ASSIGNMENT EMBEDDED SYSTEMS IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

Topic: BMW 318i

Submitted by,

SHRIHARI.P

13MAE14

Embedded Systems involved in BMW:

Engine System:

Petrol engines BMW 318i:

The improvements are evolutionary as each one of the three technologies has been developed further. What is revolutionary however is how they compliment one another. In the BMW TwinPower Turbo in the BMW 335i they are combined in one complete package. The result: 225 kW (306 hp), 400 Nm across a wide speed range and silky smoothness. And all this at a fuel consumption level of just 8.8 l/100 km.

The straight six-cylinder petrol engines in the 325i and 330i boast a maximum power output of 160 or 200 kW (218/272 hp). The 325i completes the zero-to-100 km/h sprint in just 7.6 seconds, and the 330i takes a mere 6.5 seconds. Both models are characterised by refined power development plus excellent fuelefficiency.

With their lightweight aluminium construction, the four-cylinder petrol engines of the BMW 318i and 320i go about their work with astonishing efficiency. Impressive engine performances of 105 kW (143 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp), respectively, ensure ample forward thrust, while direct petrol injection and valve control with twin Vanos keep average fuel consumption low. The BMW 320i manages on 6.8 litres per 100 kilometres and the BMW 318i only needs 6.6 litres.Unlike other convertibles, the sporty attitude and impressive numbers of the 3 Series Convertible make it a true performance standout. A 300-hp twin-turbo 3.0-liter engine with piezo direct injection and 300 lb-ft of torque rockets the 335i Convertible from 0-60 in an astonishing 5.5 seconds. The 328i uses a Valvetronic aluminum/magnesium 3.0-liter powerplant, which produces an exhilarating 230 horsepower and 200 lb-ft of torque. Both engines are also as fuel-efficient as they are potent.

Power is now harnessed by a choice of 6-speed transmissions: standard manual, or the optional STEPTRONIC automatic. When equipped with the optional Sport Package and automatic transmission, the 335is optional paddle shifters2 make every drive a Formula 1-inspired event.Fuel consumption / CO2 emissions

Fuel

consumptionCombined:

5.1to8.8l/100kmUrban:

6.3to12.4l/100kmExtra-urban:

4.4to6.7l/100kmCombined CO2 emissions: 135 to 205

g/k

Gearing System:Driving Capacity:BMW wasnt about to throw away its hard-advertised ultimate driving machine reputation by making the 3-Series Convertible softer than an Italian penalty appeal. It is, however, carrying more weight than an equivalent coupe around two adults worth the result of chassis strengthening and all the widgets needed to make the three-piece roof fold. Thus, BMWs traditionally unyielding suspension has been slackened. The result: a silkier BMW with very little dynamic compromise. Its very nearly as shake free and sharp steering as the other 3-Series models which means its the most engaging executive convertible to drive.

BMW has evidently worked hard on wind flutter, too keeping it away, that is. Of the myriad engines, only the 320i and 325i petrols are lacking pace, and even though the thought of a four-cylinder diesel convertible is depressing, get over yourself: the 320d has more than enough quiet strength for the job. Obviously the six-cylinder cars are preferable especially the 330d, which is brutally quick even with the six-speed auto option ticked.

Dynamic Stability Control.

For greater safety and for greater driving pleasure: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC), an electronic chassis control system, is a standard feature on the BMW 3 Series Convertible.

Dynamic Stability Control constantly monitors the behaviour of the chassis and wheels. When it detects the threat of traction loss, it reduces drive power and applies precisely-measured braking pressure to individual wheels. Skidding is prevented before it can start, as within milliseconds, the BMW 3 Series Convertible is stabilised. At the touch of a button, Dynamic Traction Control can also be activated for extra traction and more surefooted progress on difficult surfaces.

The six-cylinder models of the BMW 3 Series Convertible offer four additional DSC functions:

1.Brake stand-by for reduced stopping distances in an emergency.2.Brake drying for improved brake response in wet conditions.3.Hill-start assistant for worry-free hill starts without rolling backwards.4. Fading compensation for consistent braking even when the brakes have heated up.

Dynamic Traction Control.

When driving on loose gravel or snow, activating Dynamic Traction Control (DTC) increases traction by improving tolerance for wheel slip, thus enabling the BMW 3 Series Convertible to gain better traction.

