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TRANSCRIPT
fortmas
Spatial Pattern-Analysis of Flickr-Photo DistributionSpatiotemporal Tag Cloud Fort Mason Center, San Francisco
Z-ScoreRange
< -0.80
-0.80 - -0.40
-0.39 - 0.0
0.1 - 2.0
2.1 - 4.0
4.1 - 6.0
> 6.0
Second Level Clustering:Color Hot-Spot-Analysis
Dis
trib
utio
n of
Imag
es
First Level Clustering:SizeNumber of Photos
510
20
> 50
1
}Significant Cold Spots
}Significant HotSpots
Dis
trib
utio
n of
Tag
s
Font Size:
10
50
100
> 200
1
fortmason
fortmasonfortmason
Font Weight/ Color:
fortmason
fortmasonBold font weight for the densest area for each Tag used:
Normal font weight and dark-grey Font Color for all other values:
fortmason
Please note: because of accumulation of tags in certain areas, only a fraction of available tags can be shown on the map above.
The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the spatial pattern of geotagged images from Flickr, which is a widely used Photo-Sharing-Community. The result map can be described best as a statistically weighted map of what is influencing people’s perception at certain areas. In addition to other data, this data may be helpful in many planning processes where it is important to focus on the identification of peoples with their environment and the uniqueness (or missing uniqueness)of each part of the landscape - especially on a bigger scale, where field work and data acquisition is not always possible.
The map consists of two parts. First, the spatial pattern of photos is shown as dots of different size and color. The size indicates first level clustering, which shows different locations of interest. The second level of clustering was calculated using the Gettis-Ord GI-Star statistic, which evaluates the data (number of photos taken at certain locations) by comparing the local mean to the global mean and then determining whether the difference between them is statistically significant. The results are displayed in different color variations: red for hot spots where significant more pictures were taken compared to the overall area of investigation and blue for cool spots, which means given the overall area of investigation, these areas do not get as much attention.Second, the tags for each photo were evaluated to label certain areas. The font size was determined using a formula, which in-
cludes the number of occurrences of each tag in a certain area. In addition, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear are written in bold. This way, tags which were only used by a minority of photographers appear small on the map, whereas statistically often used tags appear bigger. The placement for each tag is calculated by determining the arithmetic center of each tag cluster, but in areas where tags accumulate the placement can shift.
It is important to keep two things in mind:1. This map shows what is statistically influencing the perception. This means that labels may occur at different places compared to where the actual "object" is located (i.e. the Golden Gate Bridge influences people’s perception at many places in the Bay Area but exists only once). Usually this means, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear (written in bold) is also the location where the object itself is located.2. The analysis is based on the data of a limited group of people (the photographers) and a limited period of time (1/1/2006 to 10/01/2011). This means in this particular analysis, 4964 unique photographers took 129.397 photos during this period, which are georeferenced in this area. Ultimately, the data shows only what was or is important to this limited group of people and therefore should be treated with caution and carefull interpretation for use in planning purposes.
