Blood System

Blood VesselsBlood VesselsThree major types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries,

and veins.

Arteries (arteri/o) large blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood away

from the heart to the body, arterial blood is bright red Aorta is the main part of arterial system, begins in the

left ventricle Coronary arteries (coron/o) supplies

the heart with blood. Arterioles are thinner branches, carry

blood to capillaries http://plus.maths.org/issue36/interview/artery.jpg

Blood Vessels Cont’dCapillaries (capill/o)

Blood vessels that connect arteries and veins to each other

Smallest vessels in the body Blood flow is slower through capillaries; allows time for

exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between surrounding cells and fluids

Veins (phleb/o, ven/o)

Responsible for carrying waste-filled blood back to heart Veins have valves that allow for one-way blood flow

toward the heart Venules are small veins that join to form larger veins

Pulse & Blood Pressure Pulse – expansion and contraction of an artery

caused by the pressure of the blood moving through the artery

Blood Pressure – measures the amount of pressure applied against the walls of the vessels

Example – 124/72 Systolic Pressure – the upper number of a

blood pressure reading (124 / __ ) Diastolic Pressure – the lower number of

a blood pressure reading ( __ / 72)

http://www.stockphotography.com/img/medical/stock_photos/blood_pressure_cuff.jpg

BloodThe Blood (Hem/o or hemat/o) Blood is composed of 55% liquid plasma and 45%

formed elements. Formed elements are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Plasma Liquid part of blood; contains

nutrients, wastes and hormones 91% water, 9% proteins http://www.bloodservices.ca/centreapps/internet/uw_v502_mainengine.nsf/resources/Blood+Process/$file/

Step6_150.jpg

Fibrinogen & prothrombin are clotting proteins to help blood clot and control bleeding

ErythrocytesErythrocytes (erythr/o = red + -cyte = cell) Also called red blood cells (RBC’s) Contains hemoglobin (hem/o = blood + -globin =

protein) which is iron containing portion of erythrocyte

Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body

Live about 120 days

LeukocytesLeukocytes (leuk/o = white + -cyte = cell) Also called white blood cells (WBC’s) Protect body against infection

There are five types of leukocytes: Neutrophils – majority of WBC’s, fight infection by

phagocytosis (engulfing & swallowing germs). Elevated count indicates a bacterial infection (strep, staph, etc..)

Basophils – promote inflammatory response, elevated basophil count may indicate an allergic condition (ex. -allergic reaction, asthma, etc…)

Leukocytes Cont’d. Types of Leukocytes cont’d.

Eosinophils – formed in red bone marrow, increase in response to allergic conditions (ex - allergic reaction, asthma, etc…)

Lymphocytes – formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen; protect body against disease

Monocytes – Also formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen. Help protect against disease, an elevated count usually indicates a chronic (long-term) condition

http://www.lymphomation.org/images/leukocytes-normal.gif

ThrombocytesThrombocytes (thromb/o = clot + -cyte = cell)

Also known as platelets Smallest formed elements in the blood When blood vessel is damaged, platelets

become sticky and clump together to form a clot

http://sacs.vetmed.ufl.edu/histo/29b_sm.gif

Anatomy Sheet

Take out the “Anatomy of the Heart” handout

Fill in the blanks using the diagram on the next slide

Color the arteries blueColor the veins redTHIS IS YOUR TICKET TO LEAVE!!!!!!

Blood Flow Through the Heart

A.The superior vena cava drains

deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, and arms.

The inferior vena cava drains deoxygenated blood from the abdomen and the legs into the right atrium.

The coronary sinus drains deoxygenated blood from the myocardium into the right atrium.

Blood Flow Through the Heart

B. From the right atrium, deoxygenated blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

C. From the right ventricle, deoxygenated blood flows through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk.

D. The pulmonary trunk branches to form the right and left pulmonary arteries, which take deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange. Carbon dioxide is released from the blood while oxygen is picked up by the blood.

Blood Flow Through the Heart

E. Oxygenated blood returns through the right and left pulmonary veins into the left atrium.

F. From the left atrium, oxygenated blood flows through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle.

G. From the left ventricle, oxygenated blood flows through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta.

Blood Flow Through the Heart

H. From the aorta, oxygenated blood flows into the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, eventually reaching the superior and inferior vena cava once again.

I. The body’s entire blood supply is circulated every minute

Pattern of Circulation

RED = O2 rich

BLUE =O2 poor

Blood System Abbreviations

P – pulseBP – blood pressureRBC – red blood cellsWBC – white blood cells

Career Opportunities Hematologist (hemat/o = blood + -ologist = specialist)

specializes and treats disorders of the blood

Phlebotomist Takes patient blood samples and prepares

them for testing in the lab

http://healthcare.maricopa.edu/images/PHLEB.jpg

Medical Laboratory Technologist (MT) Works under the supervision of pathologist to study tissues, fluids,

and cells in the human body

Medical Laboratory Assistant Prepares specimens for testing and helps clean and maintain

laboratory equipment.