If the front wheels are stuck in snow and cannot spin properly, this leads to slip on the rear wheels and DSC acts to change engine output: the power needed for forward movement is reduced. Switching to DTC has a positive effect on this situation, as traction is improved without a loss of power. DTC allows you to drive at the limits without fear of exceeding them. It increases wheel slip on the drive wheels in order to ensure optimum traction on any surface. This allows the behaviour of the BMW 3 Series Convertible to be controlled entirely by the driver, with the DSC system taking a back seat. Drivers who appreciate a more sporting driving style can activate DTC to allow for controlled wheel skid, or "drift".

Leather Sport steering wheel.

The leather Sport steering wheel fits snugly in your hands to provide a firmer, sportier grip. The gearshift paddles fitted directly on the steering wheel heighten the sports driving experience while the integrated multifunction buttons can be used to operate the radio, music or telephone. The shift lever knob and handbrake lever handle are also leather providing precise control and a comfortable grip.

Seven-speed sport automatic transmission with double clutch.

This innovative transmission (optionally available for the BMW Convertible) has two separate clutches for the odd and even gears. When one gear is disengaged, the ext one is already engaged minimising shift times, and maximising precision.So you can accelerate without any interruption of power, just like in a sports car.

Six-speed manual transmission

for a very sporty drive. Smooth, with perfect ratios and precise, short-throw gearshifts. The reduced spacing of gear ratios means that you can make even more individual use of the engines

power.

Seven-speed sport automatic transmission with double clutch and gearshift paddles on the steering wheel for exceptionally fast gear changes without interruption of power, ensuringtop dynamic performance and optimized fuel efficiency. Acceleration individual systems:An electronic control unit saves the speed at which you are travelling at the moment you activate the system, and holds it constant by continually comparing this saved speed with the actual vehicle velocity. Variations are corrected by adjusting engine power output. This allows you to maintain speeds between approx. 30 km/h and 210 km/h without the need for corrective measures. The advantages are the driver is less distracted and can concentrate fully on the traffic. It also gives him the possibility of relaxing on long stretches and taking his foot off the accelerator. Speed control:Depending on the model of your BMW, the system is operated by an easy-to-use lever mounted on the steering column, or by buttons on the multifunction steering wheel. To deactivate cruise control, simply touch the brakes or press the I/O button. Pressing the Resume button (resume speed) will automatically reinstate the previously saved speed.

Dynamic cruise control is an electronic cruise control system with an extra braking function. This also includes the Curve Speed Limiter that reduces the speed in curves for comfortable lateral acceleration. At the end of the curve the car accelerates and resumes the original speed. The driver can change this in increments of 1 or 10 km/h. Acceleration and deceleration in two dynamic settings can be controlled by manipulating the lever on the steering column or the paddle on the steering wheel (Comfort Dynamic system).

Active cruise control provides an even more comfortable driving experience. Not only does it maintain the desired speed, it also keeps the selected following distance. A radar sensor with a range of up to 200 m continually measures the distance between your vehicle and the cars in front of it. The sensor also detects if these vehicles are in the same lane as your vehicle or in another.Comfort Access, including exterior door handle illumination.

This system allows you to unlock, lock and start your BMW without inserting the key. All you need is the remote control, which transmits an identification signal to the car, in your pocket. Simply touch the door handle or boot lid and the BMW unlocks or locks as required. Similarly, a touch of the Start/Stop button is all it takes to start the engine.

Active Cruise Control.

This option enables comfortable driving at a pre-selected speed. When driving in columns of traffi c, your BMW automatically adapts to the speed of the preceding vehicle and uses its radar sensor to maintain a pre-set distance. The braking function ensures that the desired speed is maintained even when travelling downhill (not for four-cylinder models).Comfort Access system:Vicinity lighting integrated into the exterior door handles. Enables opening, starting and locking your BMW without a key. You only need to have the remote control on you, e.g. in your jacket pocket. Touching the exterior door handles or the tailgate establishes a radio connection between the vehicle and the remote control unit, and the central locking opens the car upon successful verification of identity. In addition, the engine can be started without the need for a key, using the Start/Stop button. The comfort access system also allows you to close the hardtop from outside, via remote control.Six-speed automatic transmission: Adaptive Transmission Management (ATM) to adjust to the drivers requirements. The best possible gear is selected according to the driving situation and the drivers acceleration and braking behaviour. The S sport mode allows for a sporty driving style. Gears can be selected manually via Steptronic by moving the selector lever backwards or forwards without having to press a clutch pedal .Seven-speed sport automatic transmission with double clutch: sssGearshift paddles on the steering wheel for exceptionally fast gear changes without interruption of power, ensuring top dynamic performance and optimized fuel efficiency .Central switch: Automatic opening and closing of the retractable hardtop, including the windows. It takes about seconds for the roof to open.