Abstract Legend
fortmasonLight-Grey Color/ Shown in Background for most used Tags:
Number of occurrences:
Scale 1:1500
fortmas
FORTMASONBAY
CITY
PARK
BOAT
MARINA
PIEROCEAN
BRIDGEWATER
GOLDENGATE
BEACH
SUNSET
ALCATRAZ
AQUATICPARK
SEAGULL
GHIRARDELLI
MUNICIPALPIERFISHERMANSWHARF
GOLDENGATEBRIDGE
GHIRARDELLISQUARE
III
B2
ST
XSI
AIR
III
BIG
F16
57F
FAT
FLY
AIR
JET
50D
BAY
SLR
VAN
ART
OFF
THE
SEA
JAIL
SKY
FUN
PEN
USS
BEN
CAB
NPS
SUV
OLD
BUS
F16
61F
HOT
RED
CUP
SUN
DAD
USN
RUE
LIFE
BOY
HILL
TAXI
FOG
RUN
MAP
SFAI
SAIL
MAN
LOFI
KITE
GGB
FAIR
LINE
CALI
BUS
USN
CITY
TRIP
FILM
FISH
DOG
FIRE
BIKE
LIFE
RED
NEW
KIDS
RISE
PINK
SHIP
PIER
FA18
FALL
SAIL
JULYAIR
MIST
COIT
RAIN
BIRD
HAIR
ERIC
RIDE
DOG
WWII
ROW
MOM
JETS
SIGN
SX70
FAST
AC45
PATH
FIRE
BIRD
MUNI
VIEW
SEAL
HILL
TRIP
STARWIDE
WINE
FACE
FLAG
GULL
BLUE
ITALY
MATT
BOAT
GATE
NAVY
PARK
PALM
WIND
USAF
HAZY
HEFE
TREE
CAFE
HAZE
BLUR
CLUB
LEGS
BABY
POLE
SEA
JAIL
WALL
SIGN
FORT
CART
STOP
RUST
FRAN
JUMP
POST
LAMP
SEAN
AREABEER
BEAR
BARS
JET
PORT
PANO
MIST
MAST
HYDE
RACE
CARS
EEUU
SAND
CRAB
DUSK
DARK
VIAJE
WALK
LOFI
TOUR
VISTA
HAZE
SFIST
BOOT
PIZZA
TRAIL
SHOP
GREY
LONG
COOL
GOLD
COKE
SAILS
COIT
FORT
PAINT
RISE
FOOD
WESTROOF
MEER
ROCK
NEON
MARE
ROAD
DOCK
APRIL
LINES
WARF
SIGN
FILM
GATE
CART
LOMO
WEEK
DOGS
GAME
SEPIA
SAIL
HAWK
CAFE
DAVID
TREE
FOG
GWSF
ACWS
DEMO
DOOR
TRAIN
CHILD
SHIPS
CIELO
SMILE
ASIAN
PIERS
REISE
GGB
DAWN
WALL
LINES
GLOW
POINT
BIRDS
BRICK
BRIAN
GULL
JET
SFIST
ARTTABLE
LAWN
MOON
NIGHT
CHIRP
DRINK
CHAIR
CHAIN
FLEET
SIGNS
DOCK
LOVE
DOWN
AIRME
ROOF
BLUE
SFBAY
WHITE
WOOD
MUSIC
JEANS
PLANT
SEALS
PARTYMETAL
WIRES
STEPS
PLANE
BLACK
CABLEBIRDS
FILMGULL
YACHT
BOATS
DOGS
PICNIK
TREES
CLEAR
EAGLE
GLASS
SKY
NAVY
BIRD
FERRY
DECAY
COIT
DUSK
WINGS
HAFEN
FENCE
TRACK
RUSTY
BIKING
SPEED HAPPY
ANGLE
ISO100
FORT
PIERS
STORE
AIRME
FUNNY
TRUCK
COAST
STEAM
MASTS
CRABS
BEACH
SUPER
BREAD
CLOCK
KAREN
PIER39
WEEK
BEER
SUN
CURVE
FAMILY
SILVER
CITY
WATER
SUTRO
SHOZU
SUNNY
CLOUD
WAVES
BENCH
URBAN
PICPLZ
GRASS
SHOES
BAY
HEFE
GATE
FA18
NORTH
FLYING
STAIRS
WHITE
FLIGHT
ROBOT
OCEAN
GREEN
SHORE
MODEL
HOUSE
ROCKSDOCKS
COLOR
BOOKS
SHOW
GUARD
FOGGY
SMOKE
OBAMARED
PUBLIC
ISLAND
RED
PIER
FERRY
SHOW
FLEET
WHARF
BOAT
MARCH
AMARO
GGNRA
CARGO
GROUP
MASON
POLICE
SUN
GUITAR
TOWER
WATER
WORLD
ANIMAL
SIERRA
BRICKS
PORT
FOG
STATES
RISE
GRASS
PASTEL
MUSIC
FRISCO
CRUISE
SCENIC
GREEN
STATUE
TRAVEL
LEAVES
TEAMBROWN
ARROW
LOMOFI
DINNER
CANDID
BRIDGE
SPRING
ENGINEPRISON
DESIGN
PLAY
OLD
COLOR
ART
FORT
PACIFICALBERT
WALL
MASON
CROWD
MARINA
MARINE
RACING
BOEING
PIGEON
FA18
JETSFA18
THEBAY
ARTIST
SHIP
DARK
WINTER
ORCHID
STREET
MOSAIC
SAILING
PLANES
B2
AREA
PARTY
RAILING
PURPLE
PEOPLE
APOLLO
HILL
NATURE
USNAVY
LOMO
MIRROR
FISHING
COFFEE
NIGHT
SUNSET
HYDEST
TRACKS
HAIRPIN
URLAUB
ESCAPE
ANGELS
LEAVES
SEA
NAVY
AIRME
HILLS
MAST
SIGN
VIEW
NIGHT
MARTINI
SUNDAY
CENTER
POSTER
ORACLE
EUREKA
COUPLE
FLYING
RAPTOR
DISPLAY
RED
AUGUST
MARKET
BOEING
CLOUDS
CLOUDY
ANDREA
NORCAL
YELLOW
OSPREY
WATER
CASTRO
ROWING
TRAFFIC
HORNET
FAMOUS
GOLDEN
COLORS
STENCIL
PERSON
HOUSES
GREENS
SCHOOL
SKYLINE
WALDEN
PEOPLE
CHAIR
FLOWER
HARBOR
DANGER
SEGWAY
SOCCER
COLOUR
BICYCLE
VEHICLE
SUNNY
TREES
VINTAGE
HOLIDAY
ALIOTOS
PICPLZ
CHURCH
HUDSON
CANNON
CORNER
ORANGE
BRICK
SEALION
ROAD
TOURIST
CHAIRS
FAIR
WINDOW
FIGHTER
FRIENDS
FASHION
MOBLOG
ANIMALS
INKWELL
BRIDGEMAN
HISTORY
PURPLE
JULY
BIRD
MUSEUM
SUMMER
MODERN
OUTSIDE
ANTIQUE
RUSSIAN
SUNRISE
CYCLING
USNAVY
STREET
TEAM
SHOZU
SHADOW
