body cavities chapter 1 mr. knowles anatomy and physiology liberty senior high school
TRANSCRIPT
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Body CavitiesChapter 1
Mr. Knowles
Anatomy and Physiology
Liberty Senior High School
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Body Cavities
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Body Cavities• Internal chambers that suspend vital organs.• Functions:
1. Protect delicate organs from shock and cushions them.
2. Allow internal organs to change size and shape without distorting other organs.
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Body Cavities
Dorsal Body Cavity
Ventral Body
Cavity
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Two Major Divisions
• Dorsal Body Cavity- contain brain and spinal cord.
• Ventral Body Cavity- much larger; contains all of the major organs.
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I. Doral Body Cavity
• Subdivided into:
1. Cranial Cavity- contains the brain.
2. Spinal Cavity- contains the spinal cord.
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A. Cranial Cavity
• Within the bony skull.
• Protects the brain.
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B. Spinal Cavity• extends from the
cranial cavity to the end of the vertebral column
• protects the spinal cord.
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II. Ventral Body Cavity• The diaphragm divides this cavity
into:A. Thoracic Cavity- a superior cavity in the chest.B. Abdominopelvic Cavity- an inferior cavity containing the organs of the abdomen and the pelvis.
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Body Cavities• Provide moist, internal spaces
that allow expansion and prevent friction.
• Viscera: organs that project into the cavities.
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How do the body cavities protect organs?
• Serous membranes line the walls of the cavities and cover the surface of the organs.
• Membranes secrete a fluid (serous fluid) that reduces friction within the cavity.
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Naming the Two Layers• Visceral- the layer of membrane
that covers the organ.
• Parietal- the layer of membrane that lines the cavity.
• Both layers secrete a fluid that fills the space between.
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Ventral Body Cavity
•Surrounds respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, reproductive
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II. Ventral Body CavityThe diaphragm separates the Ventral into 2 sub cavitiesThoracic Cavity (superior)
Abdominopelvic Cavity (inferior)
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A. Thoracic Cavity
• Contains three internal chambers:
1. Pericardial Cavity- surrounds and protects the heart.
2. Two Pleural Cavities- surround the left and right lung.
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1. Pericardium• Made of two layers:
a. Visceral pericardium- membrane covering the heart.b. Parietal pericardium- membrane on the outside.c. Pericardial Cavity- is the fluid-filled space between.
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Mediastinum• The region within the thoracic
cavity between the pleural cavities.• Contains the pericardium +
esophagus + trachea.• It is only a region and not a cavity.
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Mediastinum
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2. Pleural Cavity
• Cavity around each lung.
• Made by the a. visceral pleura and b. parietal pleura.
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Abdominopelvic Cavity
AbdominalCavity (Superior)
Pelvic Cavity(Inferior)
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B. Abdominopelvic Cavity
• Divided into:1. Abdominal Cavity-
superior; from diaphragm to lowest vertebra.
2. Pelvic Cavity- inferior to the above; pelvic bones form wall and muscles form its floor.
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Abdominal Cavity•Lined by a serous membrane- peritoneum which protects the liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine and most of the large intestine.•Kidneys are retroperitoneal- behind the peritoneum.
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Peritoneum• Two membranes:
1. Visceral Peritoneum- covers the organs.2. Parietal Peritoneum- lines the abdominopelvic cavity.3. Peritoneal Cavity- is the fluid-filled space between.
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Pelvic Cavity• Inferior portion of the abdominopelvic
cavity.• Contains the last segments of large
intestine, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
• Only the most superior organs in the pelvic cavity are covered in peritoneum (uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and bladder.
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Inflammation of Peritoneum-Peritonitis
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A Weakened Abdominal Wall-Hernia
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Parasites of the Peritoneum
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