Specific Applications:

BMW Apps with BMW Connected:Well connected: now you no longer have to do without apps on your iPhone while on the road. Simply connect your iPhone to your BMW using the snap-in adapter or the original Apple connector cable and you can comfortably operate individual apps with the iDrive Controller.

BMW Connected is a free app developed by BMW that brings Facebook, Twitter or your favourite web radio station in a clear overview to the main vehicle display in the cockpit. In addition, with the Last Navigation function and the Vehicle Finder you can reach the destinations set in the navigation system of your BMW even when you are outside of your vehicle as well as find your way back to your vehicle at any time. Functions available through the BMW Connected app are updated on a regular basis, and, of course, you can use apps certified by BMW in the future via BMW ConnectedDrive in the vehicle. Get ready for the next generation of mobile communication and mobile entertainment: with your iPhone and BMW ConnectedDrive.

BMW Apps is compatible with iPhone GS3/4 and iPod Touch (with an active Wi-Fi connection) devices and requires the optional equipment Apps.

Roll-over bars.

The BMW 3 Series Convertible offers a highly elegant solution to roll-over protection. The roll-over bars concealed in the rear seats ensure sufficient clearance for passengers' heads in the event of an accident. They are triggered within milliseconds if the highly responsive sensors detect a critical situation.

Retractable hardtop.

Here comes the sun: the retractable hardtop disappears in just 23 seconds. The optimally designed windblock leaves the driver and passenger plenty of freedom to enjoy a pure and exhilarating open-air experience. And the hardtop closes just as quickly as the weather can change.Design:The basis for every day: a long wheelbase, elongated bonnet and wide double kidney. With the roof closed, the curved, coup-style roof lines never fail to impress. With the roof open it is the flat rear and short windblock that impart the unique feeling of sitting directly under an open sky.Invisible antenna.

Follow the contours of the BMW 3 Series Convertible from the elongated bonnet across the coup-like roof line down to the powerful rear, and what you see is a striking expression of powerful athleticism and elegance. And thanks to the invisible antenna for the radio, navigation and phone network the smooth contours can be enjoyed without a single interruption.

Global Positioning System:

BMW may continuously broadcasts anavigation messageon L1 C/A and L2 P/Y frequencies at a rate of 50 bits per second (seebitrate). Each complete message takes 750 seconds (12 1/2 minutes) to complete. The message structure has a basic format of a 1500-bit-long frame made up of five subframes, each subframe being 300 bits (6 seconds) long. Subframes 4 and 5 are subcommutated 25 times each, so that a complete data message requires the transmission of 25 full frames. Each subframe consists of ten words, each 30 bits long. Thus, with 300 bits in a subframe times 5 subframes in a frame times 25 frames in a message, each message is 37,500 bits long. At a transmission rate of 50 bit/s, this gives 750 seconds to transmit an entirealmanac message (GPS). Each 30-second frame begins precisely on the minute or half-minute as indicated by the atomic clock on each satellite.[85]The first subframe of each frame encodes the week number and the time within the week,[86]as well as the data about the health of the satellite. The second and the third subframes contain theephemeris the precise orbit for the satellite. The fourth and fifth subframes contain thealmanac, which contains coarse orbit and status information for up to 32 satellites in the constellation as well as data related to error correction. Thus, in order to obtain an accurate satellite location from this transmitted message the receiver must demodulate the message from each satellite it includes in its solution for 18 to 30 seconds. In order to collect all the transmitted almanacs the receiver must demodulate the message for 732 to 750 seconds or 12 1/2 minutes.[87]All satellites broadcast at the same frequencies. Signals are encoded usingcode division multiple access(CDMA) allowing messages from individual satellites to be distinguished from each other based on unique encodings for each satellite.BMW Individual.