AMERIKA
BRIDGES
EVENING
NATURE
URBAN
MILITARY
SKYLINE
PAINT
SHORE
GRAFFITI
YELLOW
PYRAMID
SIGNAGE
TROLLEY
CRAB
WALKING
TOURISM
MASON
MACHINE
ANDROID
WILDLIFE
STREETS
SEAGULL
BLUESKY
AQUATIC
WARSHIP
SIGN
PAINTING
FESTIVAL
JANUARY
BLUE
BLUE
RUNNING
TEXTURE
GOLDEN
BLACK
FACTORY
TRUCK
TOASTER
VANNESS
HORNET
FIGHTER
DIAMOND
LIGHTING
BUILDING
EXPLORE
GUITAR
HUDSON
STREET
TUGBOAT
HISTORIC
AIRSHOW
RAINBOW
INTERIOR
JOURNEYSHIPPING
PRESIDIO
OAKLAND
TREE
PARK
WARNING
DRAWING
THECITY
GREEN
SAILBOAT
SAILING
MORNING
BOATS
TILTSHIFT
VALENCIA
SFBAY
MARITIME
FTMASON
THEROCK
BRANNAN
SEAFOOD
SCANNED
TRAVEL
BIRDS
SHADOW
FLOWER
LOFI
WEATHER
MUSTANG
ROOFTOP
NATIONAL
PLANE
SFIST
SWIMMER
FLOWERS
AIRPLANE
ART
VACATION
BIRTHDAY
BRIDGE
LOMBARD
HOLIDAYS
CHAIRSAIRCRAFT
HARBOUR
VIGNETTE
BUILDING
SUTRO
RED
TOURISTS
DANGER
WINDOWS
SUNLIGHT
AIRME
COFFEE
CROOKED
SUNSET
OUTDOOR
MADONNA
RAILROAD
CHIRP
GOLD
SIDEWALK
ALCATRAZ
JAPANESE
FORT
TREE
SHADOWS
CANADIAN
ROADTRIP
POLAROIDHEFE
OCEAN
SEAGULL
AMERICAS
MOUNTAINFEATHERS
HARBOR
CARS
ROCK
FLOWERS
INKWELL
BOATS
AMERICAN
ICECREAM
SHOPPING
SEAGULLS
VACATION
STATIUNITI
WEDDING
HISTORY
SWIMMING
ABSTRACT
BALCUTHA
BOAT
BAY
MUNICIPAL
BUILDINGS
UMBRELLA
BALLOONS
SEASCAPE
WALDEN
DECAY
AIRPLANE
COLORFUL
HERCULES
EXPLORED
FRIENDS
PRISON
SAILBOATS
CONTRAST
ENTRANCE
BEAUTIFUL
HANDHELD
CUPCAKES
NASHVILLE
WHARF
PIER
HARBOR
MARINA
POSTCARD
LANDMARK
INTERIOR
EARLYBIRD FOOD
CONCRETE
RENEGADE
COCACOLA
GOLDEN
SUNLIGHT
NORTHERN
4THOFJULY
CITYSCAPE
PORT
RIGGING
ORANGE
NOVEMBER
WINDOW
ELECTRIC
SKYLINE
FESTIVAL
OUTDOORS
FOODPORN
SHORELINE
SHOPPING
STEPS
PATRIOTS
FOUNDINSF
FRANSISCO
LENSFLARE
PEOPLE
FASHION
SFBAYAREA
MARINAINSTAGRAM
BAYSTREET
BLUE
THEMARINA
FISHERMAN
CHRISTMAS
BOOKS
FORMATION
GHIRADELLI
PAVEMENT
PANORAMIC
MACHINERY
AIRSHOW
DUSK
JOHNSLENS
SWIMMER
HEFE
FISHING
FLEETWEEK
STREETCAR
SCULPTURE
DOCKS
CHINATOWN
APARTMENT
GUARD
COITTOWER
ANDROID
CRUISESHIP
TUNNEL
NATURE
TRANSPORT
CHOCOLATE
GREEN
SNOWBIRDSSEPTEMBER DOWNTOWN
BOOKS
LORDKELVIN
AFTERNOON
SAILINGSHIP
LOMOFI
CLOUD
ATTRACTION
DECEMBERSIDEWALK
WESTCOAST
REFLECTION
ABANDONED
CITYSCAPES
PROJECT365
HARBOR FLOWER
BUILDINGS
FORTMASON
CUPCAKE
HELICOPTER
HYDESTPIER
BOAT
RUSTY
AUTUMN
BOATS
PIER45
ROCKS
LIGHTHOUSE
GATE
CHOCOLATE
WAREHOUSE
OFFTHEGRID
PELICAN
PACIFIC
FISHERMANS
PLANTS
FA18HORNET
RESIDENTIAL
RUSSIANHILL
NORTHPOINT
PAVEMENT
ORACLE
YOUTUBE
SCULPTURE
GHIRARDELLI
BLUEANGELS
RUST
FISHINGBOAT
RESTAURANT
LORDKELVIN
GALILEO
FLEETWEEK
HYDESTREET
REFLECTION
BALCLUTHA
COWHOLLOW
SUNGLASSES
FTMASON
GEOCACHING
SKYSCRAPER
GLASSES
GOLDENGATE
STREETLIGHT
LANDMARK
WATERFRONT
FLOWERS
PARKING
NORTHBEACH
FOUNDINSF
DONOTENTER
CONFERENCE
ANGELISLAND
AQUATICPARK AQUATIC
MOTORCYCLE
COASTGUARD
SEAGULLSAILBOAT
WEATHERBUG
PHOTOGRAPH
APARTMENTS
SHIP
LOMOGRAPHY
HORNET
WATER
BEAUTIFUL
FISHERMAN
SEAGULL
AMERICASCUP
MOVIE
BALCLUTHA
PACIFICQUEEN
PACIFICOCEAN
INTERSECTION
MARINAGREEN
PRESIDIO
PIER39MOSTLYSUNNY
SELFPORTRAIT
MONOCHROME
NATIONALPARK
LOMOGRAPHY
WESTERNGULL
AMARO
PHOTOSTREAM
MUNICIPALPIER
WILDLIFE
WEATHERBUG
BRIDGE
SPRING
STAROFALASKA
CONFERENCE
ARCHITECTURE
EMBARCADERO
OSPREY
SANFRANSISCO
FOURTHOFJULY
HARBOUR
TRANSAMERICA
THEROCK
FOODSPOTTING
NORTHAMERICA
LOMOFI
MOSTLYCLOUDY
CHESTNUT
GOLDENGATE
4THOFJULY
FLEETWEEK2012
FLEETWEEK2010
STATUE
BUILDING
SHADOWS
MARINADISTRICT
GUESSWHERESF
GASHOUSECOVE
EXPLORATORIUM
ESTADOSUNIDOS
IPHOTOORIGINAL
SANFRANSISCO
AIRSHOW
VALENCIA
SAFEWAY
BAYBRIDGE
MUSEUM
ALCATRAZISLAND
FTMASON
KARASCUPCAKES
ALCATRAZ
RISE
FOOD
TRANSPORTATION
TREASUREISLAND
WEATHERBUG
SANFRANCISCOCA
MARINHEADLANDS
PERSPECTIVE
DESSERT
CATHAYER
FISHERMANSWARF
GARDEN
