif and Sai Peck Lee

78 SASSY: A Framework

for Self-ArchitectingService-Oriented SystemsDanielA.Menascé,HassanGomaa,Sam Malek, and Joao P.Sousa

86 Verification and Validationfor Trustworthy Software SystemsJamesBret Michael, Doron Drusinsky,Thomas W. Otani, and Man-Tak Shing

INSIGHTS

9 What an Agile Architect Can Learnfrom a:Hurricane MeteorologistEric Richardson

Building the Community oí Leading Software Practitioners

www.computer.org/software

DEPARTMENTS

4 From the EditorAssuring the Future?A Look at ValidatingClimate Model SoftwareForrest Shull

13 Software TechnologyReengineeringTechnologiesRicardo Pérez-Castillo,Ignacio García-Rodriguez de Guzmán,Mario Piattini, and Christof Ebert

18 On ArchitectureThe Architecture of Small ThingsGrady Booch

20 ViewpointsFrom Programming to Modeling-and Back AgainMarkusVolter

26 Tools of the TradeLessons from SpaceDiomidis Spinellis and Henry Spencer

MISCELLANEOUS

Inside How to Reach UsFrontCover

31 Call for Papers: MobileSoftware Development

99 Advertiser Information

~ CertifiedFiberfg~l~f~~BLESourcingINITIATlVE www,sfiprogram,org ~Prlnted wlth

Inb contalnlngsoyandforvegetable 011$

29 The Pragmatic ArchitectTo Pay or Not to PayTechnical DebtFrank Buschmann

93Impact

10 MLOC in Your Office CopierYukiTsuchitoiand HidekiSugiura

96 Voice of EvidenceDeveloping Fault-PredictionModels: What the ResearchCan Show IndustryTracy Hall, Sarah Beecham,David Bowes,David Gray,and SteveCounsell

100 RequirementsThe Inhibited AnalystNeilMaiden

104 Sounding Board,All Late Projects Are the SllmeTomDeMarco

99 Call for Papers:Lean Software Development

102 IEEEComputer SocietyInformation

Online 2011 Annual Index:www.computer.org/software/llindex

Q For more information on eomputingtopies, visit the Computer Soeiety DigitalLibrary at www.eomputer.org/esdl.

EDITOR IN CHIEFForrestShull

fshull@compuler.orgEDITOR IN CHIEF EMERITUS:

Hakan Erdogmus,KalemunResearch

ASSOCIATEEDITOR S IN CHIEF

ComputingNow:MaurizioMorisio,PolilecnicodiTorino;maurizio,morisio@polito.it

Design/Architecture:UweZdun,University01Vienna;uwe,zdun@univie,ac,at

DevelopmentInfrastructuresandTools:ThomasZimmermann,MicrosoftResearch;

tzimmer@microsolt.com

DistributedandEnterpriseSoftware:JohnGrundy,SwinburneUniversity01Technology;

john-g@cs,auckland,ac,nz

EmpiricalStudies:TOleDyba,SINTEF;Tore,Dyba@sintef.no,

InsightsandExperienceReports:linda Rising,consultant;Iinda@lindarising,org

HumanandSocialAspeets:Margaret-Anne(Peggy)Storey,University01Victoria,

Canada;mstorey@uvic,ca

Management:JohnFavaro,Intecs;john@lavaro,net

ProgrammingLanguagesandParadigms:LaurenceTratt,King'sCollegeLondon;laurie@tratt.net

Proeesses:WollgangStrigel,consultant;strigel@qalabs,com

Quality:AnnieCombelles,DNv/Q-Labs;annie,combelles@dnv,com

Requirements:NeilMaiden,CityUniversityLondon;cc559@soi.city,ac,uk

JaneCleland-Huang,DePaulUniversity;jhuang@cti,depaul.edu

DEPARTMENT EDITORS

Bookshelf:Art Sedighi,SoftModuleImpact:MichielvanGenuchten,

OpenDigitalDentistry

LesHatton,KingstonUniversityOnArehitecture:GradyBooch,IBMResearch

PragmaticArchitect:FrankBuschmann,Siemens

Requirements:NeilMaiden,CityUniversityLondon

SoftwareTeehnology:ChristolEbert,VectorSoundingBoard:PhilippeKruchten,

University01British Columbia

Toolsof theTrade:DiomidisSpinellis,AthensUniversity01EconomicsandBusiness

Voieeof Evidence:ToreDyba.SINTEFHelenSharp,TheOpenUniversity

ADVISORY BOARDFrances Paulisch,Siemens (Chair)

