1. THE BOER WARS By: Austin Hennings

2. Background First Boer War 1880 1881 Transvaal Rebellion Second Boer War 1899 1902 Also known as The South African War 3. Whats in a Name? British Boer Wars Boers Wars of Independence Afrikaners Anglo Boer Wars 4. Boer Defined Boer Dutch and Afrikkan word for farmer 1835 1845 15,000 Voortrekkers moved out of Cape Colony across the Orange river into the interior of South Africa Formed 2 Republics Transvaal Orange Free State Lifestyle Pre-Capitalist society Stock Farmed Pre-Gold Rush 5. Causes Scramble for Africa 1870s European powers attempt to colonize British Involvement Late 19th century Stronghold Unbroken Line Britain wanted unbroken territory from North to South Africa 6. First Boer War (1880 -1881) Boer People Opposed British Rule Government of Transvaal was in trouble Passive diplomacy 1880 British upheld annexation turned to armed resistance Boer Army Commando, Guerilla like warfare build on speed and precision Citizen Army No Uniforms worn Unpaid Service 7. Continued Results Boers 1 death 6 wounded British 87 men and 5 officers dead 123 men wounded 50 prisoners of war What happened Pretoria Convention August 3, 1881 kept Transvaal under British suzerainty Left Farmers Alone London Convention February 27, 1884 granted full independence to Transvaal 8. Between Wars Gold Discovered 1886 on the Witwatersrand Made Transvaal potentially threat to British British settlers began to arrive and work in the mines Cecil Rhodes Prime Minister of the Cape Colony Attempted to overthrow Transvaal Government in 1896 (Failed) Thus Afrikaner Nationalism grew Alliance Formed Between Orange Free State and Transvaal Multiple Takes on Alliance 9. Causes Part II Boer Reasons Protect their way of life (rich history) Resisted British Laws including anti-slavery Didnt grant rights to British coming into country British Reasons Continued attempts to conquer Boers Encouraged settlers to move to Boer Republics British didnt want Boers to grow into an Enemy Steps toward war British demanded rights, Boer President Paul Kruger presented Ultimatum but both sides disagreed October 11, 1899 war broke out Orange Free State joined Transvaal in compliance with their alliance 10. Second Boer War (1899 -1902) Boers Started off strong (advanced weaponry from Germans) After Numbers became to much began Guerilla style warfare British Overtook Orange Free State in a matter of months (1900) Other wins followed Scorched Earth tactic Had troops from Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and India Prepared their forces for World War One Casualties British 22,000 men lost (13,000 from disease) Boers 7,000 men in field 27,000 (women and children in Concentration Camps) 20,000 Native Blacks also died in the Concentration Camps 11. Concentration Camps Poorly Organized (Lack of food and supplies) Spread of Disease (Typhus and Cholera) Led to National Press (Great Britain being condemned by other countries) Many Blacks died but went unreported because of racial tensions 12. Aftermath Treaty of Vereeniging Orange Free State and Transvaal given to Empire with a chance to one day self govern Britain pays reparations for damage done (est. $3 million) Very little celebration in Britain as war had become unpopular with the masses World Views Methods to gain victory deemed barbaric Caused political unrest for the Conservative Government Social reform in choosing military as many men were unfit for service Afrikanner nationalism used these actions to promote Nationalism South African War ( a.k.a. the Anglo-Boer War) remains the most terrible and destructive modern armed conflict in South Africas history. It was an event that in many ways shaped the history of 20th Century South Africa. The end of the war marked the end of the long process of British conquest of South African societies, both Black and White'. - Gilliomee and Mbenga (2007). 13. Eventual Impact The Union of South Africa was formed in 1910 as a British dominion (like Canada) The Boers formed the most powerful voting block within the country In 1948, they formed the Apartheid, a system of government which introduced racist policies against minorities This caused South Africa to get kicked out of the British Empire and become a republic The Apartheid fell apart in the 1990s and South Africa is now ruled by a black majority 1994 Nelson Mandela Elected President 14. Bibliography Websites http://www.sahistory.org.za/south-africa-1806-1899/first-anglo-boer-war-1880-1881 http://www.sahistory.org.za/south-africa-1652-1806/south-african-war-1899-1902-second-anglo-boer- war http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/boer_wars_01.shtml http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/sli/boer.htm Book The Great Boer War By: Arthur Conan Doyle The Origins of the South African War By: Iain R. Smith New History of South Africa By: Hermann Gillomee, Bernard mbenga Quotation as well other facts Essays The Boer War A struggle for Mastery in South Africa By: Frank McDonough (History Today) The Boer War and the Media By: Kenneth O. Morgan (Queens College, Oxford) Video South Africa: The Boer War Parts 1,2,3,4,& 5 Link to part 1. 2-5 listed on the side viewer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJMNtI0Pm-U