Body Systems

Bones and Muscles

Skeletal System

4 Functions of the skeletal systemkey role in movement • provides a strong, stable &mobile

framework on which muscles can act

Supports and protects internal organsStorage centers for essential body minerals (ex: calcium and phosphorus)Manufactures blood cells

Structure of the Skeletal System

206 bonesAxial skeleton

80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum(breastbone)

Appendicular skeleton126 bones of the shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet

Types of Bones

Four types of bones:Long-FemurShort-WristFlat-RibIrregular-vertebrae

Cartilage and Joints

Cartilage-strong, flexible connective tissueJoints-the point at which two bones meet.

Ball and Socket Joint-ShoulderPivot Joint-head & neckEllipsoidal Joint-wristHinge Joint-elbow

Ligaments and Tendons

LigamentsTough bands of fibrous, slightly elastic tissue that bind the bone ends at the joint.

TendonsFibrous cords that join muscle to bone or to other muscles.

Types of Muscles

Cardiac Muscles:Special type of striated tissue that forms the walls of the heart.

Smooth Musclesconcerned with movements of internal organs-(involuntary) intestines

Skeletal Muscles striped muscles, or striated, that are attached to bones that cause body movements-(voluntary)

• Flexors-muscles that close a joint• Extendors- muscles that open out a joint

Muscles:“Use it or lose it”

Atrophy-unused muscles waste away

Muscle tone- the natural tension in the fibers of a muscle.

Osteoporosis Jigsaw

Create a poster that addresses your myth

Must include information about the myth • at least 3 key points & 3 images

Neatly done with all group member’s names

Present info to the rest of the class