Pekka Abrahamsson, FreeUniversity01Bozen-Bolzano

Ayse Basar Bener, RyersonUniversity

Jan Bosch, ChalmersUniv,01Technology

Taku Fujii,Osaka GasInlormation

System Research Institute

Robert L. Glass,Computing Trends

Kevlin Henney,consultant

Gregor Hohpe, Google

Dorothy McKinney,Lockhead Martin Space Systems

Grigori Melnik, Microsoft

Ipek Ozkaya,Software EngineeringInstitute

Wollgang Strigel, consultant

Douglas R. Vogel,City Univ,01Hong Kong

Markus Volter, consultant

RebeccaWirls-Brock, Wirls-Brock Associates

DECEMBER 2011

VOLUME 6 NUMBER 4

www.vtsociety.org

A Hybrid City Car,

pp. 24-37

Coherent VersusNoncoherent,pp.38-48

WIMAX and

Bluetooth,pp. 6~7

Cover ¡mage credit-@Digital Stock

FEA TURES

16 Design of Low-Density Parity-Check CodesAn Overview

NicholasBonello,Sheng Chen,andLajosHanzo

24 A Hybrid City CarPrototype by ENEA for Urban MobilityEnnio Rossi and Carlo Vil/ante

38 CoherentVersusNoncoherentLinear Dispersion Space-Time CodesNan Wu,ShinyaSugiura,and LajosHanzo

49 An Opened Eye on YouStealthy Video Capturer .Nan Xu, Weijia Jia, Yisha Luo, Fan Zhang,Dong Xuan, and Jin Teng

60 WIMAX.and BluetoothColocated Coexistence in a Mobile Handset

Wonyong Yoon

68 AutomotiveShiftMagnetic Field Modeling of Cylindrical Permanent MagnetXiaocuiZhou, WeiSun, GuoruiZhao, and Yu Wang

Digital Object /dentifier /O.//09/MVT.20//.942804

DECEMBER2011 I IEEEVEHICULAR1ECHNOLOGYMAGAZINE 1111

IEEE Antennas&Propagation

@ + IEEE MagazineVolume 53, No. 4, August 2011 www.ieeeaps.org (ISSN 1045-9243)

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Table of ContentsFeature Articles

Photoresist-Based Polymer Resonator Antennas: Lithography Fabrication, Strip-Fed Excitation, and Multimode OperationAtabak Rashidian, DavidM.Klymyshyn, Mohammadreza TayfehAligodarz,MartinBoemer, and Jürgen Mohr 16

Coherence, Compressive Sensing, and Random Sensor ArraysLawreneeCarin,DehongL/u,andBin Guo 28

Radio-Electric Validation of an Electronic Cowbell Based on ZigBee TechnologyJ. A. Gay-Fernández, ,. Cuiñas, M. G. Sánchez, and A. \1.Alejos 40

Design of an Edge-Coupled Dual-Ring Split-Ring ResonatorAnju Pradeep, S. Mridula, and P. Mohanan 45

Low-Cost Procedure for Radar-Imaging SimulationM.G.Araujo,J. L. Rodriguez,J. M. Taboada,F.Obelleiroandl. Gareia-Tuñon 55

Compact Circularly Polarized Symmetric-Slit Microstrip AntennasNasimuddin,X.Qing,andZ.N.Chen 63

Comparison of 1.8 GHz Cellular Outdoor Measurements with AWAS Electromagnetic Code andConventional Models Over Urban and Suburban Regions of Northern IndiaM. V.S.N.Prasad,SaurabhGupta,andM.M. Gupta 76

Also in this Issue Departments (Cont'd)ChangeofAddress 27 EtCetera- AkgOl 150In Memqriam: Man Fai Wong 145 Meetings and Symposia - Wasky 154FelsenAward 247 ShortCourses- Wasky 158iWAT2011 241 Lettersto the Editor 160

EducationColumn- Kelley 178Departments HiddenWord- Gardiol 202Editor'sComments- Stone 8 EthicallySpeaking- Haupt 204President's Message - Salazar-Palma 8 Intellectual Property and Patent Abstracts - Henderson 207AP-SChapterNews- Shen 86 WireleesComer- Rajo-Iglesias 216Antenna Designer's Notebook - MiIIigan 94 IEEE-USA 226Measurements Comer - Fiseher and LaHaie 103 AMTA Comer - Schneider and Kemp 230ReviewsandAbstracts- Weile 113 HistoricalComer- Pelosi 248EM Programmer's Notebook - Davidson 118 Testing Ourselves - Sevgi 251AP-S Turnstile - 8ansal 146 Antenna Applications Comer - Rao and Kralovec 262

Cover: The two-dimensional normalized top, side, and frontal projections of an F18's fjJfjJradar cross section for frontal incidence at 1 GHzwith a resolution of one-half wavelength. See the feature article by M.G. Araujo, J. L. Rodriguez, J. M.Taboada, F. Obelleiro, and l. Garcia-Tuñon.

