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B XY DNG
QUY TRNH BO TR CC CNG TRNH THP THU PHT SNG
VIN THNG, TRUYN THANH, TRUYN HNH
(Km theo Quyt nh s 55/Q-BXD ngy 25/01/2017 ca B trng B Xy dng)
H NI, 2016
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B XY DNG
QUY TRNH BO TR CC CNG TRNH THP THU PHT SNG
VIN THNG, TRUYN THANH, TRUYN HNH
Ch nhim d n: PGS.TS. Phm Minh H
Ph ch nhim: ThS. Hong Hi
Th k: ThS. Nguyn Vit Sn
Thnh vin chnh: TS. Nguyn i Minh
PGS.TS. Trn Chng
PGS.TS. V Quc Anh
TS. V Thnh Trung
TS. Nguyn Hi Quang
ThS. Vn Mnh
ThS. Ng Tinh Ty
ThS. Kiu Tun Dng
ThS. L Ngc Qu
CN. L Th Mai Hoa
Ngy thng nm 2016 Ngy thng nm 2016
TH TRNG C QUAN CH NHIM D N
CH TR D N
Ngy thng nm 2016 Ngy thng nm 2016
TH TRNG C QUAN CH TCH HI NG
QUN L D N NH GI CHNH THC
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3
LI NI U
Quy trnh bo tr cc cng trnh thp thu pht sng vin thng, truyn
thanh, truyn hnh do Cc Gim nh nh nc v cht lng cng trnh xy
dng bin son, B Xy dng ban hnh.
Quy trnh ny l ti liu k thut cc t chc, c nhn c lin quan
tham kho, s dng vo vic thc hin cng tc bo tr cng trnh thp thu
pht sng vin thng, truyn thanh, truyn hnh.
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4
Mc c
1. C s xut quy trnh bo tr ............................................................................... 6
1.1. Cn c vo cc vn bn php lut Vit Nam ........................................................... 6
1.2. Hin trng thc t cc cng trnh truyn thng Vit Nam................................... 6
1.3. Vn bo tr cng trnh thp truyn thng trn th gii ....................................... 6
2. i tng v phm vi p dng ............................................................................... 6
3. Mt s vn c bn ca bo tr ............................................................................ 6
4. Cc quy nh v an ton khi bo tr trm thu pht sng ......................................... 7
5. S thc hin cng tc bo tr ............................................................................. 8
6. Quy trnh bo tr ..................................................................................................... 9
6.1. Thut ng v nh ngha ........................................................................................... 9
6.2. Cn c xy dng quy trnh bo tr .......................................................................... 10
6.3. Kim tra ban u ..................................................................................................... 11
6.4. Kim tra nh k ...................................................................................................... 14
6.5. Kim tra bt thng ................................................................................................ 15
6.6. Kim tra chi tit ....................................................................................................... 16
7. Bo dng ............................................................................................................ 18
7.1. Nguyn tc chung .................................................................................................... 18
7.2. Bo dng ct thp, dy neo .................................................................................. 18
7.3. Bo dng h thng tip a ................................................................................... 20
7.4. Bo dng, vn hnh h thng in chiu sng v thit b .................................. 23
7.5. Kim tra bo dng h thng n bo khng ....................................................... 24
8. Sa cha kt cu cng trnh ................................................................................. 24
8.1. Nguyn tc chung .................................................................................................... 24
8.2. Cc vn lin quan n sa cha phn kt cu b tng ct thp ...................... 24
8.3. Sa cha kt cu h hng do ln nn mng .......................................................... 28
8.4. Sa cha kt cu h hng do tc ng ca mi trng vng bin ...................... 29
8.5. Cc vn lin quan n sa cha phn thn ct thp......................................... 31
8.6. Sa cha phn h thng tip t ............................................................................. 32
8.7. Sa cha phn h thng cu cp, thang cp, thang leo ......................................... 33
TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................ 34
PH LC ................................................................................................................. 36
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5
Ph lc 2.1 Cc biu m u............................................................................................... 36
Ph lc 2.2 Phng php quan trc thng, nghing, vn xon ct anten ........... 46
Ph lc 2.3 Yu cu k thut v quy trnh lp dng, cng chnh ct thp dy neo 48
Ph lc 2.4 Quy trnh sit kha cp dy neo ............................................................. 50
Ph lc 2.5 Mt s phng php o lc cng ........................................................... 51
Ph lc 2.6 Quy trnh cng tc lm sch han r v cng tc sn .............................. 57
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1. C s xut quy trnh bo tr
1.1. Cn c vo cc vn bn php ut Vit Nam
- Lut xy dng s 50/2014/QH13.
- Ngh nh s 46/2015/N-CP ngy 12/05/2015 ca Chnh ph v qun l
cht lng v bo tr cng trnh xy dng.
- Thng t s 26/2016/TT-BXD ngy 26/10/2016 ca B xy dng Quy nh
chi tit mt s ni dung v qun l cht lng v bo tr cng trnh xy dng.
- Vn bn s 5319/VNPT-VT ngy 20/12/2010 ca Tp on bu chnh
truyn thng Vit Nam ban hnh yu cu k thut v c s h tng trm thu pht
gc mng thng tin di ng (BTS/Node B).
- Thng t s 29/2014/TT-BTTTT ngy 31/12/2014 ca B trng B
Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh nh mc kinh t - k thut bo tr thit b tn
s v tuyn in.
1.2. Hin trng thc t cc cng trnh truyn thng Vit Nam
Qua qu trnh kho st hin trng thc t cc cng trnh thp truyn thng
thy rng hu ht cc h s kho st, thit k, qun l cht lng thi cng lp dng
khng cn lu gi c. Cc ct khng c quy trnh bo tr, khng c k hoch bo
tr, bo dng theo nh k. Ring trong nm 2014 v nm 2015 c mt s cng
trnh c thc hin bo dng v kim nh cht lng.
1.3. Vn bo tr cng trnh thp truyn thng trn th gii
Qua cc ti liu tham kho [23, 24, 26, 26] thy rng vic bo tr ct thp
vin thng thuc quyn v trch nhim ca ch s hu cng trnh. Nu Ch s hu
cng trnh khng phi l n v s dng th Ch s hu cng trinh s giao cho n
v s dng thc hin trch nhim ny.
n v s dng c trch nhim lu gi cc h s v bo tr Ch s hu c
th kim tra vi cc ni dung sau: quy trnh bo tr, k hoch bo tr, bo dng
theo nh k, s theo di v bo tr, cc bin ban nghim thu cng tc bo tr.
2. i tng v phm vi p dng
Quy trnh ny ny l ti liu k thut cc t chc, c nhn c lin quan
tham kho, s dng vo vic thc hin cng tc bo tr cng trnh thp thu pht
sng vin thng, truyn thanh, truyn hnh nhm m bo cng trnh lun c an
ton v lm vic bnh thng trong qu trnh s dng.
3. Mt s vn c bn ca bo tr
Mi kt cu cn c thc hin ch bo tr trong sut tui th cng trnh
theo yu cu ca thit k. Cc kt cu mi xy dng cn c thc hin bo tr t
ngay khi a vo s dng. Cc kt cu sa cha c bt u cng tc bo tr ngay
sau khi sa cha xong.
Cc kt cu ang s dng, nu cha thc hin bo tr, th cn bt u ngay
cng tc bo tr.
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Khi bn giao cng trnh cho ngi qun l s dng th ch u t phi bn
giao quy trnh bo tr cho ngi qun l s dng cng trnh.
Ngi qun l, s dng cng trnh phi c quy trnh bo tr cng trnh.
Trng hp cng trnh ang s dng m cha c quy trnh bo tr th ngi qun l
s dng phi lp quy trnh bo tr trnh ch s hu cng trnh ph duyt.
H s, ti liu v vic bo tr cng trnh phi c ngi qun l s dng
cng trnh bo qun lu tr.
4. Cc quy nh v an ton khi bo tr trm thu pht sng
Vic bo dng nh k trm truyn thng phi do nhng ngi c o
to y kin thc v an ton, cc ni dung k thut bo dng cn thc hin,
c kim tra sc kho nu cn thit.
Trch nhim ca mi ngi l phi m bo an ton cho chnh h, cho ng
nghip v cho tt c nhng thit b lin quan.
Cc cn b cng nhn lm vic trn cao phi c chng ch hnh ngh v
c khm sc kho nh k trc khi tro cao. c bc s chng nhn sc
kho lm cng vic trn cao.
Ch nhng ngi c o to v ct cao, c chng nhn mi c cng
tc trn ct cao.
Khng c s dng cc cht kch thch trc khi cng tc trn ct cao.
Khi lm vic trn trn ct cao, phi tht dy an ton, c m bo h, ti ng
dng c thun tin, chc chn, trnh ri vt, dng c t trn cao xung.
Khi lm vic trong cc iu kin nguy him phi c ngi theo di, gim st
v h tr.
Phi c tp hun, st hch t yu cu v cc quy trnh an ton, quy trnh
tc nghip cho tng loi cng vic nh: hn in, hn hi, co r, k thut an ton
khi lm vic trn cao, an ton in v cc quy trnh ca cng ty, ca ngnh.
Mi ngi phi c trang b y phng tin bo v c nhn theo quy
nh ca nh nc, ca ngnh, ca cng ty; c dng c theo yu cu ca cng
vic, cc dng c ny phi m bo. Mi dng c s dng in phi kim tra cch
in trc khi s dng; tt c cc dy in phi m bo cch in, khng t h,
nhng mi ni dy phi bng bc bng bng cch in. Cm dng mng mng ti
ni lng bng bc thay cho bng cch in. Vi dy d n hn in, ti cc mi ni
phi dng bng cch nhit.
Khi lm vic vi thit b in phi mc tt c qun o khng d n in, hoc
c th u phi bc bng vt liu cch in. Khi ni hoc tho cc thit b lin kt
vi ngun ang hot ng phi bo v mt bng mt n, knh.
Tt c cc dng c phi c bc nha trnh chp in gia ng d n v
kim loi ni t. Khng chp nhn vic dng bng dnh qun dng c. S dng
cc loi thang khng d n in.
Cm tin hnh cng vic trn ct thp khi tri ma to, gi ln, c ging st
hoc khng nh sng lm vic.
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Cm b tr cng nhn lm vic cc cao khc nhau nhng cng phng
thng ng.
Cng nhn hn trn cao phi c khay treo hng x hn, mu que hn, ph
liu. Tt c cc chi tit hn ct trn ct phi c treo buc, ging no, hm gi khi
ct hoc trong qu trnh a ln, h xung. Khi hn ct b mt b tng phi c vt
cch nhit k lt phng b tng gin n nhit, nt v bn vo ngi. Khi thay
que hn hay tm dng hn ct phi ct in my hn. V th, phi c ngi trc tip
gim st di t, cnh my hn. c bit trc khi hn ct, phi kim tra, c
bin php phng chy n xy ra pha di. Cm hn ct khi pha di c vt
liu d chy n hoc c ng dy mang in.
Cng nhn lm cng vic g co r, sn, c b tng cn phi s dng khu
trang v knh bo h lao ng (s 0). Lm trn cao hay cc v tr nguy him d
ng phi s dng dy lng an ton, hoc lp gin gio, li bo him.
Xung quanh chn ct phi lm hng ro chn bin bo, c ngi gim st
cnh gii, khng cho ngi khng nhim v xm nhp vo khu vc ang thi cng.
Khng c ng chm ti cc thit b truyn thng ang hot ng. Trnh
nhng chn ng mnh khi thi cng lm gin on thng tin lin lc.
5. S thc hin cng tc bo tr
Trn hnh 1 th hin trnh t cc bc bo tr thp vin thng. Qua qu trnh
kim tra ban u hoc nh k hoc bt thng nu pht hin c yu t khng m
bo theo yu cu ca thit k th tin hnh kim tra chi tit. Sau khi kim tra chi tit
s a ra kt lun c cn kim nh khng hay ch cn sa cha l c. Sau khi
kim nh (nu cn) s a ra kt lun l c sa cha hay kt thc s dng cng
trnh .
i vi qu trnh kim tra nh k, nu khng c thy yu t khng m bo
theo yu cu ca thit k th tin hnh bo dng nh k ri lu tr h s phc
v kim tra.
i vi qu trnh kim tra bt thng hoc kim tra ban u nu khng thy
yu t khng m bo theo yu cu ca thit k th tin hnh lu tr h s phc
v kim tra.
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Hnh 1. S thc hin cng tc bo tr
6. Quy trnh bo tr
6.1. Thut ng v nh ngha
Bo tr cng trnh xy dng l tp hp cc cng vic nhm bo m v duy
tr s lm vic bnh thng, an ton ca cng trnh theo quy nh ca thit k trong
qu trnh khai thc s dng. Ni dung bo tr cng trnh xy dng c th bao gm
mt, mt s hoc ton b cc cng vic sau: Kim tra, quan trc, kim nh cht
lng, bo dng v sa cha cng trnh nhng khng bao gm cc hot ng lm
thay i cng nng, quy m cng trnh.
