BLOOD &BLOOD

PRODUCTS

Dr. Murali . U. M.S; M.B.A

Prof. of Surgery

Objectives

• Properties

• Functions

• Blood Products

Blood

• Blood is considered as River of life, Fluid of life, growth & health

• Average human has 5 litres of blood i.e, 8% of total body weight

• It is a transporting fluid

• It carries vital substances to all parts of the body

Properties Of Blood

• Colour range

• - Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red bright crimson

• - Oxygen-poor blood is purple red.

• Red colour comes from the several million red cells, present in it

• pH must remain between 7.35–7.45

• Temp 38˚ c or 100.4˚ F

Properties Of Blood

• Blood is 5 times more viscous than water.

• Blood is a specialized type of connective tissue in which living blood cells, (formed elements), are suspended in a non living fluid matrix called plasma.

• Cellular Part (Formed Elements)

• Non cellular part (Plasma)

6blood and blood transfusions

Functions Of Blood

Blood performs a number of functions

• Distribution

• Regulation

• Protection

Distribution Functions

Nutritive

Respiratory

Excretory

Transport

Regulation Functions

Maintanence

Buffering

Protection Functions

Preventing blood loss

Defensive function 8

9blood and blood transfusions

Blood Products

• Components of the blood

which are collected from

a donor for use in blood

transfusion.

Blood Products

Red Cell Concentrates

Platelet Concentrates

Granulocyte Concentrate

Fresh Frozen plasma

Cryoprecipitate

Cryo poor plasma

Stored plasma

Albumin

Immunoglobulin

Coagulation Factors

Plasma Derivatives

Plasma Components

Cellular Components

Blood

Whole Blood

Fresh Whole Blood

Whole Blood

Packed Red Blood Cells Platelet Rich Plasma

Slow Centrifugation

High Speed Centrifugation

1 Unit of Random Donor

Platelets1 Unit of Fresh Frozen Plasma

Cryoprecipitate

Thawing precipitates the

plasma proteins

BLOOD COMPONENTS

Whole Blood

• Whole blood = Donor blood + Anticoagulant

• 1 Unit - 450ml

• Anticoagulant (CPDS)

• Rich - coagulation factors

• Hct - 45%

• Stored at 2 - 6 ˚c

• Shelf life - 35 days

Whole Blood

• Acute blood loss with hypovolaemia

• Exchange transfusion

- severe anaemia at birth

- severe hyperbilirubinaemia

• Massive transfusion

• Cardiovascular bypass surgery

Indications

Fresh Whole Blood

Packed Red Cells

Light spin, 22oC(within 8 hrs)

Platelet Rich Plasma

Platelet Concentrate Fresh Plasma

Store at 22oC Freeze(FFP)

Heavy spin,22oC

Red Cell Concentrate

• Also called Packed Red Cells

• Platelets and plasma are removed

• I Unit - 330ml

• Hct – 65 - 75%

• Shelf life - 35 days

• Stored at 2 - 4 ˚c

Red Cell Concentrate

• Anaemia

• Thalassemia

• Sickle cell disease

Indications

Fresh Frozen Plasma

• Removed – Fresh blood & Rapidly Frozen

• 1 Unit – 200 - 250ml

• Contains all coagulant factors

• Stored at - 40 to - 50˚c

• Shelf life – 2 years

Fresh Frozen Plasma

• Single clotting factor deficiency

• Multiple clotting factors deficiencies-

DIC

• Massive transfusions

• Warfarin overdose

• Haemorrhagic disease of neonates

• TTP

Indications

Thaw at 4oC & heavy spin

Fresh Frozen Plasma

Cryoprecipitate

-Refrozen within 1 hr

-Store at < - 18oC

Cryoremoved Plasma

Freeze -80oC immediately

Stored at < -18oC

Cryoprecipitate

• Fresh frozen plasma thawed at 4°C

• Rich in – F – VIII & Fibrinogen

• I unit = 15 - 20ml

• Stored at -30°C

• Shelf life – 2 years

Cryoprecipitate

• Hemophilia A

• Von Willebrand’s disease

• FXIII or fibrinogen deficiency

Indications

Platelets Concentrate

• Platelet rich plasma – Cent.

• Stored at – 20 to 24 ˚c

• Shelf life – 5 days

• I unit = 15 - 20ml

• Uses =

Thrombocytopenia

Drug induced Hge

Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC)

• Derived from pooled plasma

• Contains – F – II / IX / & X

• Emergency reversal of warfarin therapy

Autologous Blood

• Collection / infusion of client’s own blood

• Can be collected weekly as long as client’s

H & H are within safe range

• Upto 3 weeks before surgery

• Hct - 45%

• Stored at 2 - 6 ˚c

• Shelf life - 35 days

1. Shelf life of Packed Red cells - ?

• A 5 days

• B 5 weeks

• C 5 months

•

• D 5 years

2. Which of the following can be used in Inherited

defeciency of Factor VIII / Factor XIII ?

• A Fresh frozen plasma

•

• B Platelet concentrate

• C Cryoprecipitate

• D Packed cells

3. All of the following are plasma derivatives

except -

• A Albumin

• B Immunoglobin

• C Coagulation factors

• D Stored plasma

4. In Autologous blood transfusion, the blood

can be withdrawn upto - weeks before

surgery ?

• A 2 weeks

•

• B 3 weeks

• C 4 weeks

• D 5 weeks

5. Patients on Aspirin who are actively bleeding

& undergoing major surgery may require - ?

• A Prothrombin concentrate

• B Packed red cells

• C Plasma – Fresh

• D Platelet concentrate

T

H

A

N

X

THANX