Allow your BMW 3 Series Convertible to develop its own individual character by adapting it to meet your personal needs. As you create a style that is unique as you are youll appreciate even more all of the qualities that are hard to perceive at first sight: the exceptional, the rare, the truly individual. Exclusivity that is reflected in every detail.

As well as in the unique BMW Individual paint finishes. Their captivating changing effects create a fascinating and exclusive interplay of colours that make the BMW Individual paint finishes unmistakable including the BMW Individual paint finish Ruby Black metallic. The composition of the countless ruby pigments allows the anthracite-coloured surface to lend the vehicle an unmistakable red-gold luminance that fails to go unnoticed on any road.Fuel consumptionUrban in l/100 km7.7 [8.2]

Extra-urban in l/100 km5.2 [5.4]

Combined in l/100 km6.1 [6.4]

CO2 emissions in g/km162 [170]

Tank capacity, approx. in l61

PerformanceTop speed in km/h250 [250]Acceleration 0100 km/h in s6.4 [6.5]Acceleration 80120 km/h in 4th/5th gear in s5.2/6.6

WeightUnladen weight EU in kg1,825 [1,840]Unladen weight EU in kg2,180 [2,195]Permitted load in kg430Permitted axle load front/rear in kg

1,005/1,200

EngineCylinders/valves6/4Capacity in ccm2,993Stroke/bore in mm90.0/84.0Max. output in kW (hp) at 1/min

180 (245)/4,000

Max. torque in Nm at 1/min

520/1,750-3,000

Compression ratio : 1

16.5

WheelsTyre dimensions front225/45 R17 YTyre dimensions rear255/40 R17 VWheel dimensions and material front8 J x 17 inches, light-alloyWheel dimensions and material rear

8 1/2 J x 17 inches, light-alloy

LED light design.

Great perspectives and even better views: the BMW 3 Series Convertible captivates at night with its standard bi-xenon headlights with low as high beam and well as during the day with its daytime running lights. Energy is saved too thanks to the use of LED technology.

With dynamic headlight range control and Adaptive Headlights, which now include city and motorway lights, the xenon Adaptive Headlights always provide optimum illumination. The sun definitely doesn't have to be out for the BMW 3 Series Convertible to show off its unique character.

The LED corona ring daytime running lights, the accent lights above the headlights as well as the side lights combine elegant style with outstanding function to make the BMW 3 Series Convertible uniquely distinguishable at first sight. The tail and brake lights in LED technology also ensure it cuts an impressive figure from the rear.Every aspect of the BMW 3 Series Convertible design is an expression of first-class functionality.Chassis System:Chassismeans theframeplus the "running gear" likeengine,transmission,driveshaft,differential, andsuspension.

A body (sometimes referred to as "coachwork"), which is usually not necessary for integrity of the structure, is built on the chassis to complete the vehicle.

Forcommercial vehiclesarolling chassisconsists of an assembly of all the essential parts of a truck (without the body) to be ready for operation on the road. The design of a pleasure car chassis will be different than one for commercial vehicles because of the heavier loads and constant work use. Commercial vehicle manufacturers sell chassis only, cowl and chassis, as well as "chassis cab" versions that can be outfitted with specialized bodies. These includemotor homes,fire engines,ambulances,box trucks, etc.

Anarmoured fighting vehicle's hull serves as the chassis and comprises the bottom part of the AFV that includes thetracks, engine, driver's seat, and crew compartment. This describes the lower hull, although common usage might include the upper hull to mean the AFV without theturret. The hull serves as a basis for platforms ontanks,armoured personnel carriers,combat engineering vehicles, etc.

Conclusion:

The Asia Pacific region is becoming increasingly crucial to global automotive sales. Although it has been overshadowed by China's rapid growth in recent years, emerging markets is set for steady growth where BMW is already there but needs to concentrate more and needs to adaptive marketing strategies to get success out there.

These markets are going to be huge as there is more population in these countries as in comparison to US and UK market. In addition, BMW needs to come with few more BMW Films interactive marketing campaigns, the quot; Ultimate Driving Machine quot;. As it is had very successful and showed good promise in it for the selling point.

These kinds of advertising are creating very good brand value for the company and company portrayed itself how they want to be in front of customers. To conclude this BMW wants to double its sales in next 3-5 years then company need to continue its investment in R&D and innovate as thats the strength of the company it enjoys competitive edge over the competitors.