Blood PhysiologyLecture -4

White Blood Cells –cont

Professor A.M.A Abdel GaderMD, PhD, FRCP (Lond., Edin), FRSH (London)

Professor of Physiology, College of Medicine &The Blood Bank, King Khalid University Hospital

King Saud UniversityRiyadh

Blood Film

At the end of this lecture the student should be able to:1.Describe monocyte formation and function2.Describe the reticuloendothelial system components and function3.Describe lymphocyte formation4.Describe the functions of the diffrerent types of lymphocytes5.Recognize leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia

White Blood Cells –cont- Agranulocytes – Objectives of the lecture:

White Blood Cells –cont

Agranulocytes

Contents:•Monocyte formation, maturation and function•Reticulendothelial system components and function•Lymphocyte formation and function•Leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia

Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.

• Types of WBC

1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes 5.3%

• 15-20um, kidney shape nucleus

– Lymphocyte 30%

Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.

• Types of WBC

1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte 30%

Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.

• Types of WBC

1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte

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Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.

• Types of WBC

1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte

Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.

• Types of WBC

1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte

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Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.

• Types of WBC

1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte

Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.

• Types of WBC

1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte

Defensive Functions of the Monocytes

• Directly: –phygocytosis of bacteria, dead cells

etc

• Indirectly:– Cooperates with lymphocytes by:

• Recognizing the foreign body • Ingesting the foreign body • Processing the foreign body• Presenting it to lymphocytes

Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.

• Types of WBC

1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte

Leucocytes (WBCs) – cont.

• Types of WBC

1. Granular WBC: • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils

2. Agranular WBC– Monocytes – Lymphocyte

Hemopoiesis

(17.9)

Lymphocytes – cont.

LymphopoiesisStem cell

(thymus, lymphoid tissue & bone marrow)

lymphoblast

intermediate pyronophilic blast cells

lymphocytes

Immunity -- Types

Acquired immunity:

• Basic types of acquired immunity:

Humoral immunity(B-cell immunity)

B-LYMPHOCYTESAntibodies

Cell-mediated immunity(T-cell immunity)

Activated T-LYMPHOCYTES

Initiated by antigens

The bases of Acquired Immunity

are Lymphocytes

Immune cells

Two types:

– B-Lymphocytes(Thymus independent, B-lymphocytes)

Produce antibodies (Humoral Immunity)

2. T- lymphocytes (Thymus dependent, T-lymphocytes)

Cellular mechanisms (Cellular Immunity)

• Defence of the body against infections and foreign invadors

Functions of Leucocytes- WBCSummary

Neutrophils & monocytes (Blood macrophages)- Phgaocytosist/ + Immunity

Macrophage (RES) system … Phagocytosis + Immunity

Lymphcytes ….. IMMUNITY

White Blood Cells –cont

Agranulocytes

Contents:•Monocyte formation, maturation and function•Reticulendothelial system components and function•Lymphocyte formation and function•Leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia

Leucocytosis(Increased WBC Count)

Causes:• Physiological

–Diurnal: morning evening –After physical exercise–Stress or Adrenaline injection

• Disease (pathological)–Bacterial infections (tonsillitis,

appendicitis–Worms infestations

Leucopenia(Decreased WBC Count)

Causes:–Malnutrition–Typhoid fever–Depressed bone marrow–Deficiency of Vit B12 or folic

acid

The Macrophage system Reticulo-endothelial System

(RES)

Reticuloendothelial System-RES

• RES is widespread in the body

Cells of the RES:– Monocytes (blood macrophages)– Mobile and fixed tissue Macrophages – Endothelial cells in bone marrow, lymph

nodes and spleen– Reticular cells of lymph nodes spleen &

bone marrow.

Reticuloendothelial System-RES

Cells of the RES - Distribution:

• Tissue Macrophages in skin SC tissues

• Tisssue Macrophages of lymph nodes• Tissue macrophages in lungs• Macrphages (kupffer cells) in the

liver• Macrphages in the spleen and

bone marrow

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Functions of Reticuloendothelial system

1. Phagocytosis: Bacterial, dead cells, foreign particles

2. Breakdown of Hb3. Immune function: processing

antigen and antibodies production (indirect)

4. Storage of iron

Dr Sitelbanat

At the end of of this lecture the student should be able to:1.Describe monocyte formation and function2.Describe the reticuloendothelial system components and function3.Describe lymphocyte formation4.Describe the functions of the diffrerent types of lymphocytes5.Recognize leucocytosis, leucopenia and leukaemia

White Blood Cells –cont- Agranulocytes – Objectives of the lecture:

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