GOLDENGATEPARK
REFLECTIONS
MARINADISTRICT
MUSEUM
MARINADISTRICT
CABLECAR
FORTMASONGREEN
NORTHPOINT
HISTORICAL
AQUATICPARK
APARTMENTS
UNITEDSTATESNAVY
FLOWERS
GHIRADELLISQUARE
PALACEOFFINEARTS
FISHERMANSWHARF
SUSPENSIONBRIDGE
SFCHRONICLE96HRS
GOLDEN
FORTMASONCENTER
CHESTNUTSTREET
LARUSOCCIDENTALIS
EARLYBIRD
GOLDENGATEBRIDGE
BAYBRIDGE
MADONNA
NORTHPOINTSTREET
WEATHERBUG
ISLAND
BRANNAN
AUTOMOBILE
NORTHERNCALIFORNIA
STREETPHOTOGRAPHY
ABANDONED
NATIONALPARKSERVICE
BRANNAN
HIGHWAY101
PATRIOTS
FISHERMANSWHARF
TRANSAMERICAPYRAMID
SANFRANCISCOBAYAREA
ICECREAM
PRISON
MONOCHROME
APARTMENTS
THECANNERY
SANFRANCISCOFLEETWEEK
LOMOFI
TUNNELARCHITECTURE
FORTMASONGREEN
GOLDENGATEBRIDGE
SANFRANCISCOCA
MARITIMEMUSEUM
GOLDENGATEBRIDGE
GHIRARDELLISQUARE
GOLDENGATENATIONALRECREATIONAREA
PHILLIPBURTON
HAT
FACE
MARIO
FACES
BIKING
BATEAU
MARE
TUNNEL
CANDID
MIST
METAL
ANCHOR
AQUATIC
DISPLAY
ANIMALS
TALLSHIP
BIKE
SUMMER
ISLAND
SKY
CUPCAKE
FAVORITE
AREA
NAUTICAL
YELLOW
COSTUME
VEHICLEHISTORIC
TOURIST
FRAN
ANIMAL
STAIRS
BEARD
TRAVEL
LONG
CABLECAR
ARTIST
LAMPPOST
PERSON
CLASSIC
PELICAN
FATALBERT
GULLARGONAUT
DECEMBER
PRISON
JETSCOLORS
SIERRA
SCHOONER
SHIP
MARINA
HERCULES
MILITARY
DUSK
CHAIN
MOUNTAINS
SMOKE
MUSTANGHISTORICAL
PAPER
MOTION
BICYCLE
FIREWORKS
TELEGRAPH
TREES
STRUCTURE
CONCRETE
SHOES
SHOW
CLOUDS
BIRD
BATEAUFOOD
HISTORIC
TWILIGHT
AMARO
SUNSET
MORNING
FORMATIONHELICOPTER
INAS1969FILM
ORANGE
SMILE
DAWN
GARDEN
WINDOWS
ENGINEROOM
TYPOGRAPHY
MASON
REFLECTIONS
SHIP
ISLAND
ROADTRIP
ANGELS
SEGWAY
THEROCK
PEOPLE
LIGHTS
BLUE
WHITE
NATIONAL
ARTDECO
AIRCRAFT
LIGHTS
BAYBRIDGE
MERMAID
BOATS
CHINESE
MARITIMEPARK
BALCLUTHA
LIGHTHOUSE
WEEK
DOWNTOWN
SEAGULLS
WATERFRONT
EPPLETONHALL
FOUNDINSF
EVENING
PHILLIPBURTON
PYRAMID
SEASCAPE
FLEETPARK
CROWD
BROWNPELICAN
TELEGRAPHHILL
PACIFICOCEAN
FLEETWEEK2011
SAILBOAT
LIGHTS
VANNESS
NIGHT
BALCLUTHA
AIRSHOW
GLASS
DIAMOND
BLUEHOUR
DEMONSTRATION
TRANSAMERICA
FLOWER
OCEAN
BUILDING
NIGHT
SEAGULLS
SUNGLASSES
HYDESTREETPIER
SUNRISE
TALLSHIP
PAINTING
RUSSIANHILLPARK
WAREHOUSE
CANADIAN
VACATION
SNOWBIRDS
FISHERMANS
ORCHID
AMAROFIREWORKS
CITY
RESTAURANT
INDEPENDENCEDAY
SHIP
MOON
BROWNPELICAN
RUSSIANHILL
FLEETWEEK
FATALBERT
ALCATRAZISLAND
TALLSHIP
CHOCOLATE
WATERSTREET
SUNSET
URBAN
ARTDECO
NIGHTPHOTOGRAPHY
RENEGADE
BICYCLE
PRISON
WESTCOAST
CRAFT
FATALBERT
SAILBOATS
MARINHEADLANDS
SAILBOAT
GHIRARDELLI
PANORAMIC
CITYSCAPEWATERFRONT
CLOCKTOWER
COITTOWER
BLUEANGELS
PIER
BLUEANGELS
PROJECT365
GHIRARDELLISQUARE
SIGHTSEEING
SKYLINE
GOLDEN
LONGNOW
REFLECTION
EARLYBIRD
RESTAURANTS
SUNSETMARITIME
GOLDENGATE
GHIRADELLISQUARE
AIRSHOW
EXPLORATORIUM
SCULPTURE
RUSSIANHILL
MARINADISTRICT
FESTIVALPAVILION
FOODTRUCK
COITTOWER
TRANSAMERICA
GREENS
RESTAURANT
ALCATRAZ
ROBOGAMES2007
FORTMASONCENTER
SANFRANCISCOMARITIMEMUSEUM
ARCHITECTURE
ALCATRAZISLAND
SANFRANCISCOMARITIMEMUSEUM
GHIRARDELLISQUARE
UNITEDAIRLINES
NORTHERNCALIFORNIA
FLEETWEEK
TRANSAMERICA
ROBOGAMES
TRANSAMERICABUILDING
TRANSAMERICAPYRAMID
BLUEANGELS
OFFTHEGRID
GOLDENGATENATIONALRECREATIONAREA
SANFRANCISCOMARITIMENATIONALHISTORICPARK
EMBARCADERO
LONGNOWFOUNDATION
GOLDENGATEBRIDGE
MARITIMEMUSEUM
BALCLUTHA
FISHERMANSWHARF
1 01 0
20
20
30
30
4 04 0
3 03 0
Spatial Pattern-Analysis of Flickr-Photo DistributionSpatiotemporal Tag Cloud Fort Mason Center, San Francisco
10/25/2011, Alexander Dunkel"Network-Landscapes - New control options for Landscape and Environmental Planning through the use of internet-based, international, locative media data streams."
PhD advisor: Prof. Dr. C. Schmidt, Dresden University of Technology, Germany
!(Z-ScoreRange
< -0.80
-0.80 - -0.40
-0.39 - 0.0
0.1 - 2.0
