Body in Action (a) Movement

SQA Questions

What you should know -skeleton

• The skeleton provides a f_______ for s_______ and m_______ attachment

• The skeleton p_______ the h____, l______, b_____ and s_______ cord

• Bone is composed of the components f______ (elastic) f______ and h____ m________

• Bone is formed by l_______ c____

ramework

upport uscle

rotects eart

ungs rain pinal

lexible ibres ard

inerals

iving ells

• A b____ and s_____ joint e.g. ________ allows m_______ in _ planes

• A h_____ joint e.g. _____ allows movement in ___ plane

all ocket hip / shoulder

ovement

inge knee/elbow

1

3

What you should know - joints

What you should know - muscles• Muscles are attached to b_____ by t_____• When a muscle c______ it s_______ and

p___ on a tendon attached to a bone at a j_____

• Tendons are i________ so that a__ the f_____of a muscle c___________ is t__________ to the bone at a joint

• At a joint there are always t___ muscles. One muscle b_____ the joint + second muscle needed to s_________ the joint.

ones endons

ontracts ocket

ulls

oint

nelastic ll

orce ontraction

ransferred

wo

ends

traighten

Synovial Joint p148 CREDIT

• A synovial joint is a joint l_________ by s________ fluid

• All b___ and socket and h_____ joints are synovial joints

• The h__, s_______, e______ and k____ are all synovial joints

ubricated

ynovial all

inge

ip houlder

lbow nee

ligament

synovial membrane

synovial fluid cartilage

Name 1 – 4 in this ball and socket joint

synovial membrane

synovial

membrane

ligament

ligament cartilage

synovial fluid

Structure of a Synovial Joint p148 CREDIT

1

3

4

5

2

support

holds the two bones together

secretes synovial fluid

cushions the joint and reduces friction

lubricates the joint by reducing friction

cartilage1

2

3

4

5

ligament

ligament

synovial fluid

synovial

membranehead of femur

femur

Synovial joint functions CREDIT Part of synovial joint function

bone support

ligament holds the two bones together

synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid

capsule surrounds the joint

cartilage cushions the joint and reduces friction

synovial fluid lubricates the joint by reducing friction

1

2

3

4

5

Cushions the joint / end of bones/ acts like a shock absorber

Range of movement is less

in one plane/ two directions

Flexible fibres / hard minerals

brain heart lungs

spinal cord

movement

support

ligament

Hard minerals

skull brainRib cage heart and lungs backbone spinal cord

cartilage

Synovial fluid

Synovial membrane

ligament

Synovial membrane

cartilageligament

B

D

Lubricates joint / Reduces friction

C A

D

E

B

Reduces friction

One muscle bends joint

Tendons are inelastic / do not stretch

+ second muscle needed to straighten joint

cartilagesynovial fluid

s

tendon