22/6/17

1

Rosalie Daniel rosalie.daniel@dpi.nsw.gov.au

BB13002: MANAGEMENT OF BLUEBERRY RUST

Blueberry rust (in NSW)

Blueberry rust: know your enemy •  What is blueberry rust? •  Where does it come from? •  Where does it survive? •  Using this information to manage rust •  Hygiene and cultural management •  Fungicides and bio-pesticides

Understandinghowandwhenadiseaseoccursiscentraltomanagement

22/6/17

2

Rust on plant tissues

Red-brownlesionsonupperleafsurface

Yellow-orangepustulesonundersideofleaf

Retainedleavesaremainsourceofinoculum

Pustulesonfruit

Epidemiology •  Blueberry rust spore germination and

infection are favoured by: Ø  Prolonged leaf moisture Ø  Temperatures between 15-25oC Ø  Susceptible host tissue

22/6/17

3

Rust is in the air

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

September

October

November

December

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

January

February

March

April

Spores/m3

Tempe

rature(o

C)

Rainfall(m

m)

Rainfall

Temperature

Spores/m3

2013 2014 2016

Sporesaredispersedthroughair(andwatersplash/rain)

Survival

•  25% spores remain viable in leaves after 2 weeks on orchard floor

•  Retained leaves are main means of survival in evergreen system

22/6/17

4

Cultural practices and hygiene •  Avoidance Ø  Clean planting material Ø  Site selection and preparation

•  Controlling environmental conditions Ø  Good drainage, mounding Ø  Pruning, ventilation Ø  Nutrition

•  Tolerant/resistant varieties •  Good orchard hygiene and sanitation

Management •  Monitor for disease symptoms and

conducive weather conditions Ø  Assume rust is present

•  Protect new shoots •  Select and use fungicides appropriately •  Rotate chemicals

22/6/17

5

Disease monitoring: early symptoms

Chemicals (current APVMA permits) Modeofac)on Modeofac)on Chemical

MulHsite,protectant(FRACM)

PreventinfecHon

MancozebChlorothalonilDithianon*Copper*

QoI(FRAC11)

Protectant,translaminar,killgerminaHngspores

Pyraclostrobin(PrisHne)

DMItriazoles(FRAC3)

Translocatedupwardinplant;maylimitpustuledevelopment

Propiconazole(Tilt)Tebuconazole*

SDHI(FRAC7)

Locallysystemic;translaminar;InhibitsporegerminaHon,mycelialgrowthandsporulaHon

Boscalid(PrisHne)

ApplyassoonaspossiblewhenexpecHngmoistcondiHonsROTATECHEMICALGROUPS

22/6/17

6

Fungicide efficacy – new permits

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

AgSil Aminogro Copperhydroxide/MZ

BacillussubClis Mancozeb Chitosan2 Chitosan1

Mean(AUDP

C)

Rotate your chemicals

22/6/17

7

Mixing chemicals and activators

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Seasol

Sulphur

Fishemulsion

Fishhydrolysate

Copper/chitosan

Mancozeb

Copperhydroxide

AUDP

S

Summary and recommendations •  Rust is anywhere, any time •  Use clean planting material •  Remove infected plant material •  Promote good ventilation •  Monitor to detect symptoms early •  Protect young shoots •  Treat early, when wet •  Select chemical(s) appropriately and rotate •  Breed/select for tolerant or resistant plants •  Nursery certification scheme

22/6/17

8

Acknowledgements •  Maurizio Rocchetti, Costa Group - Berry Category •  Mountain Blue Orchards •  Blueberry Fields •  Philip Wilk, Melinda Simpson, David Robertson,

Wollongbar DPI •  Damian Collins, Anna Englezou, Lucas

Shuttleworth, Kelly Scarlett, EMAI, NSW DPI •  Carly Murray CCPIC, NSW DPI •  Australian Blueberry Growers Association •  Horticulture Innovation Australia