SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institution, approved by UGC and Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)

TECHNICAL SEMINARon

(THE FUTURE OF COMPUTERS)

Presented by…Mrinmoy DalalCSE A (13311A0506)

Blue Brain TechnologyTHE “THINKING” COMPUTER

Table of ContentsHuman Brain Functioning Of Human BrainVirtual BrainBlue BrainBlue Brain ProjectBrain SimulationUploading the Human Brain

Objectives of Blue Brain Project and Current Research Work

RequirementsAdvantagesDisadvantagesApplicationsConclusion

HUMAN BRAINThe brain is the most complex part of the human body. This 1500 gm organ is the

seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, initiator of body movement, and controller of behavior.

One can relate the brain to he CPU of a computer. As the computer cannot work without its CPU, similarly the human body cannot function without its brain.

The brain consists of billions and billions of neurons which are responsible for the conduction and transfer of information throughout the body, much like the relation between CPU and motherboard.

FUNCTIONING OF HUMAN BRAIN

FUNCTIONING OF BRAINSensory Input :-

Receiving input such as sound,image, etc. through sensory cell.

Interpretation:-

Interpretation of the received input by the brain by defining states of neurons in the brain.

Motor Output:- Receiving of electric responses from the brain

to perform any action .

THE BIG QUESTION(s)Could a simulated brain start to think, feel and experience the world as if it were an

organic, human brain?

What happens if our brain malfunctions...??

Can we store data of a human brain into memory devices....??

Can we have the benefits of a persons intelligence even after he dies?

Can a person make decisions and attend meetings without being physically or mentally

present there...??

VIRTUAL BRAIN

A machine that can function as brain It can take decision.It can think.It can response.It can keep things in memory.

BLUE BRAIN

Technology is growing faster than everything. If possible, IBM’s “BLUE BRAIN”, an artificial brain that can think, respond, take decision, and keep anything in memory, would be the first virtual brain of the world.

THE BLUE BRAIN PROJECTThe Blue Brain Project is an attempt to reverse engineer the human brain and recreate it at the cellular level inside a computer simulation.

This includes:>> Studying slices of living brain tissue using highly accurate apparatus.

>> Collecting data about different neurons

>> Data collected is used to build biological realistic model

>> This data is then simulated into artificial neuronal network by a supercomputer.

THE BLUE BRAIN PROJECTFounded in May 2005 in Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Laussane or Swiss Federal Institute of Technology located in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Using a Blue Gene supercomputer running Michael Hines's NEURON software, the simulation does not consist simply of an artificial neural network, but involves a biologically realistic model of neurons. It is hoped that it will eventually shed light on the nature of consciousness

HENRY MARKRAMNeuroscientist, EPFL

Director of BLUE BRAIN Project

BRAIN SIMULATIONNATURAL BRAIN STIMULATED BRAIN

INPUT: Through natural neurons INPUT: Through silicon chips or artificial neurons

INTERPRETATION: By different states of the neurons in the brain

INTERPRETATION: By a set of bits in the set of register

OUTPUT: Through the neural neurons OUTPUT: Through the silicon chip

PROCESSING: Through arithmetic and logical calculations

PROESSING: Through arithmetic and logical calculations and artificial intelligence

MEMORY: Through permanent states of neurons.

MEMORY: Through secondary memory

BRAIN STIMULATIONSimulating human brain by reverse engineering & combining biological studies to digital technology using concept of Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

UPLOADING THE BRAINThe uploading is possible by the use of small robots known as the nanobots.These robots are small enough to travel through out our circulatory system.

Traveling into the spine and brain, they will be able to monitor the activity and structure of our central nervous system.

They will be able to provide an interface with computer while we still reside in our biological form

Nanobots could also carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing a complete readout of the connection.

This information, when entered into a computer, could then continue to function as us.

Thus the data stored in the entire brain will be uploaded into the computer.

OBJECTIVES OF BLUE BRAIN PROJECT

IBM’s blue brain project will search for insights into how human beings think and

remember.

Scientists think that blue brain could also help to cure the Parkinson's disease.

The brain circuitry is in a complex state of flux, the brain rewiring itself every

moment of its existence. If the scientists can crack open the secret of how and why

the brain does it, the knowledge could lead to new breed of supercomputers.

CURRENT RESEARCH WORK

IBM developing the “Blue brain” .

IBM, in partnership with scientists at Switzerland’s Ecole Polytechnique Federal De Lausanne’s (EPFL) Brain and Mind Institute will begin simulating the brain’s biological systems.

REQUIREMENTS A Super computer.

Memory with a very large storing capacity.

Processor with a very high processing power.

A very wide network.

A program to convert the electric impulses from the brain to input signal, which is to be received by the computer and vice versa.

Very powerful Nanobots to act as the interface between the natural brain and the computer.

ADVANTAGES We can remember things without any effort. Decision can be made without the presence of a person. Even after the death of a man his intelligence can be used. Improvements in processing speed and memory could

make entire human brain simulated. The activity of different animals can be understood. Help deaf and mad people

DISADVANTAGESWe become dependent upon the computer

systems.Others may use technical knowledge against us.Computer viruses will pose an increasingly

critical threat.Possibilities of human cloning.If in future surrogates to humans are developed

then, there will be no human interaction and the world will run on computers only.

(Cloning of this guy, bad idea)

APPLICATIONS Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data

Cracking the Neural Code

A Foundation for Molecular Modeling of Brain Function

Understanding Neocortical Information Processing

A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for Brain Disorders

A Global Facility

A Foundation for Whole Brain Simulations

CONCLUSIONVery soon this technology will be highly accepted whole over the world but wisdom lies in right use.

“Technology does not create Brain but Brain creates Technology”

We will be able to transfer ourselves into computers at some point & this is just the beginning……..!

REFERENCEShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Gene

http://www.artificialbrains.com/blue-brain-project#data

http://technology-report.com/category/artificial-intelligence/blue-brain-artificial-intelligence/

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=brain-project-neuron-to-whole-brain