Quy trnh bo tr cng trnh xy dng l ti liu quy nh v trnh t, ni
dung v ch d n thc hin cc cng vic bo tr cng trnh xy dng.
Kim tra cng trnh: l vic xem xt bng trc quan hoc bng thit b
chuyn dng nh gi hin trng cng trnh nhm pht hin cc du hiu h
hng ca cng trnh.
Kim tra
bt thng
Kim tra
nh k
Bo dng
nh k
Kim tra
chi tit
Kim nh
Sa cha
Kt thc s
dng cng trnh
Sa cha nh
Lu h s tip tc
s dng cng trnh
Kt thc
Kim tra
ban u
Thp truyn thng, yu cu thit
k
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Quan trc cng trnh l hot ng theo di, o c, ghi nhn s bin i v
hnh hc, bin dng, chuyn dch v cc thng s k thut khc ca cng trnh v
mi trng xung quanh theo thi gian.
Trc c cng trnh l hot ng o c xc nh v tr, hnh dng, kch
thc ca a hnh, cng trnh xy dng phc v thi cng xy dng, qun l cht
lng, bo tr v gii quyt s c cng trnh xy dng.
Kim nh xy dng l hot ng kim tra, nh gi cht lng hoc nguyn
nhn h hng, gi tr, thi hn s dng v cc thng s k thut khc ca sn phm
xy dng, b phn cng trnh hoc cng trnh xy dng thng qua quan trc, th
nghim kt hp vi vic tnh ton, phn tch.
Bo dng cng trnh l cc hot ng (theo di, chm sc, sa cha nhng
h hng nh, duy tu thit b lp t vo cng trnh) c tin hnh thng xuyn,
nh k duy tr cng trnh trng thi khai thc, s dng bnh thng v hn ch
pht sinh h hng cng trnh.
Ch s hu cng trnh l c nhn, t chc c quyn s hu cng trnh theo
quy nh ca php lut.
Ngi qun l, s dng cng trnh l ch s hu trong trng hp ch s
hu trc tip qun l, s dng cng trnh hoc l ngi c c ch s hu cng
trnh y quyn qun l, s dng cng trnh trong trng hp ch s hu khng trc
tip qun l, s dng cng trnh.
Sa cha cng trnh l vic khc phc h hng ca cng trnh c pht hin
trong qu trnh khai thc, s dng nhm m bo s lm vic bnh thng v an
ton ca cng trnh.
6.2. Cn c xy dng quy trnh bo tr
xy dng quy trnh bo tr cn phi tham kho v da trn cc ti liu
sau:
- Lut xy dng s 50/2014/QH13.
- Ngh nh s 46/2015/N-CP ngy 12/05/2015 ca Chnh ph v qun l
cht lng v bo tr cng trnh xy dng.
- Thng t s 26/2016/TT-BXD ngy 26/10/2016 ca B xy dng Quy nh
chi tit mt s ni dung v qun l cht lng v bo tr cng trnh xy dng..
- Thng t s 29/2014/TT-BTTTT ngy 31/12/2014 ca B Thng tin v
Truyn thng ban hnh nh mc kinh t - k thut bo tr thit b tn s v tuyn
in.
- Quy chun k thut quc gia v vic tip t cho cc trm truyn thng
QCVN 9: 2010/BTTTT
- Quy trnh duy tu bo dng mng Vit Nam Mobifone
- Quy trnh bo dng BTS, Tp on Bu chnh truyn thng
- Quy trnh bo dng Cng ty cng trnh Viettel, 2010.
- Quy trnh kim tra bo dng ct Anten, Cng ty c phn t vn thit k
bu chnh truyn thng. 2015.
file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/QCVN%209-2010%20(tiep%20dat%20cho%20cac%20tram%20vien%20thong).pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/BaoDuongTram%20(3).xlsfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/documents.tips_2slide-quy-trinh-bao-duong.pptxfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/QT.BD.BTS.KT.01.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Quy%20trinh%20bao%20duong%20cot%20anten.doc
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- Quy trnh bo dng sa cha, ng cu h tng thit b mng truyn
thng Mobile
- Quyt nh v vic ban hnh nh mc trong TXD, Tp on bu
chnh truyn thng Vit Nam, 2013. S: 06/Q VNPT HTV - KH
- Quyt nh v vic ph duyt v ban hnh quy nh v chun ha thit k
v Tng chi ban u xy dng c s h tng Mng li thng tin di ng, Tp
on bu chnh truyn thng Vit Nam, Cng ty thng tin di ng, 2014. S
830/Q VMS TXD
- Quyt nh v vic ban hnh nh mc kinh t - k thut, Tp on Bu
chnh truyn thng Vit Nam, 2008. S: 84/Q KHM HQT
- Quyt nh v vic ban hnh Quy trnh Qun l vn hnh v sa cha
ng dy trn khng in p 220 kV, 500kV, Tp on in lc Vit Nam
Tng cng ty truyn ti quc gia. S: 1712 / Q EVNNPT. 2013
- Cm nang hng d n xy lp bo dng trm BTS ca mng Viettel
- Yu cu k thut v c s h tng trm thu pht gc mng thng tin di
ng (BTS/NODEB), Tp on bu chnh truyn thng Vit Nam
- Hng d n s dng my o cng ca cp
- Hng d n ci t tham s my o lc cng cp thp dy co ct Anten!.
Cng ty Cng trnh Viettel.
- Hng d n lp t kho cp v lc cng ca dy cp thp!. Cng ty Cng
trnh Viettel.
- Guyed tower inspection and Maintenance. Electronics Research, Inc.
- Self supporting tower inspection and Maintenance. Electronics Research,
Inc.
- Annex E: tower maintenance and inspection procedures
- Structural Standard for Antenna Supporting Structures and Antennas
Addendum2 Tia standard tia 222 G 2.
- Structural Standards for Steel Antenna Towers and Antenna Supporting
Structures Tia/Eia standard, Tia/Eia 222 F.
- Tower test procedures the Torque Test and Paint Test. Htc/Nortel cdma
2000 1x project.
6.3. Kim tra ban u
a) Nguyn tc chung
Kim tra ban u c thc hin sau 3 thng k t thi im nghim thu
cng trnh a vo s dng. i vi cng trnh sa cha v gia cng th kim tra
ban u c thc hin ngay sau khi sa cha v gia cng xong.
i vi nhng cng trnh ang tn ti m cha c kim tra ban u th bt k
ln kim tra u tin no cng c th coi l kim tra ban u.
file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/QUYTRN-1%20(2).PDFfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/QUYTRN-1%20(2).PDFfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/06_QD_VNPT_HDTV_KH_09_01_2013.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/830-QD-VMS.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Dinh%20muc%20cot%20cao%20(5).pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Quy%20trinh%20QLVH-SC%20DDK220-500kV%202013.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Cam%20nang%20huong%20dan%20xay%20lap%20bao%20duong%20tram%20BTS_ver6.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Yeu_cau_ky_thuat_ve_CSHT_tram_thu_phat_goc_VNPT.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/HDSD%20may%20do%20do%20cang%20cua%20cap.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/huong%20dan%20cai%20dat%20may%20do%20Dillon.pptfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/huong%20dan%20lap%20dat%20khoa%20cap.pptfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/GUYED%20TOWER%201.docfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/TIA-222-G-2009%20Final%20for%20publication%201.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/TIA-222-G-2009%20Final%20for%20publication%201.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/TIA,EIA.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/TIA,EIA.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Paint%20and%20Torque%20test.pdf
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Yu cu ca kim tra ban u l thit lp cc s liu o u tin ca cng
trnh, pht hin kp thi nhng sai st ban u v khc phc ngay a cng trnh
vo s dng.
Thnh phn kim tra ban u chnh l thnh phn thc hin nghim thu cng
trnh/hng mc a vo s dng ca ch u t hoc n v c giao qun l i
vi cc cng trnh ang tn ti m cha c kim tra ban u.
b) Bin php kim tra ban u
Kim tra ban u c tin hnh trn ton b kt cu cng trnh ca cng
trnh.
Phng php kim tra ch yu l bng trc quan, kt hp vi xem xt cc
bn v thit k, bn v hon cng v h s thi cng (nht k cng trnh, cc bin
bn kim tra c).
c) Ni dung kim tra ban u
Kim tra ban u gm c cc cng vic sau y:
- Kho st, thu thp s liu v nhng vn sau y:
+ Sai lch hnh hc.
+ Nghing, ln, bin dng.
+ Xut hin vt nt.
+ Tnh trng bong rp.
+ Tnh trng r thp.
+ Tnh trng bin mu mt ngoi.
+ Cht lng b tng.
+ in tr tip t, s thng sut, chc chn ca kim thu st, dy lin kt
+ H thng dy d n, n chiu sng v cc kh c in.
Kim tra phn mng
+ Mng khng b nt, khng b h ct thp v khng b xm thc.
+ Cc cu mng phi theo thit k.
+ t p chn mng ct c theo yu cu thit k.
+ Mng khng b ngp nc: Nu c b ngp th cc chi tit ngp nc
khng b han r v n mn.
+ Mng ct khng b ln v st l, khng b xm phm v o bi.
+ Kim tra, o c mng ct nh gi s chuyn v cc mng ct. nh gi
tnh trng lm vic ca mng ct, o c, kim tra s chnh lch cao cc bulng
chn ct.
+ nh chp h thng mng ct hin ti.
Kim tra phn thn thp
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13
+ Kim tra cu trc thp ca thn ct (thanh thp ch, thanh ging, vch
xin, thang cp, thang leo, sn cng tc, sn ngh): o c kch thc, nh gi tnh
trng hoen r, kim tra mi hn lin kt hoc h bu lng lin kt trong cu trc ct.
+ Dy co c b trng, c b tr nhm tng, nhm v tr khng.
+ Ct nghing, khng thng, vn xon khng.
+ Bu lng tng thp tr khng c sit cht.
+ Cc mng neo khng to thnh cc gc cn i.
+ Tng tng ht, khng cn khong h s dng cho cc ln tng
sau.
+ H thng kha cp lng.
+ Cc ph kin: tng , ma n, bu lng ni t cha c bi m chng
r.
+ H thng cu cp, thang cp, thang leo han r, yu, vng, sp
+ Kim tra cht cc bulng: phn trn cng, phn gia v phn cui ca
thp c kim tra. Cc bulng phi xit cht theo yu cu bulng ch chu
lc ko, khng b ct, mt lm vic l mt ma st ca mi ghp lin kt.
+ Kim tra 10% s bu lng, nu khng t th s tin hnh xit v kim tra
li ton b 100% s bu lng trn ct.
+ Kim tra khe h lp rp gia cc bn m sau khi xit bulng (tiu chun k
thut khe h 0,3mm).
+ Kim tra nghing v ln ca ct.
Kim tra thng ng ca thn ct phi thc hin trn hai phng ca gc
lng gic. lch tiu chun cho php l H/100 vi tt c cc cao (H: l chiu
cao ca ct). Thit b s dng l my kinh v hoc my ton c in t. Sau
in vo bng kim tra sau.
t ct Cao
nghing
S theo trc Theo trc
Y
Theo trc
X
Ton
phn
( m ) ( mm ) ( mm ) ( mm ) ( mm )
+ Cc thanh ca ct v x c b cong khng, c b r khng, cc thanh ging
ct, ging x, chiu ngh, thang tro vv c b thiu, mt, cong, vnh, r, nt, lng, vv
khng, c b rung mnh khi c gi khng.
y
x
-
14
+ Cc bn m c b nt mi hn, r, mt, lng bu lng khng.
+ Ct kim loi, tt c cc chi tit bng kim loi lp trn ct u phi c m
km hoc sn ph chng n mn.
+ Cc phn ct kim loi cc vng thng b ngp lt phi c qut mt
lp bi tum hoc pxi cao hn mc nc ngp ln nht l 0,5m.
+ Cc b phn ca ct thp, thanh ging, ... trong qu trnh vn hnh b r st,
b n mn qu 20% tit din ngang, b mt hoc b nt hoc b cong qu gii hn
cho php, ... th phi c sa cha thay th hoc tng cng.
+ Cc thanh mi c thay th phi c tit din v loi thp tng ng,
chiu di ph hp.
+ i vi cc ct cu to bng thp ng nu b r st nghim trng th phi
dng thit b siu m kim tra li dy ca thnh ng.
Xem xt h s hon cng nh gi cht lng phn khut ca kt cu
(bn v thit k, bn v hon cng, nht k cng trnh, cc bin bn kim tra).
Tin hnh th nghim b sung nu cn nhn bit r hn tnh trng cng
trnh i vi cng trnh ang tn ti, mi kim tra ln u.
Trng hp nghi ng c sai st quan trng th tin hnh thm kim tra chi
tit v ra bin php x l.
Ty theo tnh cht v iu kin mi trng lm vic ca cng trnh, ngi
thc hin kim tra ban u c th t trng tm cng tc kim tra vo nhng yu t
c nh hng quan trng ti bn lu ca cng trnh.
d) Ghi chp v lu tr h s
Ton b kt qu kho st, nh gi cht lng cng trnh cn c ghi chp
y v lu gi lu di cng h s hon cng ca cng trnh.
Ch cng trnh cn lu gi h s ny s dng cho nhng ln kim tra tip
theo v phc v cng tc kim tra ca cc c quan c thm quyn.
6.4. Kim tra nh k
a) Nguyn tc chung
Kim tra nh k c tin hnh i vi mi kt cu thuc cng trnh.
Kim tra nh k nhm pht hin kp thi nhng du hiu h hng ca kt
cu trong qu trnh s dng m vic kim tra ban u, bt thng khng nhn bit
c. T c bin php x l sm nhm duy tr tui th cng trnh.
b) Bin php kim tra nh k
Kim tra nh k c tin hnh trn ton b cng trnh.
Ch cng trnh c th t kim tra hoc thu cc n v c chuyn mn ph
hp thc hin vic kim tra nh k.
u tin cng trnh c kho st trc quan bng nhn v g nghe. Khi nghi
ng c h hng hoc suy gim cht lng th c th s dng phng php kim tra
khng ph hy m u kim tra.
c) Quy nh v k kim tra nh k
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15
Kim tra nh k c tin hnh theo tn sut nh sau:
+ Vng ven bin: khng qu 24 thng/ln.
+ Cc vng cn li: khng qu 30 thng/ln.
i vi cc cng trnh c bit, th nghim (mi trng khc nghit, ct cao
bin o, a cht yu, ) s tin hnh theo yu cu ca thit k.
Kim tra nh k c tin hnh trc khi bo dng nh k.
d) Ni dung kim tra nh k
Kim tra nh k c tin hnh theo ni dung ging nh ca kim tra ban
u nu mc trn.
) Ghi chp v lu gi h s
Ton b kt qu thc hin kim tra nh k cn ghi chp v lp thnh bin
bn phc v cng tc kim tra ca cc c quan c thm quyn.
6.5. Kim tra bt thng
a) Nguyn tc chung
Kim tra bt thng c tin hnh khi cng trnh c du hiu h hng do
tc ng t ngt ca cc yu t nh bo, lc, l lt, ng t, trt l t, va chm
vi tu xe, chy, n,
Trc, sau cc cn bo c cho l c nh hng n khu vc c cng trnh.
Yu cu ca kim tra bt thng l nm bt c hin trng, a ra kt lun
v yu cu x l, thc hin sa cha, khc phc.
Ch cng trnh c th t kim tra bt thng hoc thu mt n v c nng
lc ph hp thc hin.
b) Bin php kim tra bt thng
Kim tra bt thng c thc hin trn ton b hoc mt b phn cng
trnh.
Kim tra bt thng c thc hin ch yu bng quan st trc quan, g
nghe. Khi cn c th dng cc cng c n gin nh thc mt, qu di, c l lc.
Nu pht hin c hin tng bt thng, ngi thc hin kim tra cn a ra
kt lun c cn kim tra chi tit hay khng. Nu khng th ra ngay gii php sa
cha phc hi cng trnh. Nu cn th tin hnh kim tra chi tit v ra gii php
sa cha.
c) Ni dung kim tra bt thng
Kim tra bt thng bao gm nhng cng vic sau y:
- Kho st bng trc quan, g nghe v dng mt s dng c n gin nhn
bit tnh trng h hng ca kt cu. Cc h hng sau y cn c nhn bit:
+ Sai lch hnh hc.
+ Nghing, ln.
+ Nt, gy.
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16
+ Dy neo trng.
+ Bu lng, c, kha lng, tut.
+ Thn ct vn, nghing, khng thng.
+ Han r ct thp, cu kin thp, cp neo.
Phn tch cc s liu kim tra i n kt lun c tin hnh kim tra chi tit
hay khng, quy m kim tra chi tit. Nu khng th ra gii php sa cha
phc hi cng trnh kp thi.
i vi nhng h hng c nguy c gy nguy him cho ngi, cng trnh
xung quanh th phi c bin php x l khn cp trc khi tin hnh kim tra chi
tit v ra gii php sa cha.
d) Ghi chp v lu h s
H s lu tr gm c: Kt qu kho st, phn tch nh gi, thuyt minh gii
php sa cha, gia cng, nht k thi cng, cc bin bn kim tra, cc bn v. Cc
ti liu ny cn c n v qun l s dng cng trnh lu gi lu di cng vi cc
t kim tra trc y cc c quan c thm quyn kim tra.
6.6. Kim tra chi tit
a) Nguyn tc chung
Kim tra chi tit c thc hin sau khi qua cc kim tra ban u, kim tra
thng xuyn, kim tra nh k, kim tra bt thng thy l c yu cu cn phi
kim tra k kt cu nh gi mc xung cp v ra gii php sa cha.
Kim tra chi tit cng c thc hin i vi cc chi tit khng quan st
c (thp ng thn ct anten) khi sau 3 ln kim tra nh k m khng pht hin
du hiu xung cp.
Ngi s dng cng trnh c th t thc hin hoc thu cc n v c nng
lc ph hp thc hin kim tra chi tit.
b) Bin php kim tra chi tit
Kim tra chi tit c tin hnh trn ton b cng trnh hoc mt b phn
cng trnh ty theo quy m h hng ca cng trnh v mc yu cu phi kim tra.
Ngi kim tra cn nhn bit trc c im ni bt ca xung cp c
hng trng tm cho vic kim tra chi tit.
Kim tra chi tit c tin hnh bng cc th nghim chuyn dng nh
gi, lng ha cht lng vt liu v mc xung cp ca kt cu.
Ngi thc hin kim tra chi tit phi c phng n thc hin bao gm quy
m kim tra, mc kt qu kim tra cn t, thi gian v kinh ph thc hin. Phng
n ny phi c ch cng trnh chp nhn trc khi thc hin.
c) Ni dung kim tra chi tit
Kim tra chi tit cn c nhng ni dung sau:
- Kho st chi tit ton b hoc b phn h hng ca cng trnh: Yu cu ca
kho st l phi thu c cc s liu lng ha v tnh trng h hng. C th l
lng ha bng s liu v hnh nh nhng vn sau y:
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17
+ Sai lch hnh hc.
+ Nghing, ln, bin dng.
+ Tnh trng vt nt.
+ Tnh trng bong rp.
+ Tnh trng r thp.
+ Tnh trng thay i mt ngoi.
+ Cht lng b tng.
+ Trng dy co, dy co b tr nhm tng, nhm v tr.
+ Ct khng thng, vn xon.
+ Bu lng ni t lng, khng c sit cht.
+ Cc mng neo khng to thnh cc gc cn i.
+ Tng tng ht, khng cn khong h s dng cho cc ln tng
sau.
+ H thng kha cp lng.
+ Cc ph kin: tng , ma n, bu lng ni t cha c bi m chng
r.
+ H thng cu cp, thang cp, thang leo han r, yu, vng, sp
+ in tr tip t, s thng sut, chc chn ca kim thu st, dy lin kt
+ H thng dy d n, n tn hiu, n chiu sng v cc kh c in.
Phn tch c ch xung cp ca cng trnh: Trn c s cc s liu kho st
nu trn v cc kt qu kim tra h s lu tr cng trnh, cn phn tch, xc nh c
ch to nn mi loi h hng.
nh gi mc xung cp ca cng trnh: Trn c s cc s liu kim tra
v c ch xung cp phn tch, cn nh gi xem kt cu c cn sa cha hay
khng v sa cha n mc no.
La chn gii php sa cha hoc gia cng: Gii php sa cha hoc gia
cng cn c la chn trn c s c ch xung cp c phn tch sng t.
Gii php sa cha hoc gia cng ra phi t c yu cu l khi phc c
bng hoc cao hn cng nng ban u ca kt cu v ngn nga vic tip tc hnh
thnh c ch xung cp sau khi sa cha.
Quy m sa cha ph thuc tm quan trng ca kt cu, tui th cn li, kh
nng ti chnh v yu cu ca ch cng trnh.
d) Ghi chp v lu h s
Mi din bin ca cng tc kim tra chi tit u c ghi chp y di
dng bin bn, s nht k, bn v, nh chp lu gi lu di.
Ch cng trnh phi lu gi h s kim tra chi tit bao gm: kt qu kho st,
phn tch nh gi, thuyt minh gii php sa cha hoc gia cng, nht k thi cng,
cc bn v, cc bin bn kim tra. Cc h s ny cn c lu gi lu di cng vi
cc h s ca cc t kim tra trc y.
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18
7. Bo dng
7.1. Nguyn tc chung
Trong qu trnh vn hnh khai thc, do s tc ng ca iu kin t nhin
nh nhim, nng, gi, ma, cc chi tit kt cu ct anten, nh trm, cu cp,
tip t, s b n mn, lo ha, bong rp, theo thi gian, k c trong cc
trng hp c cc bin php phng trnh cho kt cu. Do , cn phi c k
hoch bo dng nh k duy tr cng trnh trng thi khai thc, s dng bnh
thng v hn ch pht sinh cc h hng cng trnh.
Bo dng c kt hp sau khi kim tra nh k tit gim chi ph, thi
gian.
7.2. Bo dng ct thp, dy neo
a) Thi gian thc hin bo dng nh k:
Vng ven bin: khng qu 24 thng/ln.
Cc vng cn li: khng qu 30 thng/ln.
b) Hng mc cn bo dng;
Hng mc ct thp gm thn ct, cp dy co, ph kin dy co, c ni t,
mng ct, mng neo.
Hng mc thang cp, cu cp, thang leo outdoor gm thn thang cp, cu cp,
thang leo, bu lng, thanh ni, gi , ct .
c) Ni dung bo dng ct thp
Lp phng n.
Chun b dng c, vt t, vt liu.
Dn dp, pht quang c, rc, dy leo bm xung quanh ct thp.
Xit li bu lng v bi du m cho bu lng ni t.
Xit li bu lng, nu cc khe h >0,3mm
Kim tra, xit li bu lng ton b thn ct theo nguyn tc t di ln trn,
vi cc bu lng r nng cn thay th ngay trc khi lm cng vic tip theo; vic
thay th cn tin hnh ln lt tng chic.
Nu pht hin cc chi tit kim loi han r nng (thanh ging, bn m, thanh
ng,...) phi bo co ngi qun l s dng sm lp phng n thay th.
Cn chnh thng ng ca ct (trong trng hp ct nghing khng ln
v sai lch t).
Nu ct sai lch nhiu, cn phi cn chnh, cn yu cu t vn thit k kho
st v ra bin php thi cng: c th dng ti hoc pa lng ko ct v v tr thng
ng (sau khi ni lng cc bu lng tng ng). Cc khe h lp rp xut hin sau khi
cn chnh phi c nm bng cc bn thp. Sau xit cht bng bu lng theo tiu
chun k thut.
Bo dng h thng n v h thng d n in cho n tn hiu.
Bi m ton b tng , m n, c xit cp.
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19
Ty b, trt li vi cc v tr bong, rp ca mng ct, mng neo theo yu cu
k thut.
V sinh, thu dn hin trng.
Lp h s k thut sau bo dng.
Cc xut, kin ngh sau bo dng.
Lp bin bn nghim thu ti ch c xc nhn ca n v vn hnh khai thc.
(Phn sn li ton b ct thp, cng li dy co c a vo phn sa cha.)
d) Qui nh v bo dng dy neo
Kim tra tnh trng k thut ca chn ct, gi neo, thc hin cc bin php
gia cng ng vng an ton ca ct trc khi ln ct. Qui trnh thay th hoc
bo dng dy co c thc hin theo cc bc di y:
S dng cuc, xng, dao, ko dn dp pht quang c, rc, dy leo bm
xung quanh chn ct v cc m neo.
Trin khai lp t v cng chnh dy co ph ( v tr tng ng vi si cp
cn bo dng hoc thay th) trc khi tho h si dy co cn bo dng hoc thay
th xung. Lc cng dy co ly theo h s thit k ca ct thp.
Tin hnh v sinh si dy co c: lau sch m bo dng c v g bng du,
bn chi st mn v gi lau sch sau lau li dy co bng m bo v dy co.
V sinh, kim tra co g, sn chng g, bi m cc ph kin i km ca si
dy co c nh: tng , kha cp, m cp, ma n, m neo cp,
Trin khai lp li si dy co c bo dng (hoc dy co mi) vo v tr
ban u.