2.1 - 4.0
4.1 - 6.0
> 6.0
Second Level Clustering:Color Hot-Spot-Analysis
Dis
trib
utio
n of
Imag
es
First Level Clustering:SizeNumber of Photos
510
20
> 50
1
}Significant Cold Spots
}Significant HotSpots
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
Dis
trib
utio
n of
Tag
s
Font Size:
10
50
100
> 200
1
fortmason
fortmasonfortmason
Font Weight/ Color:
fortmason
fortmasonBold font weight for the densest area for each Tag used:
Normal font weight and dark-grey Font Color for all other values:
fortmason
Please note: because of accumulation of tags in certain areas, only a fraction of available tags can be shown on the map above.
The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the spatial pattern of geotagged images from Flickr, which is a widely used Photo-Sharing-Community. The result map can be described best as a statistically weighted map of what is influencing people’s perception at certain areas. In addition to other data, this data may be helpful in many planning processes where it is important to focus on the identification of peoples with their environment and the uniqueness (or missing uniqueness)of each part of the landscape - especially on a bigger scale, where field work and data acquisition is not always possible.
The map consists of two parts. First, the spatial pattern of photos is shown as dots of different size and color. The size indicates first level clustering, which shows different locations of interest. The second level of clustering was calculated using the Gettis-Ord GI-Star statistic, which evaluates the data (number of photos taken at certain locations) by comparing the local mean to the global mean and then determining whether the difference between them is statistically significant. The results are displayed in different color variations: red for hot spots where significant more pictures were taken compared to the overall area of investigation and blue for cool spots, which means given the overall area of investigation, these areas do not get as much attention.Second, the tags for each photo were evaluated to label certain areas. The font size was determined using a formula, which in-
cludes the number of occurrences of each tag in a certain area. In addition, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear are written in bold. This way, tags which were only used by a minority of photographers appear small on the map, whereas statistically often used tags appear bigger. The placement for each tag is calculated by determining the arithmetic center of each tag cluster, but in areas where tags accumulate the placement can shift.
It is important to keep two things in mind:1. This map shows what is statistically influencing the perception. This means that labels may occur at different places compared to where the actual "object" is located (i.e. the Golden Gate Bridge influences people’s perception at many places in the Bay Area but exists only once). Usually this means, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear (written in bold) is also the location where the object itself is located.2. The analysis is based on the data of a limited group of people (the photographers) and a limited period of time (1/1/2006 to 10/01/2011). This means in this particular analysis, 4964 unique photographers took 129.397 photos during this period, which are georeferenced in this area. Ultimately, the data shows only what was or is important to this limited group of people and therefore should be treated with caution and carefull interpretation for use in planning purposes.
