blurred lines: social gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · blurred lines:...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and bettingNicholas Aquilina
GREF Annual Meeting, Prague, 31 May 2018
![Page 2: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Return of Sports Betting to the US
1992: Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ("PASPA") prohibits bets directly or indirectly
based on sporting events in which amateurs or professionals participate.
2017: PASPA brought before the US Supreme Court in case Murphy vs. NCAA.
14 May 2018: US Supreme Court declares PASPA unconstitutional (6:3).
PASPA contradicts the "anti-commandeering" principle.
States can regulate and license sports betting: "The legalization of sports gambling requires an
important policy choice, but the choice is not ours to make."
![Page 4: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Multi-Million Dollar Market for Sports Betting
Post-PASPA market for sports betting in Delaware, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York and
Pennsylvania estimated to be USD 770 millions of GGR.
Uniform framework on a federal level?
• GAME Act and Sports Gaming Opportunity Act, but:
• Wire Act (US DoJ: applies only to sports betting)
• UIGEA (Exception for online poker, online casino and online lotteries)
![Page 5: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fantasy Sports
![Page 6: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
USA: sports betting vs. fantasy sports
Unlawful Internet Gaming Enforcement Act (2006)
Carve out for Fantasy Sports
• Prizes established and made known to the participants in advance.
• Value of prizes not determined by the number of participants or amount of fees
• All winning outcomes reflect the participants' relative knowledge and skill
• Outcome is determined predominantly by accumulated statistical results of the performance of individuals […] in multiple real-world sporting or other events
• Outcome is not based on the score or performance of any single real-world team or individual athlete
![Page 7: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fantasy Sports – how does it work?
Players take on the role of a manager and choose real athletes for their team.
Fantasy teams compete against each other in fantasy competitions.
Scoring system according to actual performance of athletes in the real world events.
And the winner is… whose fantasy team receives the most points at the end of a season,
competition, tournament or a game day.
![Page 8: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fantasy Sports – who is playing?
71% male Average age: 32 Average annual expenses (18+): USD 653
18% of total population in the US 19% of total population in Canada
Household income > USD 75.000: 53% Full-time employment: 67% College degree (or higher): 50%
![Page 9: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Number of Players
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
USA and Canada; in millions
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2014
2015
![Page 10: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Consolidation?
Merger talks between FanDuel and DraftKings ended due to competiton law.
Following SCOTUS PASPA ruling, Paddy Power Betfair bid for FanDuel.
Focus on the prospective US sports betting market.
![Page 11: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
And the law says…
![Page 12: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Austria: Gambling, Betting or Game of Skill?
Aleatory element? ("exclusively or predominantly")
Bet pursuant to section 1270 of the Austrian Civil Code: "If a certain price is agreed between two
parties, for the person whose assertion corresponds to the success of an event of which the
outcome is unknown to both parties: a bet is placed." ("Wenn über ein beyden Theilen noch
unbekanntes Ereigniß ein bestimmter Preis zwischen ihnen für denjenigen, dessen Behauptung der
Erfolg entspricht, verabredet wird: so entsteht eine Wette.")
Totalizer?
Tax: 20% VAT or 2% (on stakes) betting duty according to Austrian Fees and Duties Act.
![Page 13: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
UK: Pool Betting
UK Gambling Act 2005 (Part I, Section 12)
Pool betting: the prize/part of the prize
• determined by reference to the total amount of paid or agreed stakes
• divided among the winners
• shall or may be something other than money
![Page 14: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Malta: Controlled Skill Games
Skill Games Regulations 2017 (based on the Lotteries and Other Games Act)
• Played for money or monetary value
• By means of distance communication
• Results depend exclusively or predominantly on the player‘s skill
• Economic acitvity (no sports event)
Skill: knowledge, dexterity, strength, speed, accuracy, reaction time, coordination, and, or
competence in other physical or mental feats acquired, developed or learnt through practice,
experience or study
![Page 15: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Social Gaming
![Page 16: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ISGA definition of social games
Typically online or on mobile devices
Social element – playing with or directly against friends
Quick and easy
Free to play
Player can spend money but can never win money: no cash out
![Page 17: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Definition of social games
UK Gambling Commission
• free or paid to enter• no cash prize• social element can be absent
Alternative definition
• Games accessed via an established social networkaccount or via app designed for enabling social interaction
• requiring player's permission for use of "social graph"• with "freemium" access• and symbolic rewards
![Page 18: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Freemium
free "basic features"
"premium content" or enhanced
playing features cost real money
![Page 19: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The typical player of Social Games is…
female…
40 years old…
US-American…
spends less than a few cents a day…
in an hour of gameplay…
So, who really cares?