Cn chnh cng dy co c bo dng c cng vi cc dy co
kh v tho h si dy co ph xung.
Xit li ton b bu lng ni ct, bu lng bn p; bt li kho cp, tng , ma
n, nhng vt t hng phi thay th; xit li ton b bu lng ca b g chng xon.
B sung cu cng chng git cho tng nu thiu.
Xit cht bu lng, cu ca b g anten vi ct, g vi anten, m bo chc
chn v y cc cu;
Trng hp ct nghing, vo cn kim tra mc nghing vo v nguyn
nhn d n n nghing vo sau bo co vi ngi ph trch c phng n x
l.
Cn c vo s si t ca b dy cp (cp thp nhiu si) m tin hnh sa
cha theo cc nguyn tc sau:
+ Khi s si b t nh hn 10% th tp li.
+ Nu s si t trn 10% th phi thay dy khc
Khi cc dy no c lc cng khng u th phi iu chnh li cho u bng
cc tng . Khi tng li cc dy no nn kt hp chnh ct nu thy cn thit.
iu chnh ct dy neo b qu nghing, tiu chun cho php c tin hnh
bng cch iu chnh chiu di v lc cng ca dy neo bng cc cu tng .
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20
Trong qu trnh iu chnh khng c tc dng lc mnh hoc xung lc vo ct.
Phi tnh ton trc bo m ct khng bin dng sau khi iu chnh.
Khi u tha dy no b ct qu gn vi kha nm (chiu di ngn hn
100mm) phi khn trng c bin php chng tt kha nm.
Cc cu tng phi vn ht tri, mi trc tng phi hai cu (c 1
cu hm), u tha dy no phi c qun vo dy no chnh v c c nh
bng 2 ghp.
Cp thp ca dy no v cc b phn bt dy no vo ct, cc tng phi
nh k bi m chng r. Dy no bng thp trn nu khng c m km th phi
sn v nh k phi c sn li.
). Ni dung bo dng thang cp, cu cp, thang leo outdoor
Lp phng n bo dng.
Chun b dng c, vt t, vt liu ph.
Che chn xung quanh thang cp, cu cp, thang leo.
Bc, d gin gio.
m bo lin kt vo ct v nh trm chc chn;
Thang cp m bo thng bng;
Kim tra tr v ct chng thang cp ngoi tri;
Kim tra cc bu lng v cu bt thang cp vi ct; thang cp vi nh trm.
Ct chng v thang cp, thanh tro phi c sn chng r. Trc khi sn
phi dng bn chi st mn nh sch r st, sau khi sn chng r tin hnh sn 1
lp lt, 1 lp ph;
Xit cht v y cc bu lng, cu bt thang cp vi ct; thang cp vi nh
trm. Sau bi m YOC chng xy ho vo u cc bu lng, cu.
V sinh, thu dn hin trng.
Lp h s k thut sau bo dng.
Cc xut, kin ngh.
7.3. Bo dng h thng tip a
Vic kim tra h thng chng st cn c thc hin thng xuyn, t nht 1
nm 2 ln vo trc v cui mi k ma bo, dng st (thi im thng 4 n cui
thng 10 hng nm).
Vic kim tra tu sa nh k phi tin hnh trc ma ma bo hng nm.
Kim tra v xit li cc bu lng, lm sch bn ng tip t.
Kim tra cc dy tip t phi c d phng co dn 100mm v c un
cong xung pha di.
Kim tra cc im u ni dy tip t ca h thng thu st ca ct thp vi
h thng t chung ca trm.
o kim tra in tr tip t ca h thng tip t.
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21
a) Bo dng h thng tip a, chng st trong trm
Kim tra v cng c cc mi ni ti cc bng ng
- Kim tra cc mi ni ti cc bn ng: u ct bt dy, c bt bn ng ....
- p li cc u ct bt dy bng km bp ct v bc bng bng dnh in
- Xit cht cc mi ni b lng v thay th bu-lng ng b g y, chn ren
- Lm sch mt tip xc trc khi xit cht li cc bu-lng
Kim tra v cng c li cc kt ni ti cc im tip t cho v thit b
Kim tra cc mi kt ni ca dy tip t t bn ng hoc dy M50 n cc
v t RBS, t DC, Rack 19 v.v.
p li cc u ct bt dy bng km bp ct v bc bng bng dnh in.
Xit cht cc mi ni b lng, c long en m v long en vnh chng t
tho.
Kim tra v cng c li cc kt ni tip t cho thit b chng st v chng
xung qu p
Kim tra cc mi kt t bn ng hoc dy M50 n cc v tr tip t ca
cc thit b thot st.
B ct st ng ngun AC, b ct st li feeder, b ct st cho li cp trung
tn vi ba, b chng qu p trn t ngun DC b chng qu p cho dy cnh bo
ngoi. Xit cht cc mi ni b lng. Kim tra thit b chng st feeder, chng st
truyn d n (trong trng hp c yu cu trang b).
Kim tra cc ch th cnh bo li thit b chng st hoc li thit thit b
chng qu p qua cc ch th hoc n cnh bo Fail.
b) Bo dng h thng tip t cho ct thp
Kim tra nh v kim thu st
- Sit cht kp ng 4 vt kt ni kim thu st vi dy thot st hoc thn ct
- nh v li kim thu st m bo chc chn v thng, thu st tt;
Kim tra cc lin kt thot st
- Dng km p ct p li cc u ct b lng, hoc thi cng sai k thut
- Thay th cc bulong b gy, sit cht cc bu lng, cu, c nh cp thot st
vo bn ng hoc cp tip t.
- Kim tra tnh trng tip t ca cu cp vi ct anten, kim tra cc dy
nhy ti cc im ni cu cp.
- Kim tra cc im tip t ca feeder t yu cu (t nht phi c 3 im
trc khi vo trm, trc khi u vo anten, trc khi ri ct).
- Dy thot st cn c lin kt vi thn ct, nu cn gia c thm cc lt tht
c nh cp thot st vo thn ct.
- Cc u ct khng c dng ba p m phi dng km p u ct
- m bo cho cc dy thot st dy co c kp bng kho cp v chn du
ti m co;
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22
- Kim tra u ni u ct dy d n thot st; kim tra cc bng ng trn
ct, u ct u ni dy d n vi bng ng.
- Kim tra cc mi ni gia t t bo v v t cng tc m bo tip xc
tt (nh sch g ri hn bng h quang hoc Axetylen v qut sn chng g).
- nh v li cc bn ng tip a. Kim tra v x l r st trn dy thot st
v kim thu li. Kim tra tnh trng kim thu li Franklin.
c) Bo dng h thng tip a phn lin kt vi t
Dy tip a phi chn ng thit k v c lin kt vo ct bng bu lng,
ch bt bu lng phi c co sch r v khng c sn ti ch tip xc. Phn
ngm ca dy tip a (bao gm c cc tip a) nm trong t phi ni bng
phng php hn v khng c sn.
o in tr h thng tip a:
- Cm que o ng k thut, o v ghi li gi tr in tr tip t
- p li cc u ct v kim tra cc mi hn:
- Dng km p ct p li cc u ct b lng hoc thi cng sai
- Phi dng km chuyn dng p u ct, khng c php dng ba p
- Kim tra, gia c cc lin kt thot st
- Kim tra u ni u ct ca dy d n
- Thay th bu lng, cu b xy ho, b hng
- Hn b sung cp ng trn C50 t mt bch chn ct xung bi tip a nu
cn thit.
- Kim tra li cht lng cc mi hn, kim tra e-cu vn c cht khng.
- Lm sch tip xc trc khi xit bu lng.
- Trong qu trnh kim tra, 2 mi hn gia mt bch chn ct anten vi dy
cp thp xung t tip t nu khng m bo yu cu th tin hnh hn li.
o kim tra li in tr sau khi gia cng
- Thit b o in tr tip t c kim nh, (loi thng dng
KYORISU Nht Bn Model 4105A).
- Gi tr in tr tip t ca h thng ti cc v tr kim tra: (c s v tr
km theo )
+ V tr 1: ..Ohm
+ V tr 2: .. Ohm
- Nu Rt > 4 th lm k hoch sa cha b sung thm cc tip t cho
t t. Cc cc b xung bng thanh L63x63x6 di 2.5m v hn ni vi cc u cc
vi dy d n st.
- Nu v n khng t, cn b xung hn hp ha cht nhm gim in tr sut
ca t c thnh phn c bn nh bt -xt st, nhm, ng, than gra-phit..
- Sau khi kt thc qu trnh bo dng, i vi tt c cc h thng tip a ta
phi
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23
- Tin hnh vic o tr s ca h thng tip a bng ng h o in tr t
ba dy
- Hoc ng h o in tr t dng km. Tr s in tr t cn nh hn 4
- Nu o in tr t m bo 4, tha mn yu cu k thut => kt thc
qu trnh bo dng tip a.
- Trong trng hp khng t phi bo co vi ch u t c phng n
thit k b xung.
- Ghi li cc tn ti sau khi bo dng bo co xin kin ca cp qun l
cao hn.
7.4. Bo dng, vn hnh h thng in chiu sng v thit b
Bng n chiu sng: Ch u dy nng vo cng tc, dy ngui vo bng
n trnh hin tng chp tt hai u bng n. V sinh b n theo ng nh
k nhm trnh bi bm vo lm gim sng ca bng n, trnh cn trng tr n,
lm t dy in bn trong mng n gy chp mch, lau chi kh, trnh m t.
Cng tc iu khin: thng xuyn v sinh cng tc, kim tra cc mi ni,
trnh h mi ni gy chy, trnh cn trng vo bn trong lm h hng, chm in.
Automat iu khin: Cc mi ni, bt vt dy vo l cn lin kt chc chn,
trnh m, nc vo gy hin tng r r in. V sinh automat, trnh cn trng vo
bn trong gy h hng, gy chm in.
cm in: Khi dng cc phch cm cm vo in cn ch n
khong cch gia hai tm l cm ca cm c nh v khong cch gia 2 chn
phch cm phi tng xng nhau, khi chn phch cm khng ng b vi cm,
trong qu trnh s dng s to h quang, gy hin tng pht nhit lm nha s
chy, gy ra chy n. Cn v sinh, lau chi cm, trnh cn trng chui vo bn
trong l cm.
ng h in: Bo v ng h trnh m t, trnh tc ng c hc ln thit
b. Tui th ca ng h khong 15 nm, sau thi gian ny nn tin hnh thay th
mi m bo hiu qu s dng, trnh tn tht in v an ton in.
H thng dy d n:
+ Kim tra v bc dy d n, kim tra in tr cch in ca dy, in tr cch
in thp (d gy r r in), in tr dy d n cao (lm cho dy d nng, hao in,
c th gy chy n), cc mi hn, mi ni, cc mt tip xc in cn kht kn, chc
chn.
+ Kim tra dy d n in thng xuyn, xem c kh nng chu ti c hay
khng. C th s dng bt th in kim tra cc thit b in xem c b r r
in.
+ Khi c b sung thit b, cn ch cng sut ca thit b phi ph hp vi
ng dy, trnh tp trung lm qu ti ng dy.
+ Trc v trong mi ma ma, cn kim tra li ng dy d n trong hp
gen, dy d n trn trn, xem c b mi, mt, cn trng lm hng v bo v, gy r r,
chp mch in, kim tra bng mt quan st, kt hp o in tr kim tra.
-
24
7.5. Kim tra bo dng h thng n bo khng
Kim tra tnh trng hot ng:
- Kim tra cc ch bt, tt bng sensor.
- Kim tra tn s nhp nhy v h thng iu khin nhp nhy v chc
chn khi lp t.
- Kim tra sng ca n bng trc quan.
- X l li hoc bo thay th.
- Kim tra s lng, chng loi n, h thng dy.
Bo dng c:
- Sit cht cc bu lng, cu, c nh n bo khng
- Kim tra b n bo cao (lu an ton, vi cc b n bo cao dng ngun
in AC 220V, trc khi tin hnh bo dng ln ngt attomat cp in cho n
bo cao), xit cht cc bu lng, cu, c nh n bo khng.
Bo dng in:
- Gia c thm lt tht c nh dy ngun ca n bo khng vo thn ct,
kim tra v bo v ca dy ngun n bo khng nu b nt, v th phi a vo k
hoch sa cha thay th,...
- Kim tra ton b dy d n t cm in trong trm ln n cc n bo
cao trn ton ct, trnh trng hp in nhim vo thn ct.
- X l ngay cc nguy c an ton in, c bit l vi h thng n 220VAC.
