Body Systems

11 Body Systems

IntegumentarySkeletalMuscularDigestive EndocrineCNS

RespiratoryCirculatoryUrinaryImmuneReproductive

This week’s Focus Integumentary

Skeletal

Muscular

Integumentary Integumentary SystemSystem

Your skin is the primary organ of Your skin is the primary organ of your integumentary system. It your integumentary system. It also includes your hair, nails, also includes your hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sweat sebaceous glands and sweat

glands. It is essential for glands. It is essential for homeostasis.homeostasis.

HomeostasisHomeostasis

Is the property of a system that regulates Is the property of a system that regulates its internal environment and tends to its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant conditionmaintain a stable, constant condition

An advantage of homeostatic regulation An advantage of homeostatic regulation is that it allows an organism to function is that it allows an organism to function

effectively in a broad range of effectively in a broad range of environmental conditions.environmental conditions.

3 main layers3 main layers

EpidermisEpidermis

DermisDermis

HypodermisHypodermis(Subcutaneous Fat (Subcutaneous Fat

Layer) Layer)

Cross SectionCross Section

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Functions of the skinFunctions of the skin

Provides a protective covering for Provides a protective covering for your internal organs.your internal organs.

Protects against invasion of Protects against invasion of infectious organismsinfectious organisms

Regulates body temperatureRegulates body temperature Enables you to sense the world Enables you to sense the world

around you.around you. Helps store water and fat.Helps store water and fat.

Problems of the SkinProblems of the Skin

Ringworm - FungiRingworm - Fungi Athletes foot - FungiAthletes foot - Fungi Warts - virusWarts - virus Moles – mutation in cell growthMoles – mutation in cell growth Callus - irritationCallus - irritation Blisters – irritation Blisters – irritation

RingwormRingworm Ringworm is a fungus, not a worm.Ringworm is a fungus, not a worm.

The kinds of fungi that cause ringworm live and The kinds of fungi that cause ringworm live and spread on the top layer of the skin and on the hair. spread on the top layer of the skin and on the hair. They grow best in warm, moist areas, such as They grow best in warm, moist areas, such as locker rooms and swimming pools, and in skin locker rooms and swimming pools, and in skin folds. folds.

Ringworm is contagious. It spreads when you have Ringworm is contagious. It spreads when you have skin-to-skin contact with a person or animal that skin-to-skin contact with a person or animal that has it. It can also spread when you share things like has it. It can also spread when you share things like towels, clothing, or sports gear.towels, clothing, or sports gear.

RingwormRingworm

Athletes FootAthletes Foot Athlete's footAthlete's foot (also known as (also known as ringworm of the footringworm of the foot and and

is a of the skin that causes scaling, flaking, and itch of is a of the skin that causes scaling, flaking, and itch of affected areas. It is transmitted in moist areas where people affected areas. It is transmitted in moist areas where people walk barefoot, such as showers or bathhouses..walk barefoot, such as showers or bathhouses..

Athlete's foot can be prevented by good Athlete's foot can be prevented by good hygiene, and is , and is treated by a number of pharmaceutical and other treated by a number of pharmaceutical and other treatments.treatments.

WartsWarts A wart is a harmless skin growth caused by the A wart is a harmless skin growth caused by the

human papillomavirus (HPV). There are more than 100 known . There are more than 100 known types of HPV. HPV infects the top layer of skin, usually entering the types of HPV. HPV infects the top layer of skin, usually entering the body in an area of broken skin. The virus causes the top layer of body in an area of broken skin. The virus causes the top layer of skin to grow rapidly, forming a wart. Most warts go away on their skin to grow rapidly, forming a wart. Most warts go away on their own within a couple weeks or months.own within a couple weeks or months.

Warts are easily spread by direct contact with a human Warts are easily spread by direct contact with a human papillomavirus. You can infect yourself again by touching the wart papillomavirus. You can infect yourself again by touching the wart and then another part of your body. You can infect another person and then another part of your body. You can infect another person by sharing towels, razors, or other personal itemsby sharing towels, razors, or other personal items

MolesMoles Moles occur when cells in the skin grow in a cluster instead of Moles occur when cells in the skin grow in a cluster instead of

being spread throughout the skin. These cells are called being spread throughout the skin. These cells are called melanocytes, and they make the pigment that gives skin its melanocytes, and they make the pigment that gives skin its natural color. Moles may darken after exposure to the sun, during natural color. Moles may darken after exposure to the sun, during the teen years, and during pregnancy.the teen years, and during pregnancy.

Most moles are not dangerous. The only moles that are of medical Most moles are not dangerous. The only moles that are of medical concern are those that look different than other existing moles or concern are those that look different than other existing moles or those that first appear after age 20. If you notice changes in a those that first appear after age 20. If you notice changes in a mole's color, height, size or shape, you should have a mole's color, height, size or shape, you should have a dermatologist evaluate it.dermatologist evaluate it.

MolesMoles

Skin Skin CancerCancer

What is skin cancer? What is skin cancer? Different kinds? Different kinds?

Squamos Cell-outer cellsSquamos Cell-outer cells

Basal Cell-deeper cellsBasal Cell-deeper cells

melanomamelanoma

What are the risk What are the risk factors?factors?

What are symptoms?What are symptoms?