![Page 20: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Monetization by Player Segment
![Page 21: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
10%
37%41%
63%67% 68%
74%81%
95%
90%
63%59%
37%33% 32%
26%19%
5%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Top 11 - Bea FootballManager
TexasHold'Em
Poker
Okey CityVille Slotomania Words withFriends
BejeweledBlitz
BubbleIsland
Mall World
% o
f A
ud
ien
ce
Male
Female
![Page 22: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
35% 34%26%
13%18%
9% 12%7%
3%
30%27%
27%
21%20%
18%16%
12%
9%
25%
23%
25%
28% 23%
27% 22%
22%
20%
7%10%
12%
19% 18%
21%21%
25%
24%
2%4%
6%
12% 13%15%
17%20%
24%
1% 2% 4% 7% 8% 10% 12% 14%20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Top 11 - Bea FootballManager
Mall World Okey TexasHold'Em
Poker
CityVille Words withFriends
BubbleIsland
BejeweledBlitz
Slotomania
% o
f A
ud
ien
ce
Over 55
46 to 55
36 to 45
26 to 35
18 to 25
Under 18
![Page 23: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Convergence?
2012: Bingo Friendzy
Real money gambling accessed via social networks
Free-to-play as funnel to real money product
Bingo Friendzy shut down in June 2014
Magic888 shut down in August 2014
Zynga Slots shut down on 30 April 2015
![Page 24: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
New and reverse convergence
New convergence
"Socializing" real-money products and platforms
Social triggers: tournaments, leaderboards, awards, chats, "likes"
Reverse convergence
Taking real money players to play social (casino)
Social entertainment product
![Page 25: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Zynga – revenues
mUSD 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
revenues 1281.27 873.27 690.41 764.72 741.42 861.39
revenuedevelopment - 32 % - 21% +11 % - 3 % +16 %
![Page 26: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
King.com – revenues
mUSD 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
revenues 164.41 1884.3 2260.24 1999.49 1586 1998
revenuedevelopment +1046 % +20% - 11,5 % -21 % +26 %
![Page 27: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
And the law says…
![Page 28: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Is it gambling?
Consideration
ENTER TAIN
MENT
No payout
![Page 29: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Subject to gambling law?
Country / CriteriaElement of
ChanceConsideration* Prize*
Entrepren.Activity
Public Offer
Austria X n.a.
France X n.a. n.a.
Germany X n.a.
Italy X n.a. n.a.
Spain X n.a. n.a.
Great Britain n.a. X n.a. n.a.
Malta X n.a. n.a.
![Page 30: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Grooming?
Introduction to gambling through similar triggers?
Chasing losses?
Consumer Protection: transparent information, information requirements, withdrawal
![Page 31: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Principles for online and in-app games
UK Office of Fair Trading
• Clear and accurate information, amongst others about costs associated with games
• Require that commercial intent and promotion must be distinguished from gameplay
• Prohibit the "false impression" some games give about whether payments are required
• Prohibit aggressive practices and others which could exploit children‘s inexperience, vulnerability or credulity
• Require the explicit authorisation of payments
![Page 32: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
E-Sports
![Page 33: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
E-Sports
Competing players of computer games
Genres: Real Time Strategy, Fighting, First-Person-Shooter,
Multiplayer-Online Battle Arena
Entry fee and prize money in international events
Monetization
• Bets on E-Sports
• E-Sports platforms for (casual) players
• Fantasy E-Sports
• Tournaments and Live-Events
![Page 34: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
82 MILLION EURAnnual prize money worth over
DOTA 2 tournament "The International" prize money
21 MILLION EURUS Open 2017: EUR 42.6 million
![Page 35: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Event 2012 2017 Growth in %
NBA Finale 18,5 Mio. 20 Mio. 8%
NHL Finale 8 Mio. 9,5 Mio. 19%
Champions League Finale
299 Mio. 400 Mio. 33%
League of LegendsWM Finale
8,2 Mio. 52 Mio. 632%
![Page 36: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
And the law says…
![Page 37: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Lootboxes
![Page 38: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Lootboxes
Loot
Acquistion through unlocking, finding and purchasing
Content: various virtual goods with different value (Social Behaviour Monitoring, RNG)
Purchasing possible via in-game currency or real money
![Page 39: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Grooming?
Introduction to gambling through similar triggers?
Chasing losses?
Youth protection: Age rating of games (PEGI), legal capacity
Consumer Protection: transparent information, information requirements, withdrawal
![Page 40: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
And the law says…
![Page 41: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Netherlands
Review by the Dutch gambling authority (Kansspelautoriteit)
4 out of 10 examined games violate applicable law (FIFA 18, Rocket League, DOTA 2,
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds)
Lootboxes contain items with real market value
Potential for resale (fungibility)
![Page 42: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Belgium
Review by the Belgian Gaming Commission (April 2018 Report on FIFA 18, Counter Strike: Global
Offensive, Overwatch, Star Wars Battlefront II)
Lootboxes qualify as gambling and are subject to Belgian gambling law
Recommandation
• Specific license for gambling elements in computer games
• Prohibition of the sale of computer games that contain lootboxes to minors
• Age verification with the purchase of codes/giftcards for computer games
• Transparency- and information regulations for game developers, "wager" limits
![Page 43: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
…what next!?
![Page 44: Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting · 2018-10-23 · Blurred lines: Social Gaming and new trends in gaming and betting Nicholas Aquilina GREF Annual](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042309/5ed6e7cadf0eda5e752aeff2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Mag. Nicholas Aquilina
Brandl & Talos Rechtsanwälte GmbH
Mariahilfer Straße 116
1070 Vienna
T +43 1 522 5700E [email protected]
W www.btp.at
Follow us: