Blood lab

Blood composition

• Plasma – fluid, gives volume contains antibodies

• Platelets – helps in clotting of blood

• White blood cells – used in defense against foreign invaders

• Red blood cells – carry oxygen

Blood after it has been centrifuged

Blood Genetics

• In blood type genetics*, there are:

____________ genes OR alleles that

Produce ____________ blood proteins that

Result in ____________ blood types that

Establish ____________ genotypes

*See wkst #4

TERMS TO KNOW

• Protein- antigen (ag) or agglutinogens

• Antibodies- agglutinin- fight against foreign particles

• Coagulation: Blood clotting

• Agglutination: Blood clumping

• RBC = Red blood Cell

RBC Has Antigens

Blood Groups Are Based On RBC Antigens (Ag)

Rh+ Antigen

‘A’ Ag

Blood Groups: B+ and B-

Rh+ Antigen

‘B’ Ag

Blood Groups: AB+ and AB-

Rh+ Antigen

‘B’ Ag

‘A’ Ag

Blood Groups: O+ and O-

Rh+ Antigen

Plasma Has Antibodies

http://www.lrc.arizona.edu/courses/mmiweb/lake/immunology_modules/hemagglutination/hema2.html

Remember RBC Has Antigens

Antibodies Can Bind To Antigens

Clumping of Blood

Possible Genotypes: AA AO BB BO AB OO

RBC Antigen (Agglutinogen)

A B AB None

Plasma Antibodies(Agglutininins)

Anti – B Anti – A None both

Reaction with Anti – A YES

Reaction with Anti – B YESNO

NO NO

NO

YES

YES

DONOR

RECIPIENTRECIPIENTType A

(anti B)

Type B

(anti A)

Type AB

(none)

Type 0

(anti A & Anti B)

A

B

AB

O

Rh FactorBlood Type

Positive Negative

Genotype(s)

Antigens (yes or no)

Agglutinins (antibodies)

Moms that have Rh negative blood will have antibodies/ fight against a baby with the Rh protein (positive).

1st Baby Is Rh + ; Mom is Rh -

Baby’s blood enters mom’s blood, transferring Rh+ Antigens to mom

1st Baby Is Rh +; Mom Is Rh -

Mom Makes Antibodies against Rh+ Antigens In Her Blood

2nd Baby Is Also Rh +

Mom’s Antibodies Attack The RBC’s In The 2nd Baby

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Anti Rh + Antibodies (Rhogam)

Rhogam Destroys Rh + Antibodies In Mom

1st Baby Is Rh +Rhogam prevents Mom From Making Antibodies against Rh+ Antigens

2nd Baby Is Also Rh +

With Rhogam, Mom’s Blood Does Not Attack The RBC’s In The 2nd Baby

Jaundice in Infants

• Complications Due to ABO Incompatibility Are Rare!

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/aniblood.htm

RXN NORXN