1. WELCOME

2. BLUETONGUE SCENARIO INDIADr. D. SREENIVASULU Associate Dean COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE TIRUPATI (A.P): INDIA 3. INITIAL PHASE OF BLUETONGUE First report: 1964 MaharastraBluetongue in Exotic Sheep (Import of cattle, Sheep and Goat for cross breeding) 1967-70 : Southdown, Rambouillet, Russian Merino and CorriedaleHisar 1974: Dorset Andhra Pradesh Native sheep maintained in close proximity did not show any symptoms 4. ENDEMIC PHASE BLUETONGUE IN NATIVE SHEEP 1981- Severe outbreaks in native sheep of Karnataka Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, with mortality rates ranging from 2% to 50%. Morbidity was as high as 80% 1983 - BT outbreaks were reported all over Andhra Pradesh with a case fatality rate of 21.9% 1985 onwards, outbreaks were recorded regularly in South Indian States BT not reported in native sheep of North India 5. BLUETONGUE :INDIA SIGNIFICANCE Endemic Native Sheep Economic loss 6. SHEEP REARING : INDIA Landless Labourers Uneducated farmers Small Flocks Migratory 7. BLUETONGUE VIRUS RESEARCH Andhra Pradesh SVVU allocated non-plan grants -1990 Established Bluetongue virus research laboratory Standardized the methodologies for isolation, identification and characterization of bluetongue virus Reported BTV-2 first time from native sheep Studied epidemiology of the disease AINP-Bluetongue Isolated BTV 9,10,16,21 from different outbreaks 8. Outbreaks of Bluetongue : Andhra Pradesh (1983-2008)1600 1400 1200 No.of OBRS1000 800 600 400 200 0 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 Year 9. 1 98 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1999 1990 1 199 2 199 1993 4 199 5 199 6 19 9 1997 8 199 9 2 00 0BLUETONGUE IN ANDHRA PRADESH1500 No of OBRSYearRainfall10005000-500 10. 19 8 19 3 8 19 4 8 19 5 8 19 6 8 19 7 8 19 8 8 19 9 9 19 0 9 19 1 9 19 2 9 19 3 9 19 4 9 19 5 9 19 6 9 19 7 9 19 8 9 20 9 0 20 0 0 20 1 0 20 2 0 20 3 0 20 4 0 20 5 0 20 6 0 20 7 08Case fatality rate 45Bluetongue Outbreaks in Andhra Pradesh (1983-2008)4035302520151050-5Year 11. BREED SUSCEPTIBILITY ExoticCorriedale,Merino, Rambouillet Dorset, SuffolkCrossbredsNellore x Dorset Etc.Native sheepNellore, Deccani Etc. 12. AGE SUSCEPTIBILITY Lambs: No clinical signs6-12 months: More susceptibleAdults: Varied susceptibility 13. PATTERN OF BLUETONGUE IN DIFFERENT STATES : INDIA StateMorbidity%Andhra pradeshMortality%Case fatality5 - 371- 92- 223 220-69 321-811- 257- 82-331 - 42[1983-2003]Tamil Nadu---[1986-1991]Maharashtra [1982-1992]Haryana [1985-88] 14. SPECIES SUSCEPTIBILITY Seroconversion :Sheep, Goats, Cattle, Buffalo, ElephantClinical disease :Sheep, Goats 15. Pattern of Bluetongue Morbidity %Mortality Case % fatality rateOrganized farms: 6.20.57.6Rural flocks2.728.8:9.3 16. CLINICAL SIGNS : INDIAN NATVE SHEEP High temperature Mucocutaneous boarders of lips sensitive to touch, bleeds easily Hemorrhages in oral, nasal cavities Lameness Torticollis Recumbence and death Swelling of face and lips- less conspicuous Cyanosis of tongue and Reddening of coronary band- Not evident 17. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 18. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 19. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 20. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 21. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 22. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 23. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 24. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 25. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 26. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 27. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 28. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 29. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BLACK AND WHITE) 30. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE BROWN) 31. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP (NELLORE WHITE) 32. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN NATIVE SHEEP ( DECCANI ) 33. BLUETONGUE IN INDIAN SHEEP ( NELLORE X DORSET ) 34. SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY RajasthanGujarat : 40.47% sheep, 29.35% goats, 30.43% cattle, 30% buffaloes and 23.31% camel Madhya Pradesh : 24.5% goat 20.43% cattle and 19.35% buffalos: 47.13% sheep and 69.36% goatAndhra Pradesh :35.39% sheep, 33.47% goat, 9.09% cattle and 8.25% buffaloes Maharashtra : 36.6% sheep, 38.09% goat, 27.63% cattle and 26.66% buffaloes Karnataka :38.92% sheep, 22.22% goats and 17.96% cattleWest Bengal : 39.56% sheep, 63.84% goat and 32.33% cattle Delhi: :0.56% sheep 15.42% goat Uttar Pradesh : 30.7% sheep, 40.35% goats and 77.75% cattle Uttarakhand : 50% sheep and 25.1% cattle Himachal Pradesh :28.1% sheep and 11.1% goats Punjab : 23.84% cattle 35. Prevalence of BTV antibodies 36. BLUETONGUE VIRUS 37. Bluetongue virus BTV serptypes isolated from different parts of the country: 1, 2, 3, 9, 15, 16, 18, 21,23 Available at virus repository, IVRI, Mukteswar. 38. VECTOR-CULICOIDES South India Culiciodes brevitarsis Culicoides imicola North India Culicoides oxistoma Culicoides monocoli Identified. C.oxystoma, C. clavipalpis, C. actoni, C. anophelis, C. orientalis, C. similis, C.peregrinus, C. schultzei, C. imicola C. Kamrupi. 39. Understanding the virus, Vector and Host interaction is essential to control the diseaseBluetongue virusEnvironmentCulicoides vectorBluetongue DiseaseRuminant hosts 40. Why Bluetongue has become endemic in Southern India ? particularly in Native sheep causing severe economic losses unlike the other countries 41. BLUETONGUE OUTBEAKS Why is Cyclical pattern? What are the competent vectors? Factors- increase and spread of vectors? Availability of vaccines Flock nutrition Parasitic burden Veterinary care 42. CONTROL Effective vaccination Restricting animal movements Insecticide sprays Habitat removal - Vector Satellite based weather forecasting and educating sheep farmers Community Participation 43. THANK YOU