Blood-Borne PathogensBlood-Borne PathogensAs Athletic Trainers, our primary

concern is the health of our athletes

We also must be concerned for our own safety!

As Athletic Trainers, our primary concern is the health of our athletes

We also must be concerned for our own safety!

Blood-Borne PathogensBlood-Borne Pathogens

In 1992 OSHA issued new regulations regarding health care workers and the handling of bloodborne pathogens.

Of most concern:

• Hepatitis B & C – which are much easier to transfer to one another than the HIV virus.– Especially in the athletic setting

In 1992 OSHA issued new regulations regarding health care workers and the handling of bloodborne pathogens.

Of most concern:

• Hepatitis B & C – which are much easier to transfer to one another than the HIV virus.– Especially in the athletic setting

Blood-Borne PathogensBlood-Borne Pathogens

Hepatitis B & C are of special concern to the ATC since they come in contact with blood on a daily basis.

Contamination – the process of infectionContamination – the process of infectionIt is possible that the athlete we are trying It is possible that the athlete we are trying

to help may infect us & this to help may infect us & this contamination is potentially lethal!contamination is potentially lethal!

Hepatitis B & C are of special concern to the ATC since they come in contact with blood on a daily basis.

Contamination – the process of infectionContamination – the process of infectionIt is possible that the athlete we are trying It is possible that the athlete we are trying

to help may infect us & this to help may infect us & this contamination is potentially lethal!contamination is potentially lethal!

Blood-Borne PathogensBlood-Borne Pathogens

Transmission of DiseaseTransmission of Disease – methods where disease can be transferred from one individual to another

Bloodborne PathogensBloodborne Pathogens – those micro-organisms that are carried in the blood throughout the body.

Transmission of DiseaseTransmission of Disease – methods where disease can be transferred from one individual to another

Bloodborne PathogensBloodborne Pathogens – those micro-organisms that are carried in the blood throughout the body.

Blood-Borne PathogensBlood-Borne Pathogens

OSHA provides basic guidelines for the health care professional .

ATC should always know & practice proper preventative measures – Universal

Precautions

Latex Gloves provide a suitable barrier for ATC’s

OSHA provides basic guidelines for the health care professional .

ATC should always know & practice proper preventative measures – Universal

Precautions

Latex Gloves provide a suitable barrier for ATC’s

Blood-Borne PathogensBlood-Borne Pathogens

Allergic Reaction to Latex:

• Mild itching sensation

• Redness & swelling of affected parts

• Impaired breathing & need for advanced medical care.

Allergic Reaction to Latex:

• Mild itching sensation

• Redness & swelling of affected parts

• Impaired breathing & need for advanced medical care.

Types of Exposure / ProtectionTypes of Exposure / Protection

• Treating a bloody wound

• Serum fluid in blisters / vomit

• Bloody saliva

• Treating a bloody wound

• Serum fluid in blisters / vomit

• Bloody saliva

Types of Exposure / ProtectionTypes of Exposure / ProtectionPrecautions:Precautions:• Wear latex gloves when working with exposed

fluids.– For your protection & the protection of the athlete

• After use, the gloves & all contaminated materials should be disposed of properly in a biohazard infectious container.

• Cleaning of the contaminated areas– Use bleach (1 oz to 10 oz of water) / commercial

product

Precautions:Precautions:• Wear latex gloves when working with exposed

fluids.– For your protection & the protection of the athlete

• After use, the gloves & all contaminated materials should be disposed of properly in a biohazard infectious container.

• Cleaning of the contaminated areas– Use bleach (1 oz to 10 oz of water) / commercial

product

National High School Federation RulesNational High School Federation Rules

9 Points:

1. Stop bleeding & remove blood from uniforms

2. Use precautions when handling bodily fluids

3. Wash body surfaces exposed to bodily fluids

9 Points:

1. Stop bleeding & remove blood from uniforms

2. Use precautions when handling bodily fluids

3. Wash body surfaces exposed to bodily fluids

National High School Federation RulesNational High School Federation Rules

4. Clean all surfaces & equipment before resuming play

5. Rinse area thoroughly6. Use artificial ventilation devices when

performing CPR7. All soiled materials, including gloves,

should be placed in a biohazard bag / container

4. Clean all surfaces & equipment before resuming play

5. Rinse area thoroughly6. Use artificial ventilation devices when

performing CPR7. All soiled materials, including gloves,

should be placed in a biohazard bag / container

National High School Federation RulesNational High School Federation Rules

8. Proper cleaning and/or disposal of blood soaked towels

9. Follow accepted guidelines for controlling bleeding.

Standard PrecautionStandard Precaution – guidelines established for the prevention of the spread of infectious materials.

8. Proper cleaning and/or disposal of blood soaked towels

9. Follow accepted guidelines for controlling bleeding.

Standard PrecautionStandard Precaution – guidelines established for the prevention of the spread of infectious materials.

Classification & Management of Wounds

Classification & Management of Wounds

Wound Management Kit:

• Disposable Gloves• Sterile Water• Anti-bacterial soap• Sterile Gauze

Wound Management Kit:

• Disposable Gloves• Sterile Water• Anti-bacterial soap• Sterile Gauze

• Sterile Dressing/Bandages

• Antibiotic ointment• Bio-hazard bag (s)

• Sterile Dressing/Bandages

• Antibiotic ointment• Bio-hazard bag (s)

Classification & Management of Wounds

Classification & Management of Wounds

Look for signs of infection:

• Pain

• Swelling Redness

• Heat

• Loss of function

• Fever

• Puss Formation

Look for signs of infection:

• Pain

• Swelling Redness

• Heat

• Loss of function

• Fever

• Puss Formation

Management of WoundsManagement of Wounds

AbrasionsOuter layers of skin are damaged from being

scraped on a hard surface.• Using sterile gauze, cleanse affected area

with soap & water to scrub particles out of wound.