Abstract Legend
fortmasonLight-Grey Color/ Shown in Background for most used Tags:
Number of occurrences:
Scale 1:1500
!(!(!(
high
FORTMASON1 01 0
20
20
30
30
4 04 0
3 03 0
Spatial Pattern-Analysis of Flickr-Photo DistributionSpatiotemporal Tag Cloud Chelsea "Highline", Manhattan, New York
10/25/2011, Alexander Dunkel"Network-Landscapes - New control options for Landscape and Environmental Planning through the use of internet-based, international, locative media data streams."
PhD advisor: Prof. Dr. C. Schmidt, Dresden University of Technology, Germany
!(
!(
!(
!(Z-ScoreRange
< -0.80
-0.80 - -0.40
-0.39 - 0.0
0.1 - 2.0
2.1 - 4.0
4.1 - 6.0
> 6.0
Second Level Clustering:Color Hot-Spot-Analysis
!(Dis
trib
utio
n of
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es
First Level Clustering:SizeNumber of Photos
1050
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1
}Significant Cold Spots
}Significant HotSpots
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s
Font Size:
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1
highlinhighlinehighline
Font Weight/ Color:
highline
highlineBold font weight for the densest area for each Tag used:
Normal font weight and dark-grey Font Color for all other values:
highline
Please note: because of accumulation of tags in certain areas, only a fraction of available tags can be shown on the map above.
The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the spatial pattern of geotagged images from Flickr, which is a widely used Photo-Sharing-Community. The result map can be described best as a statistically weighted map of what is influencing people’s perception at certain areas. In addition to other data, this data may be helpful in many planning processes where it is important to focus on the identification of peoples with their environment and the uniqueness (or missing uniqueness)of each part of the landscape - especially on a bigger scale, where field work and data acquisition is not always possible.
The map consists of two parts. First, the spatial pattern of photos is shown as dots of different size and color. The size indicates first level clustering, which shows different locations of interest. The second level of clustering was calculated using the Gettis-Ord GI-Star statistic, which evaluates the data (number of photos taken at certain locations) by comparing the local mean to the global mean and then determining whether the difference between them is statistically significant. The results are displayed in different color variations: red for hot spots where significant more pictures were taken compared to the overall area of investigation and blue for cool spots, which means given the overall area of investigation, these areas do not get as much attention.Second, the tags for each photo were evaluated to label certain areas. The font size was determined using a formula, which in-
cludes the number of occurrences of each tag in a certain area. In addition, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear are written in bold. This way, tags which were only used by a minority of photographers appear small on the map, whereas statistically often used tags appear bigger. The placement for each tag is calculated by determining the arithmetic center of each tag cluster, but in areas where tags accumulate the placement can shift.
It is important to keep two things in mind:1. This map shows what is statistically influencing the perception. This means that labels may occur at different places compared to where the actual "object" is located (i.e. the Golden Gate Bridge influences people’s perception at many places in the Bay Area but exists only once). Usually this means, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear (written in bold) is also the location where the object itself is located.2. The analysis is based on the data of a limited group of people (the photographers) and a limited period of time (1/1/2006 to 10/01/2011). This means in this particular analysis, 4964 unique photographers took 129.397 photos during this period, which are georeferenced in this area. Ultimately, the data shows only what was or is important to this limited group of people and therefore should be treated with caution and carefull interpretation for use in planning purposes.
Abstract Legend
highlineLight-Grey Color/ Shown in Background for most used Tags:
Number of occurrences:
Scale 1:1500
2012/11/14, Alexander Dunkel
Fig.1: Area where people tagged “fortmason”.
fortmas
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SELFPORTRAIT
LIGHTS
MARINAGREEN
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MOSTLYSUNNY
CONFERENCE
MONOCHROME
BRIDGE
OSPREY
WESTERNGULLNATIONALPARK
WEATHERBUGFOURTHOFJULY
FOUNDINSF
SPRING
WATERFRONT
MERMAID
PIER39
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WILDLIFE
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MARINADISTRICT
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RESTAURANT
NORTHPOINT
FLOWERS
MARINADISTRICT
CABLECAR
AQUATICPARK
MUSEUM
PALACEOFFINEARTS
UNITEDSTATESNAVY
HISTORICAL
APARTMENTS
SUSPENSIONBRIDGE
FISHERMANSWHARF
FORTMASONCENTER
CHESTNUTSTREET
SFCHRONICLE96HRS
CHOCOLATE
GOLDENGATEBRIDGE
EARLYBIRD
LARUSOCCIDENTALIS
BAYBRIDGE
NIGHTPHOTOGRAPHY
NORTHPOINTSTREET
MADONNA
WEATHERBUG
STREETPHOTOGRAPHY
NORTHERNCALIFORNIA
AUTOMOBILE
ISLAND
BRANNAN
ABANDONED
NATIONALPARKSERVICE
PATRIOTS
BRANNAN
HIGHWAY101
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BEARD
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DECEMBER
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GULL
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STRUCTURE
CLOUDS
SHOW
BIRD