8. Sa cha kt cu cng trnh
8.1. Nguyn tc chung
Sa cha kt cu c tin hnh da trn kt qu ca kho st h hng, ty
tng iu kin c th ca cc n v a ra phng n sa cha kt cu ph hp
nhng v n phi m bo s lm vic n nh, an ton cho cng trnh.
Trong phm vi quy trnh ny a ra mt s dng h hng kt cu c tnh cht
nguy him, nh hng n cht lng v vn hnh cng trnh km theo cc bin
php sa cha
8.2. Cc vn in quan n sa cha phn kt cu b tng ct thp
a) Nt kt cu.
Gii hn b rng khe nt: Gii hn b rng khe nt trong kt cu b tng l
mt trong cc ch s cng nng quan trng nh gi kh nng s dng bnh
thng ca kt cu. Gii hn b rng khe nt c quy nh trong tiu chun kt
cu b tng ct thp hin hnh TCVN 5574:2012, ty thuc vo iu kin lm vic
ca kt cu.
Kho st v nt cn lm sng t nhng vn sau:
+ V tr v c trng phn b ca cc vt nt.
+ Phng v hnh dng vt nt.
-
25
+ Kch thc vt nt (b rng, chiu su v di).
+ Thi im xut hin vt nt.
+ S pht trin ca vt nt theo thi gian.
+ Cc c trng khc nh b tng b bong rp, b p v
Vic kho st nt c th phi tin hnh trong thi gian tng i lu, theo
chu k xc nh xem hin tng nt ca kt cu n nh hay cn ang pht
trin.
c trng v c ch hnh thnh vt nt do ti trng:
+ V tr v c trng phn b vt nt: Cc vt nt thng xut hin cc
vng d on c ng sut ko ln nht trong kt cu.
+ Hnh dng vt nt: Vt nt do ko gy ra thng vung gc vi ng sut
(hnh dng pha di rng, pha trn hp hn). Vt nt do lc nn gy ra thng
song song vi chiu ca lc nn (hnh dng ca vt nt thng l hai u nh,
gia rng). Vt nt do m men xon gy ra c hnh xon c xin, b rng ca khe
nt thng khng thay i ln. Vt nt do xung lc (lc va p) thng pht trin
xin 450 vi chiu ca xung lc. Cc vt nt do ln nn mng thng xut hin tp
trung khu vc c cong tng i ln ca ng cong ln, phng ca vt nt
vung gc vi chiu ca ng sut ko chnh do bin dng nn sinh ra.
+ Kch thc ca vt nt: vt nt xut hin trong giai on s dng bnh
thng ca kt cu ni chung b rng khe nt khng ln. B rng khe nt gim dn
t mt ngoi kt cu vo bn trong (chiu su) ca b tng. Khi kt cu vt ti
trng hoc t ti trng thi gii hn th b rng khu nt thng tng i ln, vt
qu gii hn quy nh trong TCVN 5574:2012.
+ Thi im xut hin vt nt: Vt nt thng xut hin khi ti trng t
ngt tng ln, v d: khi tho d ct pha, lp t thit b. Thi im xut hin vt
nt khng nht thit l thi im sinh ra nt.
+ S pht trin vt nt: Vt nt thng pht trin theo s gia tng ca ti
trng v thi gian tc ng ko di ca ti trng hoc l s gia tng ln.
b) Bin dng kt cu
Bin dng ca kt cu bao gm bin dng vng, xoay, trt khi v tr ban
u.
c) X l
x l cn thc hin cc cng vic gm: kho st hin trng kt cu;
nghin cu h s thit k; kho st tnh hnh thi cng a ra bin php thi cng
ph hp
- Kho st hin trng kt cu:
Vic kho st hin trng kt cu bao gm:
+ Kch thc, b tr thc t ca cc kt cu.
+ Cu to thc t ca cc lin kt.
+ Chiu dy lp b tng bo v.
+ V tr, khong cch cc ct thp chu lc ti mt s v tr cn kho st.
-
26
+ Xc nh cng thc t ca b tng v ca ct thp trong kt cu.
- Nghin cu v kim tra h s thit k
Mc ch ca cng tc ny nhm xc nh hay loi tr nguyn nhn gy h
hng do thit k, hiu r s chu lc kt cu la chn v quyt nh bin php
sa cha gia cng sau ny. Cc ni dung bao gm:
+ Kim tra cc bn v thit k dng thi cng v bn v hon cng cng
trnh.
+ Kim tra tnh hp l v tng th v cu to ca gii php thit k.
+ Kim tra s , kt qu tnh ton kt cu.
- Kho st tnh hnh thi cng
Trong qu trnh kho st th tnh hnh, phng php v trnh t thi cng s
dng c nghin cu k pht hin nhng sai st do thi cng v cc li khc.
Cng vic kho st gm c:
+ Phng php thi cng.
+ S chp hnh cc yu cu, trnh t v tin thi cng c quy nh trong
h s thit k v cc quy phm thi cng khc, s gin on/chm tr trong
thi cng.
+ Nghin cu, kim tra cc bin bn kim tra cht lng v chng ch th
nghim ca vt liu, ca b tng, ca ct thp.
- Kho st ti trng v tc ng
Kho st, iu tra tt c cc loi ti trng v tc ng c th c tc dng ln
kt cu trong sut thi gian thi cng v s dng cng trnh.
- Cc nguyn nhn gy nt v h hng kt cu c th l:
+ Sai st trong thit k:
Mt ct tit din kt cu/cu kin qu nh, khng khng ch c yu
cu v vng, nt hay n nh.
Din tch ct thp chu ko nh, b qua hay xem nh yu cu chng
nt.
Din tch mt ct b tng b, nhng b tr nhiu ct thp lm cho
vng chu nn b nt v khi chu ti trng cc hn.
B qua hay khng xt n mt s trng hp ti trng c kh nng
xut hin trong qu trnh s dng cng trnh.
Xem nh cc gii php cu to quy nh trong cc tiu chun thuc
lnh vc b tng ct thp.
+ Qu trnh thi cng khng tt:
Cht lng vt liu khng m bo, cp phi b tng khng t yu
cu.
Vn khun b bin dng, cy chng vn khun b ln d n n kt cu
b vng, ln trc khi chu ti.
-
27
Trnh t b tng khng tt, tc b tng qu nhanh, khng
xem xt n iu kin thi tit khi thi cng, xut hin khe nt trong
khi thi cng nhng khng x l, bo dng km.
Lp bo v ct thp qu ln hoc qu nh.
Kt cu b chu ti qu sm
Sai st trong b tr ct thp.
B tng khng t cng quy nh
V cc nguyn nhn khc.
+ Cng trnh ln khng u.
+ Ti trng, tc ng vt qu mc d tnh.
- Cc phng php k thut sa cha, gia cng.
Phng php sa cha, gia cng kt cu b tng ct thp c th l:
+ i vi cc vt nt n nh:
Sa cha b mt: Phng php thng dng l: chng , c m
rng vt nt ri trt phng, sn cht kt dnh epoxy, phun va xi
mng hoc b tng nh, tng tnh ton khi ca lp mt, no vt
nt bng bu lng thp.
Sa cha cc b: Thng dng l phng php chng , c b mt
phn b tong, p li phn c.
Phun p lc va xi mng: L phng php ph hp vi cc vt nt n
nh c b rng khe nt ln hn 0.3mm.
+ Gim ti cho kt cu, nu cho php.
+ Tng cng kt cu: Cc phng php thng dng l:
Tng tit din kt cu.
K thut bc ngoi bng b tng.
K thut bc ngoi bng thp hnh.
K thut gia cng dn bn thp hoc bn composite.
Gia cng bng phng php ng lc trc cng sau bn ngoi: B
sung cc ng lc tc dng ngc li vi tc ng ca ngoi lc nhm
tng kh nng chu lc.
+ Cc phng php khc: Tho d lm li, ci thin iu kin s dng cng
trnh (ngn nga tch nc)
+ Phng php sa cha do ln nn mng c trnh by mc di.
-
28
8.3. Sa cha kt cu h hng do ln nn mng
a) Nhn nh c ch xung cp do nguyn nhn nn mng
TT Nguyn nhn
h hng
Kt qu kho st C ch
1 t nn khng
kh nng
chu ti
- ln ln
- Tc ln cao v khng c du hiu gim dn
- Tri, trt mng khi v tr ban u do p lc t khng
Ph hoi ca t
2 Kt cu mng
khng kh
nng chu ti
- ln ln
- Tc ln cao v khng c du hiu gim dn
- Nt gy kt cu mng ti cc v tr xung yu
Ph hoi ca
mng
3 ln tuyt
i ln
- Tng t yu c b dy ln
- ln ln
- Tc ln gim dn theo thi gian
Ln c kt
4 ln lch ln - Tng t yu c b dy bin i mnh
- Chnh lch ln ca ti trng cng trnh
- Cc vt nt xin trn kt cu
Ln lch
5 - ln v cc vt nt trn kt cu tng sau khi cng trnh c s
dng n nh mt thi gian kh di
- B dy tng t yu kh ln
- Khng c hot ng xy dng mi khu vc ln cn
- Cng trnh nm gn khu vc khai thc nc ngm
H mc nc
ngm
6 - ln v cc vt nt trn kt cu tng sau khi cng trnh c s
dng n nh mt thi gian kh di
- C hot ng xy dng mi khu vc ln cn (h o, nn p, cng
trnh mi)
Ln nh hng
-
29
b) Mt s bin php khc phc xung cp do nguyn nhn ln nn mng
TT C ch xung
cp
Bin php khc phc Ghi ch
1 t nn khng
kh nng chu
ti
- Gia c nng (m rng mng, ging lin kt cc mng
t nn tng i
tt
- Gia c su (mng cc) t yu
2 Kt cu mng
khng kh
nng chu ti
- Sa cha kt cu mng
3 ln tuyt i
ln
- Gia c su (c th kt hp gim ti)
4 ln lch ln - Gia c su (c th kt hp vi gia cng kt cu v gim ti)
C th nghin cu
bin php ct, tch
kt cu
5 H mc nc
ngm
- Gia c su (mng cc)
6 Ln nh hng - Gia c su (c th kt hp vi gia cng kt cu)
- C ngn ln
8.4. Sa cha kt cu h hng do tc ng ca mi trng vng bin
Cc dng h hng c cp y ch yu l n mn ct thp, cu kin
thp d n n nt, v b tng v n mn b tng.
a) Kho st v phn cp h hng kt cu
Kho st s b nhm xc nh c cc vn :
- Du hiu n mn b tng.
- Du hiu n mn ct thp, biu hin l cc vt r vng thm ra mt ngoi b
tng, vt nt dc ct thp hoc b tng bo v b bong rp l ct thp b r.
- Cc du hiu h hng kt cu khc gm c:
+ Cc dng nt kt cu khc (ngoi nt lp b tng bo v do r ct thp)
+ Bin dng kt cu nh: vng, nghing, lch
+ Gy, sp kt cu
- Cn c kt qu kho st s b, xem xt c mc cn thit phi kho st
chi tit:
+ Kim tra tnh cht c l ca b tng
+ Kim tra tnh trng n mn ct thp
+ Kim tra hm lng v chiu su thm nhp cc tc nhn gy n mn b
tng, ct thp.
-
30
b) Sa cha v gia cng kt cu
Bo v d phng:
- Sa cha trm bt vt nt:
+ Trm bt vt nt bng va xi mng: p dng cho cc vt nt trn b mt
nng, n nh. Nu vt nt pht sinh do r ct thp th phi c m vt nt su n
pha sau ct thp, lm sch ct thp xong tin hnh trm bt vt nt bng xi mng
polyme hoc va xi mng khng co ngt.
+ Bm keo epoxy nht thp: p dng cho cc vt nt su, n nh.
- Bo v mt ngoi kt cu: l to cc lp mng ngn cch hn ch hay ngn
cn s thm thu cc tc nhn xm thc vo b tng nhm lm chm li qu trnh
tch t iu kin gy r. Trong trng hp trn b mt kt cu c vt nt th trc
ht cn sa cha, trm bt vt nt, sau mi tin hnh to cc lp mng bo v
mt ngoi:
+ Sn ph b mt: C th dng sn bitum, bitum cao su, sn xi mng
polyme c tnh nng chng thm.
+ Va trt chng thm.
+ B tng phun kh.
+ Bc b tng chng thm.
Sa cha kt cu: Quy trnh sa cha phc hi tit din c thc hin nh
sau:
- Chng kt cu: Tin hnh chng , gii phng hon ton hoc mt
phn kt cu cn sa cha khi trng thi chu lc.
- c ty b tng: yu cu c ty hon ton phn b tng b n mn,
bong l v phn b tng b nhim ion Clorua. Thng thng cn c su sau ct
thp 20 30 mm.
- Ty r ct thp.
- To bm dnh gia b tng mi vi b tng c:
c nhm b mt b tng c, ra sch b mt bng nc, ro nc.
Qut lp h xi mng st ln b mt b tng c
Vic phun, trt hoc b tng ln b mt b tng c cn c thc
hin khi lp to dnh cn cha kh.
- Cc gii php thi cng v vt liu sa cha: C nhiu dng cng ngh v
vt liu c dng sa cha phc hi tit din kt cu. Ty trng hp c th m
la chn cc gii php sau:
b tng khng co: p dng thch hp cho trng hp v b mt
trn ca kt cu.
b tng t m, va t chy khng co: p dng cho sa cha cc
b. Phun b tng kh: p dng cho trng hp sa cha h hng trn
din rng, b mt kt cu phng, t gc cnh.
-
31
Trm v va sa cha: p dng cho cc trng hp sa cha nh, cc
b. Va sa cha l va xi mng khng co ngt, khng chy x.
B tng, va sa cha phi c mc cao hn b tng c.
- Gia cng kt cu: Trong trng hp kt cu b h hng qu nng cho d
sa cha phc hi li tit din ban u cng khng kh nng chu lc th cn
phi gia cng nng cao kh nng chu lc ca kt cu. Mt s gii php gia cng
thng thng:
Tng cng cho ct thp b h hng cc b, khng tng tit din kt
cu.
Tng tit din kt cu bng phng php p thp hnh, thp trn.
Gia cng bng dn bn thp.
Gia cng bng bin php dng kt cu h tr hoc thay th.
- Sau khi sa cha, gia cng th nn p dng bin php bo v mt ngoi
kt cu.
8.5. Cc vn in quan n sa cha phn thn ct thp
a) Cc dng h hng thn ct:
- Nghing.
- Cong.
- Vnh.
- Vn xon.
- Khng thng.
- Han, r, n mn.
- Mt cu, bu lng.
- Dy co trng (i vi ct anten dy co).
- Dy co b t.
b) Nguyn nhn:
Cc h hng phn thn ct ch yu do:
- Ti trng tc ng ln hn ti trng thit k
- Lin kt bu lng ni cc chi tit b li lng; bu lng b r st, t, gy.
- H thng dy co trng, lp nhm v tr, ph kin tng , man, c xit cp
lng lo.
- n mn kt cu thp do iu kin t nhin, c bit l xm thc ca mi
trng vng bin.
c) Bin php phng trnh
- C ch kim tra cc chi tit lin kt, m bo cht, chc chn, cng.
- Sit bu lng cht ng yu cu. Lc sit bu lng c quy nh theo trong
ph lc 02.
-
32
- Lp dng, cng chnh ct anten dy co, sit kha cp ng quy trnh (ph
lc 03, 04).
- Kim sot cht ch quy trnh m nhng km nng, m bo din tch, chiu
dy theo ng yu cu (c bit coi trng phn bn trong ca thp ng).
- Cc khu vc chu tc ng xm thc ca mi trng bin cn sn ph thn
ct bng cc loi sn epoxy giu km. Cc khu vc m thp, c kh nng ngp lt,
phn chn ct anten cn c qut ph sn bitum.
- Thc hin cng tc bo tr ng quy nh.
d) Bin php sa cha:
- Ct thp c dy neo:
+ Trng hp nghing, vn, xon: Cng chnh h thng dy neo theo ng
quy trnh. Nu khng p ng yu cu, phi tho cc t ct xung n t
bt u b nghing, vn xon kim tra, x l, sau lp dng li.
+ i vi trng hp cong, vnh: Kim tra, xit li ton b h thng bu lng,
cng chnh h thng dy co theo ng quy trnh. Nu khng p ng yu
cu, phi tho cc t ct n chi tit gy cong vnh, x l v lp dng li.
+ Trng hp han, r: Lm sch khu vc han, r v sn li theo ng quy
trnh lm sch han r v sn (ph lc 06).
+ Trng hp n mn: Nu mc cho php, c th s dng cc bn tp
gia cng, trng hp vt mc cho php phi tin hnh thay th.
+ Trng hp bu lng b han, r, t, gy, hng ren, cu khng s lng
v chiu cao: Tin hnh thay th.
+ Trng hp dy neo trng: Cn, cng chnh li theo ng quy trnh.
+ Trng hp dy neo b t: Thay th dy ng quy nh.
- Ct thp t ng
+ Trng hp ct nghing, vn, xon, cong, vnh: Kim tra, xit li ton b
h thng bu lng. Nu khng p ng yu cu phi tho cc t ct xung
n t bt u b nghing, vn, xon, cong, vnh kim tra, x l, sau
lp dng li.
+ Trng hp b han, r: Lm sch vng b han, r v sn li theo ng quy
trnh (quy nh ph lc 06).
+ Trng hp b n mn: Nu mc cho php, c th s dng cc bn
tp gia cng, trng hp vt mc cho php phi tin hnh thay th.
8.6. Sa cha phn h thng tip t
- Khi cc b phn dy, cc b mn, r, ch cn 70% tit din ban u th phi
tin hnh thay th.
- Nu tr s in tr ni t tng qu 20% tr s o c lc ban u, phi
ko di dy d n, ng b sung thm cc tip t v b sung ho cht vo h th
gim in tr tip t.
-
33
8.7. Sa cha phn h thng cu cp, thang cp, thang leo
- Trng hp han, r: Lm sch vng b han, r v sn li theo ng quy trnh
(quy nh ph lc 06).
- Trng hp n mn: Nu mc cho php, c th s dng cc bn tp
gia cng, trng hp vt mc cho php phi tin hnh thay th.
- Trng hp bu lng b han, r, t, gy, chn ren: Tin hnh thay th.
- Trng hp yu, vng, qu rung: Tin hnh gia c bng bn tp, b sung
thm tr .
- Trng hp b gy, sp: Tin hnh thay th phn gy, sp.
-
34
TI LIU THAM KHO
I. Ting Vit
1. Lut Xy dng s 50/2014/QH13 ngy 18 thng 6 nm 2014.
2. Ngh nh s 46/2015/N-CP ngy 12 thng 5 nm 2015 ca Chnh ph v Qun
l cht lng v bo tr cng trnh xy dng.
3. Thng t s 26/2016/TT-BXD ngy 26/10/2016 ca B Xy dng quy nh chi
tit mt s ni dung v qun l cht lng v bo tr cng trnh xy dng.
4. Thng t s 11/2012/TT-BXD ngy 25/12/2012 ca B Xy dng hng d n lp
v qun l chi ph bo tr cng trnh xy dng.
5. Thng t s 29/2014/TT-BTTTT ngy 31/12/2014 ca B Thng tin v Truyn
thng Ban hnh nh mc kinh t - k thut bo tr thit b tn s v tuyn in.
6. QCVN 9: 2010/BTTTT Quy chun k thut quc gia v vic tip t cho cc
trm vin thng.
7. Quy trnh duy tu bo dng mng Vit Nam Mobifone
8. Quy trnh bo dng BTS, Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng
9. Quy trnh bo dng Cng ty cng trnh Viettel, 2010.
10. Quy trnh kim tra bo dng ct Anten, Cng ty c phn t vn thit k bu
chnh vin thng. 2015.
11. Quy trnh bo dng sa cha, ng cu h tng thit b mng vin thng
Mobile
12. Quyt nh v vic ban hnh nh mc trong TXD, Tp on bu chnh vin
thng Vit Nam, 2013. S: 06/Q VNPT HTV - KH
13. Quyt nh v vic ph duyt v ban hnh quy nh v chun ha thit k v
Tng chi ban u xy dng c s h tng Mng li thng tin di ng, Tp on
bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam, Cng ty thng tin di ng, 2014. S 830/Q
VMS TXD
14. Quyt nh v vic ban hnh nh mc kinh t - k thut, Tp on Bu chnh
Vin thng Vit Nam, 2008. S: 84/Q KHM HQT
15. Quyt nh v vic ban hnh Quy trnh Qun l vn hnh v sa cha ng
dy trn khng in p 220 kV, 500kV, Tp on in lc Vit Nam Tng cng
ty truyn ti quc gia. S: 1712 / Q EVNNPT. 2013
16. Cm nang hng d n xy lp bo dng trm BTS ca mng Viettel
17. Yu cu k thut v c s h tng trm thu pht gc mng thng tin di ng
(BTS/NODEB), Tp on bu chnh vin thng Vit Nam
18. Hng d n s dng my o cng ca cp
19. Hng D n ci t tham s my o lc cng cp thp dy co ct Anten!.
Cng ty Cng trnh Viettel.
20. Hng D n Lp t Kho Cp v Lc cng ca dy cp thp! . Cng ty Cng
trnh Viettel.
file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/QCVN%209-2010%20(tiep%20dat%20cho%20cac%20tram%20vien%20thong).pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/QCVN%209-2010%20(tiep%20dat%20cho%20cac%20tram%20vien%20thong).pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/BaoDuongTram%20(3).xlsfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/documents.tips_2slide-quy-trinh-bao-duong.pptxfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/QT.BD.BTS.KT.01.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Quy%20trinh%20bao%20duong%20cot%20anten.docfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/QUYTRN-1%20(2).PDFfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/06_QD_VNPT_HDTV_KH_09_01_2013.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/830-QD-VMS.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Dinh%20muc%20cot%20cao%20(5).pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Quy%20trinh%20QLVH-SC%20DDK220-500kV%202013.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Cam%20nang%20huong%20dan%20xay%20lap%20bao%20duong%20tram%20BTS_ver6.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Yeu_cau_ky_thuat_ve_CSHT_tram_thu_phat_goc_VNPT.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/HDSD%20may%20do%20do%20cang%20cua%20cap.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/huong%20dan%20cai%20dat%20may%20do%20Dillon.pptfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/huong%20dan%20lap%20dat%20khoa%20cap.ppt
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35
II. Ting anh
21. GUYED TOWER INSPECTION and MAINTENANCE. Electronics
Research, Inc.
Dch Kim tra v bo tr thp c dy co
22. SELF SUPPORTING TOWER INSPECTION and MAINTENANCE.
Electronics Research, Inc.
Dch Kim tra v bo tr thp t ng.
23. ANNEX E: TOWER MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION PROCEDURES
Dch PH LC E: BO TR THP V TRNH T KIM TRA
24. Structural Standard for Antenna Supporting Structures and Antennas
Addendum2 TIA STANDARD TIA -222-G-2
25. Structural Standards for Steel Antenna Towers and Antenna Supporting
Structures TIA/EIA STANDARD, TIA/EIA 222 F
26. Tower test procedures the Torque Test and Paint Test. HTC/NORTEL CDMA
2000 1X PROJECT.
file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/GUYED%20TOWER%201.docfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Sefl%20TOWER%202.docfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/PH%20%20LC%20E%20BO%20TR%20THP%20V%20TRNH%20T%20KIM%20TRA.docfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/TIA-222-G-2009%20Final%20for%20publication%201.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/TIA-222-G-2009%20Final%20for%20publication%201.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/TIA,EIA.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/TIA,EIA.pdffile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Downloads/Paint%20and%20Torque%20test.pdf
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36
PH LC
Ph c 2. Cc biu m u Biu mu 1
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
., ngy .. thng .. nm .
H S KT QU KIM TRA BAN U/ NH K/ BT THNG/ CHI
TIT C S H TNG TRM ANTEN
(Trm ct thp c dy neo)
1. Tn trm:
2. a ch:
3. Thnh phn kim tra:
4. Ni dung kim tra:
Stt Hng mc
kim tra
Ni dung kim tra So vi
thit k
Tnh
trng
Ghi
ch
1 H s thit
k
2 H s hon
cng
3 H s thi
cng
4 Mng ct
Kch thc
Cht lng b tng
Hnh dng
V tr
Bu lng neo
5 Mng neo
Kch thc
Cht lng b tng
Hnh dng
V tr
S lng
Bu lng neo
6 Thn ct
thp
Chiu cao ton ct
-
37
S lng anten
Quy cch: cho
c/cho tha/h
thanh
cao treo an ten
Hnh dng (thng,
nghing, vn,
xon)
H thng chng xoay
Sn
Han, r, n mn
Bu lng
M chng r
7 Dy neo
V tr
S tng
cng
Han, r
M chng r
8 Ph kin dy
neo
Tng
Kha cp
Man
m cp
M chng r
9 Thang cp,
cu cp
V tr
Sn
Han, r
chc chn
10 Tip t,
chng st
in tr t ti b t
t
-
38
in tr tip t ti
bng ng trong
in tr tip t ti
bng ng ngoi
in tr tip t ti
cc bng ng tip
t im un feeder
Kim thu st
H thng dy lin kt
H thng mi ni,
mi hn
11 H thng
in
in p
Dng in
H thng cp ngun
ngoi trm
H thng cp ngun
trong trm
H thng n bo
khng
T in tng
T in phn phi
Cu dao o
Automat iu khin
Cng tc
cm
ng h in
(Ni dung kim tra trn l tng th mt trm, thc t c th l ton b cng trnh,
hng mc cng trnh, cu kin ph hp vi yu cu kim tra)
(Trng hp c s bt thng, cn b sung lu tr thng tin bng hnh nh)
5. xut, kin ngh:
Thnh phn tham gia kim tra k tn xc nhn:
-
39
Biu mu 2
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
., ngy .. thng .. nm .