Can skin cancer be Can skin cancer be prevented?prevented?

Healthy SkinHealthy Skin

Good personal hygiene Good personal hygiene and a balanced diet will and a balanced diet will

help promote healthy skin. help promote healthy skin. Daily washing helps Daily washing helps

eliminate stinky bacteria.eliminate stinky bacteria.

How do I work with other How do I work with other body Systems?body Systems?

Immune?Immune?

Digestive?Digestive?

Circulatory?Circulatory?

Nervous?Nervous?

Popular Teen TrendsPopular Teen Trends

Henna TattooHenna Tattoo A popular alternative to

permanent tattoos is temporary tattooing with henna-based ink painted on the skin. But as this picture shows, even these tattoos can cause allergic reactions.

WARNING: Stay away from "black henna" or "blue henna" tattoos. The blackening may come from coal tar, which often causes severe allergic reactions.

Tattoo RemovalTattoo Removal Lasers break down tattoo

pigments, raising the possibility of allergic reactions.

In the heart tattoo shown here, each of several different laser treatments caused the same blistering reaction. Fortunately, the blisters got better with routine skin care.

Tattoo & Tattoo &

Piercing Piercing DangerDanger

Risks: InfectionWhatever type of tattoo or piercing you get, there are risks involved.

The most serious risks are life-threatening infections, such as

HIV or hepatitis C, from unclean needles.

Other infections, such as a

staph infection called impetigo or MRSA (shown here), may develop

While considering a tattoo While considering a tattoo or Piercing:or Piercing:

Be sure the parlor is licensed.Be sure the parlor is licensed.

Be sure to ask the artist if they sterile their Be sure to ask the artist if they sterile their instruments, if their place looks dirty, it probably has instruments, if their place looks dirty, it probably has dirty tools!dirty tools!

Clean and disinfect tattoo or piercing after it is applied Clean and disinfect tattoo or piercing after it is applied to avoid infection.to avoid infection.

Don’t apply “amateur” tattoos or piercings. Don’t apply “amateur” tattoos or piercings. Inexperience and using homemade tools/ink can only Inexperience and using homemade tools/ink can only lead to disasterlead to disaster

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

The skeletal system is made up of The skeletal system is made up of bones, ligaments and tendons. bones, ligaments and tendons.

Bone MarrowBone Marrow

Is soft, fatty tissue that Is soft, fatty tissue that produces and stores produces and stores red blood cells, many white blood cells, red blood cells, many white blood cells,

and other immune system cells. It is found and other immune system cells. It is found inside the larger bones.inside the larger bones.

5 Main Functions 5 Main Functions

Provides framework and supportProvides framework and support

Works with muscular system to provide Works with muscular system to provide movementmovement

Protects vital tissues and organsProtects vital tissues and organs

Provides storage for substances neededProvides storage for substances needed

Produces new blood cellsProduces new blood cells

LongLong

ShortShort

FlatFlat

IrregularIrregular

Definitions:Definitions:

Tendon – Connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones.

Ligament – Connective tissue that connects bones to bones.

Joint - Places at which bones come close to other bones

Ball and Socket JointBall and Socket Joint

Shoulder, Hip

Hinge JointHinge Joint

Elbow, Knee, Finger, ToeElbow, Knee, Finger, Toe

Problems of the Skeletal SystemProblems of the Skeletal System

FracturesFractures

A fracture is a complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of

excessive force.

OsteoporosisOsteoporosis

It occurs when bones lose an excessive amount of their protein and mineral content, particularly calcium.

Over time, bone mass, and therefore bone strength, is decreased. As a result, bones become fragile and break easily.

ScoliosisScoliosis

Side-to-side curvature of the spine

Muscle and/or bone deformity.

Sometimes born with it sometimes cause it with lifestyle choices.

CartilageCartilage

A fibrous material that A fibrous material that is strong but very is strong but very flexible.flexible.

Examples would be Examples would be your ears and nose.your ears and nose.

Healthy BonesHealthy Bones

Your habits and decisions you make Your habits and decisions you make concerning nutrition and exercise can concerning nutrition and exercise can

affect the health of your skeletal affect the health of your skeletal system now and later in life. Calcium system now and later in life. Calcium is essential for bone growth. Exercise is essential for bone growth. Exercise

promotes blood flow through your promotes blood flow through your bones. Water keeps cells hydrated and bones. Water keeps cells hydrated and

stronger!stronger!

Did you know?

1 – That your foot is the same size as your forearm.

2 – That the measurement from fingertip to fingertip is the same as your height.

Muscular System

The muscular system is made up of tissues that work with the skeletal system to control movement of the

body.

Functions of the Muscular System

Pumps blood throughout the body

Moves food through the digestive system

Controls the movement of air in and out of the lungs.

Types of Muscles

Skeletal muscles help the body move.

Smooth muscles, which are involuntary, are located inside organs, such as the stomach and intestines.

Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. Its motion is involuntary

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth muscle

Cardiac

Problems of Muscular SystemMuscular Dystrophy

Muscular Strain

Bruise

Tendinitis

Hernia

Care of the Muscular System

Use it or lose it! - Atrophy

Drink water

Stretch and Warm-up

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/skeletal-system-and-muscular-system.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMT4PtXRCVA