Body Systems

Integumentary Systems

Organs Included: Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands

Function: Covers and protects the body, controls body temperature, prevents fluids from leaving the body

Skeletal System

Includes: all bones

Joints= The place where 2 bones meet, allowing the skeleton to move.

Ligaments= Bands of connective tissue that connect the 2 bones that form joints

• Function: Supports the body, helps with movement and protects internal organs.

Muscular System

Includes: skeletal muscle= voluntary (can be controlled) and makes up the muscles that moves the skeleton.

Cardiac muscle= involuntary (cannot be controlled) and makes up the heart muscle.

Smooth muscle= involuntary, and is found in the walls of the body (ex: stomach, intestines, blood vessels)

Function: Moves food through the digestive tract, allows movement, causes heart to contract.

Circulatory System

Includes: Heart, arteries, veins

Function: Carries oxygen (oxygenated blood) from the lungs to all the body cells and removes waste.

Note: Arteries are red and carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Veins are blue, and carry unoxygenated blood to the heart.

Respiratory System

Includes: Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx and lungs.

Function: Takes oxygen from the air/lungs and delivers it to all body cells. Removes carbon dioxide from the body.

Digestive System

Includes: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver and pancreas.

Function: Breaks down food to a form the body can use.

Note: There are 2 types of digestion. Mechanical digestion (chewing), and chemical digestion (stomach acid breaking down food).

Immune System Includes: Lymph nodes,

tonsils, spleen, lymphatic vessels and bone marrow.

Function: Protects the body from disease.

Endocrine System

Includes: Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands and gonads.

Function: Makes hormones, controls growth, metabolism and reproduction.

Reproductive System

Includes: Female= ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina. Male= penis, scrotum, testes, vas deferens, prostate and urethra.

Function: Produces offspring

Urinary/Excretory System

Includes: kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.

Function: Removes nitrogenous waste from the body in the form of urine.

Nervous System

Includes: Brain and spinal cord.

Function: Carries information between all parts of the body and the brain.

Practice Questions!

Which three systems are involved in the excretion of wastes in humans?

A. Urinary, skeletal, reproductive

B. Circulatory, integumentary, muscular

C. Digestive, respiratory, urinary

D. Nervous, endocrine, immune

Answer!

The answer is C!!! The digestive system releases waste from

the anus, the respiratory releases carbon dioxide and the urinary system expels nitrogenous waste as urine.

Remember the urinary system is also known as the excretory system.

Question

What is the function of nerve tissue in the skin?

A. It helps skin keep its elasticity

B. It helps detect stimuli from the environment

C. It maintains the body’s temperature

D. It produces sweat in response to an increase in body temperature.

Answer

The answer is B! Neurons the main part of the nervous system,

are cells that receive messages among the many parts of the body, brain and spinal cord.

Question

Which systems are involved in breathing?

A. Respiratory, circulatory, nervous

B. Skeletal, muscular, respiratory

C. Excretory, muscular, digestive

D. Nervous, skeletal, integumentary

Answer

The answer is A! Remember the nervous system controls

everything that body does, and the alveoli (found in our lungs) are air sacs surrounded by tiny blood vessels-parts of the circulatory system. We have to get oxygen into our blood!

Question

What role does the nervous system play in digestion?

A. It causes motor neurons to carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord.

B. It stimulates the secretion of saliva, stomach acids, and hormones.

C. It causes the pacemaker to speed up or slow down.

D. It regulates breathing.

Answer

The Answer is B! The nervous system causes the mouth,

stomach, and glands of the endocrine system to secrete saliva and stomach juices in order to breakdown food.