body organization & structure chapter 22. body organization chapter 22 section 1 s7l2.c –...
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BODY BODY ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION & STRUCTURE& STRUCTUREChapter 22Chapter 22
BODY BODY ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
Chapter 22 Section 1Chapter 22 Section 1
S7L2.cS7L2.c – Explain that cells are organized into – Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and
systems into organisms. systems into organisms.
S7L2.dS7L2.d – Explain that tissues, organs, and organ – Explain that tissues, organs, and organ systems serve the needs cells have for oxygen, food, systems serve the needs cells have for oxygen, food,
and waste removal.and waste removal.
S7L2.eS7L2.e – Explain the purpose of the major organ – Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human body systems in the human body
Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
•How are tissues, organs, and organ How are tissues, organs, and organ systems related?systems related?
•What are the 11 organ systems?What are the 11 organ systems?•How do organ systems work together How do organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis?to maintain homeostasis?
HomeostasisHomeostasis
•HomeostasisHomeostasis – BALANCE – BALANCE•Cells Need:Cells Need:
•Nutrients & oxygenNutrients & oxygen•Waste removalWaste removal•If not maintained – damaged or dieIf not maintained – damaged or die
Organization of LifeOrganization of Life
•Cells form TissuesCells form TissuesTissues form organsTissues form organsOrgans form organ systemsOrgans form organ systemsOrgan systems form organismsOrgan systems form organisms
4 Types of Tissues4 Types of Tissues
Epithelial TissueCovers & protects
Ex: skin
Nervous TissueSends impulses through the bodyEx: brain, nerves, and sense organs
Muscle TissueProduce movement
Connective TissueJoins, supports, protects, insulates, cushions, & nourishes organs
Ex: bones
4 Types of Tissues4 Types of Tissues
11 Major Organ Systems11 Major Organ Systems
•Integumentary Integumentary System System
•Muscular System Muscular System •Skeletal SystemSkeletal System•Cardiovascular Cardiovascular SystemSystem
•Respiratory Respiratory SystemSystem
•Urinary SystemUrinary System
•Male Reproductive Male Reproductive SystemSystem
•Female Female Reproductive Reproductive SystemSystem
•Nervous SystemNervous System•Digestive SystemDigestive System•Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System•Endocrine SystemEndocrine System
THE SKELETAL THE SKELETAL SYSTEMSYSTEM
Chapter 22 Section 2Chapter 22 Section 2
S7L2.cS7L2.c – Explain that cells are organized into – Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems,
and systems into organisms. and systems into organisms.
S7L2.eS7L2.e – Explain the purpose of the major organ – Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human bodysystems in the human body
Essential Questions
•What are the major organs of the skeletal system?
•What are the 4 functions of bones?•What are the major types of joints?•What are 3 injuries and 2 diseases that can affect bones and joints?
The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System
•Bones, cartilage, and Bones, cartilage, and muscle connective tissuesmuscle connective tissues
Bone StructureBone Structure
Bone TissuesBone Tissues
•2 2 types of types of tissuetissue•Compact bone Compact bone •Spongy boneSpongy bone
Bone Marrow – Bone Marrow – Soft TissueSoft Tissue2 TypesRed Marrow Yellow Marrow
Bone TissuesBone Tissues
Bone GrowthBone Growth
•Bones start as cartilageBones start as cartilage•Become hard bone as you Become hard bone as you growgrow
•Have growth plates during Have growth plates during childhoodchildhood•Allow for growthAllow for growth
Growth PlateGrowth Plate
JointsJoints
•Place where 2 or more bones Place where 2 or more bones meetmeet
•Allow movement Allow movement •Fixed joints do not moveFixed joints do not move•Held together by Held together by ligamentsligaments
Types of JointsTypes of Joints
•Gliding JointsGliding Joints•Ex: Hand & wristEx: Hand & wrist•Glide over one anotherGlide over one another
•Ball-and-Socket JointBall-and-Socket Joint•Ex: ShoulderEx: Shoulder•Move in all directionsMove in all directions
•Hinge JointHinge Joint•Ex: KneeEx: Knee•extend and flexextend and flex
JointsJoints
Skeletal Diseases & InjuriesSkeletal Diseases & Injuries
•Bones injuries & diseasesBones injuries & diseases• FractureFracture• BreakBreak• Osteoporosis – causes bones to weaken & break easilyOsteoporosis – causes bones to weaken & break easily
• Joint injuries & diseasesJoint injuries & diseases• DislocationDislocation• Sprain – stretched/torn ligamentSprain – stretched/torn ligament• Arthritis – swelling & stiffening of jointsArthritis – swelling & stiffening of joints
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Chapter 22 Section 3
S7L2.cS7L2.c – Explain that cells are organized – Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into tissues, tissues into organs, organs
into systems, and systems into into systems, and systems into organisms. organisms.
S7L2.eS7L2.e – Explain the purpose of the – Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human bodymajor organ systems in the human body
Essential Questions
•What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
•How does skeletal tissue move bones?
•What is the difference between aerobic exercise and resistance exercise?
•What are some muscle system injuries?
The Muscular System
•Made up of the muscles that let you move
Kinds of Muscles•Smooth Muscle •Digestive tract
•Move food through the digestive system•Walls of blood vessels
•Cardiac Muscle•Only in the heart
•Pump blood
•Skeletal Muscle•Attached to bones
•Movement•protection
Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Muscle Movement
•Voluntary•Movement that is under your control
•skeletal muscle
•Involuntary•Movement is not under your control
•Cardiac & smooth muscle
Muscles Attached to Bones
•Muscles attach to bones by tendons
Working Together
•Usu. Muscles work together•One bends while the other straightens
•Flexor•Muscle that bends part of the body
•Ex: Bicep
•Extensor•Muscle that straightens part of the body•Ex: Tricep
Muscle Injury
•Strain – muscle is overstretched or torn•Tendonitis – over exercising causing tendons to become inflamed/ swollen and sore
•Anabolic steroids – muscle enhancers•Can damage heart, liver, and kidneys•Cause high blood pressure•Cause bones to stop growing if taken before maturity
THE INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEMChapter 22 Section 4
S7L2.eS7L2.e – Explain the purpose – Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in of the major organ systems in
the human bodythe human body
Essential Questions
•What are 4 functions of skin?
•What are the 2 layers of the skin?
•What is the structure and function of hair and nails?
•What are the 2 types of damage that can affect skin?
Functions of Skin
•Protects •Keeps water in•Foreign particles out
•Feeling•Regulate body temperature•Remove waste
•sweat
Integumentary System
•Skin
•Hair
•Nails
Layers of Skin
•Epidermis•Outermost layer•Epithelial tissue•Thick as 2 sheets of paper•Dead cells
•Filled with protein called keratin•MAKES SKIN TOUGH
•Dermis•Thicker under layer•Many fibers of collagen
•Provide strength
Hair
•Made of living & dead cells•Living = hair follicle
•Grows as older cells get pushed upward•Color = melanin•Protects from dust, insects, and UV light•Regulates temperature in animals
Nails
•Made of living and dead cells•Grows from nail root•New cells push old cells out•Protects tips of fingers and toes
Skin Injuries
•Acne•Overactive oil glands combined with bacteria & dead cells
•Skin cancer•Too much sunlight•tanning
Eb Skin Disease Ring Worm
EczemaPsoriasis