H S KT QU KIM TRA BAN U/ NH K/ BT THNG/ CHI
TIT C S H TNG TRM ANTEN
(Trm ct thp t ng)
1. Tn trm:
2. a ch:
3. Thnh phn kim tra:
4. Ni dung kim tra:
Stt Hng mc
kim tra
Ni dung kim tra So vi
thit k
Tnh
trng
Ghi
ch
1 H s thit
k
2 H s hon
cng
3 H s thi
cng
4 Mng ct
Kch thc
Cht lng b tng
Hnh dng
V tr
Bu lng neo
5 Thn ct
thp
cao ton ct
S lng anten
cao treo an ten
Quy cch: cho
c/cho tha/h
thanh
Hnh dng (thng,
nghing, vn, xon)
Sn
Han, r, n mn
Bu lng
M chng r
-
40
6 Thang cp,
cu cp
V tr
Sn
Han, r
chc chn
7 Tip t,
chng st
in tr t ti b t
t
in tr tip t ti
bng ng trong
in tr tip t ti
bng ng ngoi
in tr tip t ti
cc bng ng tip t
im un feeder
Kim thu st
H thng dy lin kt
H thng mi ni,
mi hn
9 H thng
in
in p
Dng in
H thng cp ngun
ngoi trm
H thng cp trong
trm
H thng n bo
khng
T in tng
T in phn phi
Cu dao o
Automat iu khin
Cng tc
cm
ng h in
(Ni dung kim tra trn l tng th mt trm, thc t c th l ton b cng trnh,
hng mc cng trnh, cu kin ph hp vi yu cu kim tra)
(Trng hp c s bt thng, cn b sung lu tr thng tin bng hnh nh)
5. xut, kin ngh:
-
41
Biu mu 3
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
., ngy .. thng .. nm .
KT QU KIM TRA THNG XUYN C S H TNG TRM
ANTEN
(Trm ct thp c dy neo)
1. Tn trm:
2. a ch:
3. Thnh phn kim tra: Nhn vin qun l trm
4. Ni dung kim tra:
Stt Hng mc
kim tra
Ni dung kim tra So vi
thit k
Tnh
trng
Ghi
ch
1 Mng ct
Kch thc
Cht lng b tng
Hnh dng
V tr
Bu lng neo
2 Mng neo
Kch thc
Cht lng b tng
Hnh dng
V tr
S lng
Bu lng neo
3 Thn ct
anten
cao ton ct
Hnh dng (thng,
nghing, vn, xon)
H thng chng xoay
Sn
Han, r, n mn
Bu lng
M chng r
-
42
4 Dy co
V tr
S tng
cng
Han, r
M chng r
5 Ph kin
dy co
Tng
Kha cp
Man
m cp
M chng r
6 Thang cp,
cu cp
V tr
Sn
Han, r
chc chn
7 Tip t,
chng st
in tr t ti b t t
in tr tip t ti
bng ng trong
in tr tip t ti
bng ng ngoi
in tr tip t ti cc
bng ng tip t im
un feeder
Kim thu st
H thng dy lin kt
H thng mi ni, mi
hn
8 H thng
in
in p
-
43
Dng in
H thng cp ngun
ngoi trm
H thng cp ngun
trong trm
T in tng
T in phn phi
Cu dao o
Automat iu khin
Cng tc
cm
ng h in
(Trng hp c s bt thng, cn b sung lu tr thng tin bng hnh nh)
5. xut, kin ngh:
-
44
Biu mu 4
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
c lp T do Hnh phc
., ngy .. thng .. nm .
KT QU KIM TRA THNG XUYN C S H TNG TRM
ANTEN (Trm ct thp t ng)
1. Tn trm:
2. a ch:
3. Thnh phn kim tra: Nhn vin qun l trm
4. Ni dung kim tra:
Stt Hng mc
kim tra
Ni dung kim tra So vi
thit k
Tnh
trng
Ghi
ch
1 Mng ct
Kch thc
Cht lng b tng
Hnh dng
V tr
Bu lng neo
2 Thn ct
anten
cao
Hnh dng (thng,
nghing, vn, xon)
Sn
Han, r, n mn
Bu lng
M chng r
3 V trm
Phn mng
Tng
Sn nh
Trn nh
Mi
Ca chnh, ca s
Kha
Thot nc mi
-
45
4 Thang cp,
cu cp
V tr
Sn
Han, r
chc chn
5 Tip t,
chng st
in tr t ti b t t
in tr tip t ti
bng ng trong
in tr tip t ti
bng ng ngoi
in tr tip t ti cc
bng ng tip t im
un feeder
Kim thu st
H thng dy lin kt
H thng mi ni, mi
hn
6 H thng
in
in p
Dng in
H thng cp ngun
ngoi trm
H thng cp ngun
trong trm
T in tng
T in phn phi
Cu dao o
Automat iu khin
Cng tc
cm
ng h in
(Trng hp c s bt thng, cn b sung lu tr thng tin bng hnh nh)
5. xut, kin ngh:
-
46
Ph c 2.2 Phng php quan trc thng, nghing, vn xon ct anten
Phng php quan trc thng, nghing, vn xon ca ct anten l phng php
o gc nh bng my ton c (in t Leica TS02 5) theo trnh t sau y:
Bc : Khi phc v tr tm ca ct anten, nh du n bng mt im c nh trn
mt t v t ti y mt tiu ngm;
Bc 2: Dng h trc to gi nh c gc to l tm ca ct, hai trc X v Y
vung gc vi cc cnh ca ct nh hnh v di:
- Dng mt h ta gi nh gm 4 mc, A, B, C, D sao cho cc mc AB, CD
vung gc vi cnh ca ct.
- Chn khong cch cc mc sao cho khong cch cc mc xp x bng chiu cao
ca ct.
B
A
C D
O
-
47
- Dng my ton c (Leica TS02 5) o vo cc tr mng xc nh tim O ca
ct.
- Dng my thy chun o kim tra cc tr mng: kim tra cao cc b mng
c ng b khng.
- xc nh nghing ca ct: Ta chn cc im A hng ngm O, im B,
hng ngm O, v lm tng t vi C v D. T cc gc nhn quan st khc nhau
s cho ta mt kt qu o t tim O lm hng ngm v di t di ln cc tng ct
xc nh nghing ca tng tng ct.
- Dng phng php xc nh cao khng vi ti ca my ton c in t
(Leica TS02 5) ta c th xc nh c cao ca ct ni b nghing hoc b
vn xon ca ct cao bao nhiu v nghing bao nhiu mt so vi tm ct,
a ra phng n x l v khc phc.
-
48
Ph c 2.3 Yu cu k thut v quy trnh p dng, cng chnh ct thp dy
neo
- Lm u cp di mt t: Lp cc kha cp cng c. Lc sit kha cp i vi cp
D12 l 80 N.m (c th sit kha eccu ca kha cp bng c l, c l tup hoc m lt
thng thng, sau kim tra li lc sit bng c l lc)
- Dng ct v lm u cp di vi ng quy cch lp kha cp v sit cu kha cp
nh u trn.
- Dy co c cng vi lc cng ban u theo bn v thit k.
- Vic xc nh lc cng ban u trong dy co ca thp l bt buc vi tt c thp dy
co. Vic tnh ton v thit k lc cng ban u da trn cc tiu chun thit k. Dy
cp thng c thit k lc cng ban u bng 10% lc ko t ca cp, lc cng ln
nht l 15% v nh nht l 8% lc ko t (theo tiu chun TIA/EIA-222-F). Nu ta
t lc di 8% th dy cp s b trng cn nu t qu 15% dy s trong tnh trng
qu cng v lm ct d b nh hng giao ng do gi.
- Kim tra sau khi dy neo c t trc lc cng ban u v ct tr c hon
chnh vic cng ko gia cc m neo, cc chi tit ca thp c kim tra t yu
cu v kt cu. Dy cp v cc ph kin ng theo yu cu thit k, dy cp khng b
to hay t cc si cp. Lin kt gia cc ph kin m bo an ton khng c du hiu
nt v, thiu ren lin kt, bulng
- Kim tra trong iu kin thi tit c gi nh (tc gi nh hn 5m/s), khng c gi
ln hoc ma bo. Nhn vin kim tra m bo y kiu kin an ton lao ng
trc khi tin hnh kim tra. Khng c php kim tra dy khi c ngi ang lm
vic trn ct.
- Lc cng trc trong dy neo c o kim tra bng tensionmetre chuyn dng. Nu
khng c tensionmetre chuyn dng th lc cng trc c c lng gn ng cn
c vo cng dy neo bng vi cng dy neo thng thng v n c thc hin t
trc n nay (cc ct dy neo c lp dng t trc n nay ng vi tng cao
ct v tng c dy neo).
Vic xc nh chnh xc lc cng ban u cng gip cn chnh thng ng ca ct.
Nu cc lp dy c t chnh xc lc cng ban u nh thit k, ct s khng b
nghing hay vn xon do tc ng ca lc cng dy ln ct thp khc nhau.
Lc cng tham kho nh sau:
-
49
Gi tr lc cng ban u cho thp dy co
ng knh dy neo Chiu cao ct Lc cng ban u
13,5mm H > 60 m 650kG 900kG
12 mm 36m < H < 60m 400kG 500kG
10 mm 24m < H < 36 m 250kG 300kG
8 mm H< 24 m 200kG 250kG
i vi ct bin o cao 102 m, 6 m neo vi 11 tng dy neo
Tng dy neo 14 : Lc cng si cp thp theo thit k 700kG (cp ng knh 12
mm )
Tng dy neo 57 : Lc cng si cp thp theo thit k 800kG (cp ng knh 12
mm)
Tng dy neo 811: Lc cng si cp thp theo thit k 900kG (cp ng knh 13.5)
- Cng chnh (bng tng ) a ct v trng thi thng ng.
- Sit kha cp ln 2: Dng c l lc sit ton b kha cp ln th 2, m bo ton b
cu ca kha cp c sit vi lc sit theo quy nh. C th:
o Sit tng tng dy neo (c hai u trn v di ca dy neo) t di ln
hoc t trn xung.
o Khng tin hnh sit dy neo ln 2 t mt tng neo bt k, trnh kh
nng b st.
o i trng thi cng trc tip ch huy cng tc sit kha cp ln 2, loi
tr kh nng b st cc u dy neo khng c sit li.
o Ln sit th 2 bt buc phi dng c l lc.
- Kim tra li thng ng ca thn ct.
- Nu thn ct cha thng ng, tip tc cng chnh tng .
- Bt k dy neo no c cng chnh theo hng tng cng ca dy neo th sau
phi sit li kha cp c hai u dy (m bo lc sit theo quy nh).
- i trng thi cng kim tra 100% s kha cp c sit ln 2 bng c l lc, kim
tra c trn ct v di t.
- Kim tra lc cng trong cp thng xuyn v cn chnh li ni lc trong cp l mt
cng vic cn thit v quan trng m bo ct lm vic mt cch bnh thng.
- Lp bin bn hin trng sit kha cp ln 2, trong ghi r h tn km ch k
ca i trng, ngi sit kha cp ln 2 u trn, ngi sit kha cp ln 2 u
di ca dy neo.
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50
Ph c 2.4 Quy trnh sit kha cp dy neo
- Thnh phn c bn kha cp l mt bu lng ch U, hai u ren. Mi ln ch c vn
cu 3 n 5 vng mt u bu lng, sau chuyn sang vn cu u bn kia (3
n 5 vng). Cng v cui s vng mt ln sit cng gim v s ln thay i u bu
lng cng tng ln.
- cu th 2 ca kha cp ch c lp sau khi cu th nht t c lc sit theo quy
nh i vi tng loi cp.
Bt kho cp lc v u gia 2 cu trn cng 1 kho cp s khng lm cho cc ren
trn thanh ch U b trn ren.
C th sit ecu bng c l, m lt.... thng thng, sau kim tra li lc sit bng cl
lc.
Khong cch im un cong dy cp thp mc vo tng n kho cp th nht l :
100mm
T kho cp th 1 2 : 50mm
T kho cp th 2 3 : 200mm
T kho cp th 3 4 : 200mm
Cp thp d : 300mm
- Tuyt i khng s dng kha cp chu lc ca dy neo bt dy thu st chn dy
neo.