• Apply anti-bacterial ointment.• Cover with dressing

AbrasionsOuter layers of skin are damaged from being

scraped on a hard surface.• Using sterile gauze, cleanse affected area

with soap & water to scrub particles out of wound.

• Apply anti-bacterial ointment.• Cover with dressing

Management of WoundsManagement of WoundsAvulsionsA forcible separation or tearing of tissue from the

body in which bleeding occurs immediately. • Apply direct pressure with sterile gauze• Elevate affected area, watch for severe bleeding• Transport to a physician/ER• Wrap avulsed body part in a sterile gauze

pad/place in a plastic container with sterile water & ice.

AvulsionsA forcible separation or tearing of tissue from the

body in which bleeding occurs immediately. • Apply direct pressure with sterile gauze• Elevate affected area, watch for severe bleeding• Transport to a physician/ER• Wrap avulsed body part in a sterile gauze

pad/place in a plastic container with sterile water & ice.

Management of WoundsManagement of WoundsIncisionA wound with smooth sides/edges caused by

a sharp object, such as glass or metal. Potential damage to anatomical structures, severe bleeding can exist.

• Cleans area with soap & water to scrub particles out of the wound.

• Apply sterile gauze & direct pressure, elevate, watch for severe bleeding, and transport to a physician/ER.

IncisionA wound with smooth sides/edges caused by

a sharp object, such as glass or metal. Potential damage to anatomical structures, severe bleeding can exist.

• Cleans area with soap & water to scrub particles out of the wound.

• Apply sterile gauze & direct pressure, elevate, watch for severe bleeding, and transport to a physician/ER.

Management of WoundsManagement of Wounds

Laceration

A jagged, irregular tear in the soft tissues.

• Care Same as Laceration.

Laceration

A jagged, irregular tear in the soft tissues.

• Care Same as Laceration.

Management of WoundsManagement of WoundsPunctureA small hole in the tissues produced by an

object (like a nail) piercing the skin layers. External bleeding is limited, however internal damage to organs may cause bleeding.

• Cleaning Ditto – Refer Tetanus Booster?

PunctureA small hole in the tissues produced by an

object (like a nail) piercing the skin layers. External bleeding is limited, however internal damage to organs may cause bleeding.

• Cleaning Ditto – Refer Tetanus Booster?

Management of WoundsManagement of Wounds

Blisters

Develops with friction to an area of the body, typically the foot or hand. Fluid accumulates under the skin and this is the body’s attempt to reduce friction to the area.

• Can also accumulate blood, if blood vessels are broken. Called Blood BlistersBlood Blisters

Blisters

Develops with friction to an area of the body, typically the foot or hand. Fluid accumulates under the skin and this is the body’s attempt to reduce friction to the area.

• Can also accumulate blood, if blood vessels are broken. Called Blood BlistersBlood Blisters

Management of WoundsManagement of WoundsBlister Management

• Depends on whether the blister is intact.

2 ways to manage:

1. Protect the area with a pad & allow the fluid to re-absorb into the body.

– Reduces the chance of infection

2. “open the blister”, draining the fluid & then protecting it from infection & getting bigger.

Blister Management

• Depends on whether the blister is intact.

2 ways to manage:

1. Protect the area with a pad & allow the fluid to re-absorb into the body.

– Reduces the chance of infection

2. “open the blister”, draining the fluid & then protecting it from infection & getting bigger.

Management of WoundsManagement of WoundsBlister Management

• If the blister has ripped open the standard treatment is to remove as much of the dead skin as possible, apply anti-bacteria ointment to the area, & protect with a pad.

Blister Management

• If the blister has ripped open the standard treatment is to remove as much of the dead skin as possible, apply anti-bacteria ointment to the area, & protect with a pad.

Management of WoundsManagement of Wounds

CallusesFormed over a period of time, typically on the

foot or hand, where bone is right under the skin.

• Happens as a defense mechanism of the body to toughen the skin.

• Calluses can be beneficial but excessive formation is counter productive.

CallusesFormed over a period of time, typically on the

foot or hand, where bone is right under the skin.

• Happens as a defense mechanism of the body to toughen the skin.

• Calluses can be beneficial but excessive formation is counter productive.

Management of WoundsManagement of WoundsCallus Management

• Standard treatment is to remove daily “some” skin with a callus remover/sandpaper.– Follow by applying skin softener

• Do Not Remove Too Much on 1 Day

• Never Use a Knife.

Callus Management

• Standard treatment is to remove daily “some” skin with a callus remover/sandpaper.– Follow by applying skin softener

• Do Not Remove Too Much on 1 Day

• Never Use a Knife.

Management of WoundsManagement of Wounds

Steri-Strip ApplicationThis product is applied over the wound to

close the wound, it will reduce the amount of scarring and speed up the healing process. \

Can also be used as temporary wound care management until athlete is transported to a medical facility.

Steri-Strip ApplicationThis product is applied over the wound to

close the wound, it will reduce the amount of scarring and speed up the healing process. \

Can also be used as temporary wound care management until athlete is transported to a medical facility.