SUNSET
TWILIGHT
LORDKELVIN
ORANGE
SKYSCRAPERAMARO
DAWN
MASON
INAS1969FILM
BLUE
WOOD
LIGHTS
ISLAND
AIRCRAFTWHITE
BAYBRIDGE
CHINESE
FISHERMAN
NATIONAL
BOATS
LIGHTHOUSE
EVENING
FLEET
BALCLUTHA
DOWNTOWN
THEROCK
EPPLETONHALL
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PYRAMID
CROWD
BROWNPELICAN
SAILBOAT
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NIGHT
LIGHTS
OCEAN
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DEMONSTRATION
BUILDING
DIAMOND
TRANSAMERICA
GLASS
SEAGULLS
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PERSPECTIVE
PAINTING
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RUSSIANHILLPARK
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BROWNPELICAN
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ALCATRAZISLAND
SUNSET
ARTDECO
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FLEETWEEK2010
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HYDESTREETPIER
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PIER
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REFLECTION
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TRANSAMERICA
RESTAURANT
ALCATRAZ
FORTMASONCENTER
FIREWORKSSANFRANCISCOCA
ARCHITECTURE
SANFRANCISCOMARITIMEMUSEUM
ALCATRAZISLAND
BLUEANGELS
SANFRANCISCOMARITIMEMUSEUM
FLEETWEEK
GHIRARDELLISQUARE
FLEETWEEK
NORTHERNCALIFORNIA
ROBOGAMES
TRANSAMERICA
TRANSAMERICABUILDING
OFFTHEGRID
BLUEANGELS
TRANSAMERICAPYRAMID
RENEGADECRAFTFAIR
GOLDENGATENATIONALRECREATIONAREA
EMBARCADERO
LONGNOWFOUNDATION
FOUNTAIN
SANFRANCISCOMARITIMENATIONALHISTORICALPARK
GOLDENGATEBRIDGE
MARITIMEMUSEUM
BALCLUTHA
FISHERMANSWHARF1 01 0
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3 03 0
Spatial Pattern-Analysis of Flickr-Photo DistributionSpatiotemporal Tag Cloud Fort Mason Center, San Francisco
10/25/2011, Alexander Dunkel"Network-Landscapes - New control options for Landscape and Environmental Planning through the use of internet-based, international, locative media data streams."
PhD advisor: Prof. Dr. C. Schmidt, Dresden University of Technology, Germany
!(Z-ScoreRange
< -0.80
-0.80 - -0.40
-0.39 - 0.0
0.1 - 2.0
2.1 - 4.0
4.1 - 6.0
> 6.0
Second Level Clustering:Color Hot-Spot-Analysis
Dis
trib
utio
n of
Imag
es
First Level Clustering:SizeNumber of Photos
510
20
> 50
1
}Significant Cold Spots
}Significant HotSpots
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
Dis
trib
utio
n of
Tag
s
Font Size:
10
50
100
> 200
1
fortmason
fortmasonfortmason
Font Weight/ Color:
fortmason
fortmasonBold font weight for the densest area for each Tag used:
Normal font weight and dark-grey Font Color for all other values:
fortmason
Please note: because of accumulation of tags in certain areas, only a fraction of available tags can be shown on the map above.
The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the spatial pattern of geotagged images from Flickr, which is a widely used Photo-Sharing-Community. The result map can be described best as a statistically weighted map of what is influencing people’s perception at certain areas. In addition to other data, this data may be helpful in many planning processes where it is important to focus on the identification of peoples with their environment and the uniqueness (or missing uniqueness)of each part of the landscape - especially on a bigger scale, where field work and data acquisition is not always possible.
The map consists of two parts. First, the spatial pattern of photos is shown as dots of different size and color. The size indicates first level clustering, which shows different locations of interest. The second level of clustering was calculated using the Gettis-Ord GI-Star statistic, which evaluates the data (number of photos taken at certain locations) by comparing the local mean to the global mean and then determining whether the difference between them is statistically significant. The results are displayed in different color variations: red for hot spots where significant more pictures were taken compared to the overall area of investigation and blue for cool spots, which means given the overall area of investigation, these areas do not get as much attention.Second, the tags for each photo were evaluated to label certain areas. The font size was determined using a formula, which in-
cludes the number of occurrences of each tag in a certain area. In addition, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear are written in bold. This way, tags which were only used by a minority of photographers appear small on the map, whereas statistically often used tags appear bigger. The placement for each tag is calculated by determining the arithmetic center of each tag cluster, but in areas where tags accumulate the placement can shift.
It is important to keep two things in mind:1. This map shows what is statistically influencing the perception. This means that labels may occur at different places compared to where the actual "object" is located (i.e. the Golden Gate Bridge influences people’s perception at many places in the Bay Area but exists only once). Usually this means, the cluster of each tag where the most occurrences appear (written in bold) is also the location where the object itself is located.2. The analysis is based on the data of a limited group of people (the photographers) and a limited period of time (1/1/2006 to 10/01/2011). This means in this particular analysis, 4964 unique photographers took 129.397 photos during this period, which are georeferenced in this area. Ultimately, the data shows only what was or is important to this limited group of people and therefore should be treated with caution and carefull interpretation for use in planning purposes.