Address editorial correspondence to the Editor-in-Chief, W. Ross Stone, Stoneware Limited, 840 Armada Terrace, San Diego,CA 92106 USA; Tel: +1 (619) 222-1915; Fax: +1 (619) 222-1606; E-mail: r.stone@ieee.org.

The IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine (ISSNI045-9243) is'published bimonthly beginning in February of each yearby the Antennas and Propagation Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. It is mailed at the end ofthe month of issue. IEEE Headquarters: 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08855-1331 USA, Tel: +1 (800) 678-4333, +1 (732)981-0060; Fax: +1 (732) 981-9667; E-mail: customerservice@ieee.org. $6.00 per member per year included in Society feesis paid as the subscription price. The Magazine is the successor publication to the IEEE Antennas and Propagation SocietyNewsletter. The Newsletter carried volume numbers 1 through 31, enping with December, 1989; the Magazine began withvolume number 32 in 1990.Institutional and non-member subscriptions: Institutions and individuals who are not members ofthe IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society may subscribe to the Magazine: see the current IEEE subscription price list at http://www.ieee.orglpublications_standards/publications/subscriptions/info/subpricelist.html. or contact Customer Service.

Copyright and reprint permissions: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source: Instructors are permitted to photocopyisolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee and with credit to the source, in accordance with the "fair use"doctrine of US and intemational copyright laws. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of the copyright lawfor the private use ofpatrons 1) those post-1977 articles that carry acode at the bottom ofthe first page, provided the per-copyfee indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970 USA; and 2)pre-1978 articles without fee. Contact the Editor-in-Chief regarding reprinting by other IEEE publications and other publications.For all other copying, reprinting, conversion into electronically-readable form, or republication permission, write to Copyrightsand Permissions Department, IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08855-1331 USA. Copyright @2011TheInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., acting as agent and trustee for the Antennas and Propagation Society. AlIrights reserved. Printed in USA. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Sendaddress changes to Antennas and Propagation Magazine Address Change at the IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331USA.

- IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 53, No. 4, August 2011 3

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ELECTRICALINSULATIONINovember/December 2011 A Publicationof the Dielectrics &Electricallnsulation Society

FEATURE ARTICLES

8 Partial Discharge lnfluence on Dissipation FactorValues During Stator-Bar Testing

Alfredo Contin and Hugh ZhuThe article investigates how partial discharge activity can influence dissipationfactor values in stator-bar testing.

15 Power Transformer End-of-Life Assessment-PracanaCase Study

M.Augusta Martins, Mónica Fialho, Jorge Martins,Mário Soares, Maria Cristina, R. Castro Lopes, andHugo M.R. CampeloThe article describes a cost-benefit methodology that is useful to asset managerswhen making decisions to replace or refurbish power transformers.

27 On-Load Tap Changer Diagnosis-An Off-LineMethod for Detecting Degradation and Defects: Part 2

Jur J. Erbrink, Edward Gulski, Johan J. Smit, ROryLeich,Ben Quak, and Ryszard A. MalewskiInterpretation of dynarnic resistance measurements on on-Ioad tap changersmade directly after regular maintenance can prevent transformer failure.

37 Effect of Limiting Airflow in Mitigating Combu~tion-Driven Manhole Events

LilyZhang, Steven A. Boggs, and George MurrayLimiting oxygen flow in secondary cable duct can mitigate combustion-drivenmanhole events.

Cover Photo:

Dismantling of a 150-kV transformer, described in the article starting on page15, a rare opportunity to assess the aging of a transformer that has reached itsend of life.

November/December - Vol.27, No. 6

PEPAIITIUT,

4 EditorialSimoll Rowland

6 From theEdito.rs' DeskEd Cherney,Robert Fleming,and Louise Audrieth

45 DEIS News

46 NewsFromJapany.Ohki

48 Book ReviewsJohn J. Shea

54 Meetings CalendarResi Zarb

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