- Ti thi im nghim thu lp dng, thn tng phi m bo kha su n
khong h thanh ging. Khong h cn li ca thanh ging c s dng tng dy
neo trong qu trnh vn hnh khai thc.
- Tin hnh bi m chng r tt c cc ph kin (tng , man, bulng ni t )
ngay sau khi lp dng ct.
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51
Ph c 2.5 Mt s phng php o c cng
Lc ko ban u trong thp dy co l mt phn rt quan trng trong thit k
cng nh thi cng thp, phc lc 05 trnh by bn phng php o lc cng ca cp.
Mi phng php o u c u v nhc im ring. Nhng hin nay phng php
c dng ph bin trn th gii v cho kt qu c th tin cy c l phng php o
trc tip theo tiu chun TIA/EIA-222-F, v phng php ny n gin thi gian kim
tra nhanh, thit b sn c v gi thnh r. Phng php kim tra trc tip c mt u
im vt tri so vi cc phng php khc l c th tin hnh cn chnh c cp
ngay trong qu trnh o lc cng.
Vic xc nh chnh xc lc cng ban u cng gip cn chnh thng ng
ca ct. Nu cc lp dy c t chnh xc lc cng ban u nh thit k, ct s
khng b nghing hay vn xon do tc ng ca lc cng dy ln ct thp khc nhau.
Hin nay Vit Nam cn thiu cc tiu chun cng nh cc qui nh k thut v
vic kim tra lc cng ban u cho cc thp vin thng; v vy y c th lm mt ti
liu tham kho cho cc k s khi thi cng cc thp dy neo.
1. Phng php kim tra gin tip theo tiu chun TIA/EIA-222-F
. Xc nh lc cng bng cch m dao ng ca lc xung kch
Tc dng mt lc xung kch ln dy cp gn ch lin kt vi tr neo, di tc
dng ca lc cp c dao ng. T dao ng u tin chuyn xung v tr neo cp th
bt u dng ng h bm gi. S lng dao ng ti v tr neo cp vi m neo c
m v lc cng ban u c tnh theo cng thc sau:
2
2
M05.8
TP
WLN [lb] (1)
2
2
M94.5
TP
WLN [N] (2)
22
A22
T
L
WH
L
WVTM (3)
Trong : TA Lc cng ca dy ti v tr neo n v lb [N]
TM - Lc cng ca dy co ti gia dy , lb [N]
W Tng trng lng ca dy co bao gm cc ph kin, lb [N]
L Chiu di dy neo, ft [m]
Gi tr ca L c xc nh nh sau: 22L VH
-
52
Hnh 1
Hnh 2
Hnh 1. S kim tra lc cng ban u ca ct bng phng php m s dao
ng;
Hnh 2. S kim tra lc cng ban u ca ct bng phng php m s dao
ng
H Khong cch nm ngang t im gn dy neo trn ct n im lin kt ti
neo, ft [m]
V Khong cch thng ng t im lin kt dy neo trn ct n im lin kt
dy ti m neo, ft [m]
N S cc dao ng thc hin trong khong thi gian P giy
P Thi gian o c s dao ng N tnh bng giy
Vi cch tnh ny c th xc nh c lc cng ban u nhng n ph thuc
nhiu vo k nng cng nh kinh nghim ca k s ti hin trng.
.2 Xc nh lc cng bng cch o hnh hc
Xc nh ng tip tuyn vi cp ti tr neo ct vi thn ct, bng cch o
hoc c lng xc nh c gi tr I (khong cch gia im neo dy co trn thp v
im giao gia ng tip tuyn v thp) xem hnh 3.
-
53
Hnh 3. S xc nh gi tr lc cng bng phng php o hnh hc
Khi lc cng c xc nh theo cng thc:
22
A
WC H V IT
HI
(4)
Gii thch cc k hiu:
TA Lc cng trong dy ti tr neo, lb [N]
W Tng trng lng trong dy, lb [N]
H Khong cch nm ngang t im gn dy neo trn thp n im lin kt ti
neo, ft [m]
V Khong cch thng ng t im lin kt dy neo trn ct n im lin kt
dy ti m neo, ft [m]
C Khong cch t im neo cp trn ct n trng tm khi lng W, [m]
I - Khong cch im neo dy vo ct v im giao ca tip tuyn dy neo v ct,
ft [m]
Nu trng lng ca cp phn b u dc theo cp, gi tr ca C s c ly gn
ng bng H/2.
Nu trng lng ca cp khng phn b u, cp c th c chia ra thnh n on
v p dng cng thc di y:
HI
IVHSTA
22 (5)
Trong :
N
i
iiCWS1
(6)
Wi Trng lng ca on th i, lb [N]
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54
Ci - Khong cch nm ngang gia im lin kt dy neo vo ct v trng tm ca
mi on, ft [m]
N S on chia ca cp
Trong trng hp kh xc nh c gi tr I, c th s dng cng thc di
y xc nh gi tr lc cng ca cp:
tan
tan1 2
HV
WCTA
(7)
Gii thch cc k hiu:
Gc ca cp ti m neo (hnh 3);
I = V H tan (8)
V
222
tan1
HI
IVH (9)
Gi tr WC c th thay th bng S.
2. Phng php o trc tip theo tiu chun TIA/EIA-222-F
Phng php dng cc thit b o lc cng vi mt s ph kin xem hnh
tin hnh xc nh trc tip lc cng trc trong cp. Phng php o bng cch tng
ti dn dn cho thit b o lc, khi t n lc cng ban u trong cp th on cp
c kp gia thit b o lc s c xu hng b trng. S liu hin th trn thit b o
lc lc dy cp bt u b trng chnh l lc cng ban u c trong dy cp, xem
hnh 4.
Hnh 4.
Hnh 5
Hnh 4. S o lc cng trong cp bng phng php trc tip, Hnh 5. Hnh nh
o cp ti hin trng
Cc bc kim tra lc cng dy cp:
1. Cn c b o lc bao gm nhng ph kin sau:
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Cp ph; tng hoc thit b cng cp gn vi cp ph; thit b o lc gn vi
cp ph.
Nhng thit b trn cu thnh b o lc cng trong cp. Cc thit b trc khi
o cn phi c dn tem kim nh cht lng.
2. S dng kha cp gn vi b kim tra lc cng trong cp, kha cp gia cp
ph v cp cn o lc cng.
3. T t tng lc trong cp ph bng cch s dng tng cp (Cable Puller) n khi
thy phn cp cn o bt u trng xung, khi ton b lc cng trong cp c
chuyn qua thit b o lc.
4. Nu lc hin trn ng h o khng t theo yu cu thit k cn tng lc trong
cp chnh bng cch s dng tng (Turnbuckle), lm nh vy n khi ng h
trong thit b o lc t n gi tr thit k th dng li. Nu lc trong dy cp chnh
ln hn gi tr thit k th cn gim lc cng bng cch s dng tng , v kim tra
li n khi t gi tr lc thit k th dng li.
5. Hon thnh vic tho thit b o.
Cc thit b cn thit s dng khi o lc cng trong cp
Hnh 6. Kha cp v ng h o lc cng trong cp
Hnh 7. Tng v thit b tng cp
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3. o c cng theo phng php ca USCG
Theo hng d n vic xc nh lc cng t sn trong dy cp ca lc lng bo
v b bin ca M (United States Coast Guard) th s dng thit b o lc dng ko
nh sau:
Hnh 8. S lm vic ca thit b o trc tip theo USCG
Phng php dng thit b ny nhanh, n gin, d s dng v hiu qu. Thit
b ny gii hn di 1300 (kG) v ct cao ti 200 m. Nhng ct nh hn 60m th
khng cn thit dng thit b ny. Khi vn tay quay xem nh hnh 8, phn cp lin kt
vi neo tch ri nhau v truyn lc sang thit b o. S lm vic ca thit b xem
hnh 8. Nhng thit b ny khng sn c ti Vit Nam v thit b o ny ch ch to
cho nhng loi ct nht nh, vi cc ct khc nhau th cn phi thay i thit b.
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Ph c 2.6 Quy trnh cng tc m sch han r v cng tc sn
. Cng tc m sch p sn c han, r
- Kim tra, xit cht cc ph kin trn ct theo nguyn tc t di ln trn, cc ph
kin no g nng cn c thay th ngay trc khi lm cng vic tip theo.
- S dng ba g r v li dao co r lm sch ht lp r, lp sn c ph trn b
mt chi tit ct anten v cu cp, sau dng bn chi st chi ph v chi tinh
bng chi mm. Dng giy nhm nh sch l nh kim (hoc lp m) ca chi tit.
Trc khi sn lt chng r phi v sinh b mt chi tit.
- Nguyn tc: Cng tc lm sch b mt chi tit thc hin t trn cao xung di, nu
sau khi co pht hin nhng l r ln gy mt an ton cho ct anten v cu cp th phi
bo co ngi ph trch bit x l, cm sn ph. Nn lm sch xong ton b mi
sn lt chng r. Khng c lm hng mt m km nu c. Nu sau khi co g, sch
sn c m cha kp sn ngay th phn n ngy sau mi sn th phi lau chi cho
sch s trc khi sn.
2. Cng tc sn
Pha dung mi thch hp theo hng d n ca nh ch to sn. Tin hnh sn theo trnh
t sau:
- Sn 1 nc lt chng r.
- Sn 2 nc ph bng sn mu theo quy cch sn mu trc khi bo dng.
Sn lt chng g lp th nht sau khi lm sch b mt thn ct v cc ph kin ca
ct, dng chi sn nhng mt t sn quyt u tay, a di chi sn b mt c
u v sng bng, tn sn v sn bm chc vo b mt kim loi. Sn t trn xung
di t trong ra ngoi. Cc ch khut, cc khuyt tt ca b mt phi sn dm trc.
Phng php sn, s lp sn v dy mi lp, thi gian ch sn lp tip theo
sau khi sn lp trc phi tun theo hng d n ca nh cung cp sn.
Phng php lm kh mng sn, thi gian a b mt thp sn vo s dng
cng tun theo hng d n ca nh cung cp sn.
Xc nh dy ca cc nc sn: Trong thc t cha c thit b o kim tra, song c
th nhn bit theo cch sau y:
- Khi sn xong nc chng r nu khng thy b mt kim loi l c.
- Tng t, khi sn xong tng lp sn nu khng thy lp sn trc l c.
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Phi khuy tht u sn trc khi s dng. i vi sn mt thnh phn c th khuy
u sn bng th cng, tt nht l bng my khuy. Que khuy, cnh khuy phi m
bo sch s, khng dnh du, m, bi, t ct hoc cc tp cht khc.
Yu cu k thut phi t c l: Ton b b mt kim loi sau khi sn xong phi m
bo khng b rp, khng c ch m, ch nht, khng c vt sn chy, cc lng chi
khng c dnh trn b mt sn. B mt sn phi mn bng v ng mu, khng
c vt , vt chy, t sn hay t on v mu sc, dy mng v vt chi sn vv...
Ton b b mt kim loi c sn phi ng u nhn bng.
Cng vic sn phi c kim tra gim st cht ch tng lp sn: Cc lp sn phi
phng, u, ph kn b mt, khng c l chm kim, vt nt, vt xc, vt vn cc,
hin tng chy hoc c vy sn, dy mng sn kh mi lp ti thiu 80%, ti a
120% yu cu. Nu c khuyt tt phi sa cha trc khi sn lp tip theo hng d n
ca cn b k thut.
Ch c tin hnh thi cng sn khi thi tit kh ro, khng c sng m, m
khng kh khng qu 85%, nhit cho php tu thuc tng loi sn, nhng khng
cao qu 500C v khng thp di 5
0C.
Ti cc v tr hn gia c cc chi tit ct, ch c sn khi ngui mi hn v nh
sch vy hn.
Ch :
- Cc v tr phi sn pha trn thit b vin thng phi c bin php che ph bo
v thit b.
- Sn ct phi c hai mu trng xen k gia cc t ct v t di cng v
trn cng phi l mu .
- Mun sn lp tip theo cn phi ch cho lp sn trc tht kh (thng sau
mt ngy vi thi thi tit kh ro, khng sn vo ngy ma). Khng c
php thi cng sn khi tri sp ma, khi ang ma hoc va ma xong.
- Ti cc v tr hn sa, gia c cc chi tit cu cp, ch c sn khi v sinh
cc chi tit.
- Khng c cng mt lc tin hnh cng vic hai v tr khc cao trn cng
phng thng ng.
- Nu sau khi v sinh cc chi tit m cha kp sn ngay th phn ngy sau mi
sn phi v sinh li cc chi tit trc khi sn.
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- Vic tho d v lp t cp feeder khi sn cu cp phi c thc hin ng
quy trnh, khng gy tc ng mnh ln feeder. Sau khi bo dng xong phi
lp t li feeder theo ng tiu chun k thut