Abstract Legend
fortmasonLight-Grey Color/ Shown in Background for most used Tags:
Number of occurrences:
Scale 1:1500
!(!(!(
5600m
0 10 20 30 40 50
goldengatebridgealcatraz
baybridgemarina
goldengateart
foodwatergatepark
goldenrisepier
fleetweekboat
statuemason
offthegridflowers
fortsunset
sculpturetree
blueangelsblue
flowerredbirdship
airshowfogsign
whiteocean
earlybirdmarinadistrict
treesexploratorium
windfortmasoncenter
boatsseagullgreen
robogamesgreensharbor
skyorchidyellowisland
citysutro
jetsailboat
birdsgardengrasstravel
brannanbuilding
renegadecraftfairfilmrust
robotjetscraft
streetseasail
showclouds
reflectionchocolate
peoplerestaurant
prisonhornet
alcatrazislandfoodtruck
weatherbughill
goldengatenationalrecreationareafestivalpavilion
fairface
orangefortmasongreen
nightaquaticpark
metalpacificairmedog
sierrafestival
renegadeglass
robotsangelssailingfleet
presidiowarehouse
truckrobogames2007
vacationboeingorchidsairplaneshadoworacleroofgull
waterfrontpalm
valenciachain
patriotsweekpiersplaneview
sailboatschirp
airsun
crowdbeer
fireworkslongnowbicycle
madonnafishermanswharf
woodfly
skylinetherock
navymistbun
combatlordkelvin
longnowfoundationdesign
museumlinesrebarhouseferrydogs
leavesdancer
fireinterior
creatorsprojectwekfestcoffee
militarychairmanbao
coastchairparty
helicoptercolor
municipalpierceilingdocksdock
1 - 3
3 - 4
4 - 5
5 - 6
6 - 7
7 - 8
8 - 9
9 - 10
10 - 11
11+
alca
traz
56 S
ight
ings
306
7m
goldengatebridge101 Sightings
306
7m
306
7m
fortmason9947 Photos
Mar - Oct2116 Sightings
1188
13178
1 2 3 4 5
6
11 13 14 15
16
1
7
18
1
9
20
2 2
TAGS USED AT FORT MASON CENTEROR: WHAT IS THIS PLACE ABOUT? WHAT DO PEOPLE SEE?
SPATIAL ACCUMULATION OF OVERLAYING TAG LAYERSHOW MANY UNIQUE TAG CLUSTERS CAN BE FOUND AT EACH SINGLE LOCATION?OR: HOW MANY DIFFERENT VISUAL INFLUENCES?
NUMBER OF TAG LAYERS:
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec300
500
700
900
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Datenreihen1
POPULAR MONTHJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 - 3
3 - 4
4 - 5
5 - 6
6 - 7
7 - 8
8 - 9
9 - 10
10 - 11
11+
11797
I M
PO
RT
AN
T E
L E M E N T S I N F L U E N C I N G
P E R C
EP
TI O
N
AT
FO
RT
MA
SO
N
P O P UL
AR
TI
ME
1 - 3
3 - 4
4 - 5
5 - 6
6 - 7
7 - 8
8 - 9
9 - 10
10 - 11
11+
distance and direction to densest cluster
overall number of sightings in the bay area
5600m
0 10 20 30 40 50
goldengatebridgealcatraz
baybridgemarina
goldengateart
foodwatergatepark
goldenrisepier
fleetweekboat
statuemason
offthegridflowers
fortsunset
sculpturetree
blueangelsblue
flowerredbirdship
airshowfogsign
whiteocean
earlybirdmarinadistrict
treesexploratorium
windfortmasoncenter
boatsseagullgreen
robogamesgreensharbor
skyorchidyellowisland
citysutro
jetsailboat
birdsgardengrasstravel
brannanbuilding
renegadecraftfairfilmrust
robotjetscraft
streetseasail
showclouds
reflectionchocolate
peoplerestaurant
prisonhornet
alcatrazislandfoodtruck
weatherbughill
goldengatenationalrecreationareafestivalpavilion
fairface
orangefortmasongreen
nightaquaticpark
metalpacificairmedog
sierrafestival
renegadeglass
robotsangelssailingfleet
presidiowarehouse
truckrobogames2007
vacationboeingorchidsairplaneshadoworacleroofgull
waterfrontpalm
valenciachain
patriotsweekpiersplaneview
sailboatschirp
airsun
crowdbeer
fireworkslongnowbicycle
madonnafishermanswharf
woodfly
skylinetherock
navymistbun
combatlordkelvin
longnowfoundationdesign
museumlinesrebarhouseferrydogs
leavesdancer
fireinterior
creatorsprojectwekfestcoffee
militarychairmanbao
coastchairparty
helicoptercolor
municipalpierceilingdocksdock
1 - 3
3 - 4
4 - 5
5 - 6
6 - 7
7 - 8
8 - 9
9 - 10
10 - 11
11+
alca
traz
56 S
ight
ings
306
7m
goldengatebridge101 Sightings
306
7m
306
7m
fortmason9947 Photos
Mar - Oct2116 Sightings
1188
13178
1 2 3 4 5
6
11 13 14 15
16
1
7
18
1
9
20
2 2
TAGS USED AT FORT MASON CENTEROR: WHAT IS THIS PLACE ABOUT? WHAT DO PEOPLE SEE?
SPATIAL ACCUMULATION OF OVERLAYING TAG LAYERSHOW MANY UNIQUE TAG CLUSTERS CAN BE FOUND AT EACH SINGLE LOCATION?OR: HOW MANY DIFFERENT VISUAL INFLUENCES?
NUMBER OF TAG LAYERS:
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec300
500
700
900
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Datenreihen1
POPULAR MONTHJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1 - 3
3 - 4
4 - 5
5 - 6
6 - 7
7 - 8
8 - 9
9 - 10
10 - 11
11+
11797
I M
PO
RT
AN
T E
L E M E N T S I N F L U E N C I N G
P E R C
EP
TI O
N
AT
FO
RT
MA
SO
N
P O P UL
AR
TI
ME
1 - 3
3 - 4
4 - 5
5 - 6
6 - 7
7 - 8
8 - 9
9 - 10
10 - 11
11+
distance and direction to densest cluster
overall number of sightings in the bay area