Historical Aspect of Blood Banking

Blood> mysterious fascination > traditional: living force of the body > Ancient Egyptians bathed in blood to resuscitate the sick and rejuvenate the incapacitated > Ancient Rome (aristocrats) drank it for rejuvenation and disease treatment > Author / Playwrights used as themes > Modern Man transfusion / transfuses it

1492 1st transfusion to POPE INNOCENT VII, but died

1615 blood transfusion advocate by ADREAS LIBAVIUS direct transfusion

1665 direct blood transfusion in dogs by RICHARD LOWER from vein to artery (silver cannulate)

1667 JEAN DENIS physician to LOUS XIV transfused a small amount of blood from young lamb to young man

1795 DR. PHILIP SYNG, a physician of Philadelphia 1818 JAMES BLUNDELL combat fetal hemorrhage English Obstetrician

Problem :

CLOTTING OF BLOOD

1869 BRAXTON HICKS recommended sodium phosphate

1901 KARL LANDSTEINER discovered the ABO blood groups and explain serious reactions to incompatible transfusion

EDWARD LINDERMANN 1st to succeed vein to vein transfusion UNGER designed syringe value apparatus1914 HUSTIN sodium citrate and glucose as a diluent and anticoagulant solution for transfusion 1915 - RICHARD LEWISOHN determine the minimum amount of anticoagulant and demonstration of non-toxicity on small amount of Sodium Citrate 1916 FRANCES PEYTON ROUS and JR TURNER introduce citrate dextrose solution for blood preservation note: established in Britain during WWI

RICHARD WEIL - demonstrate the feasibility of refrigerated storage of anticoagulated blood

WWII increase demand of blood and plasma CHARLES R. DREW develop improve technique for blood storage and preservation - develop large scale Blood Bank in WWII Feb. 1941 - appointed as director of American Red Cross Blood Bank at Presbyterian Hospital1943 J.F. LOUTIT and PATRICK L. MOLLISON of ENGLAND introduced ACD (acid Citrate Dextrose) 1947 blood banks were built

During the WAR> Oswald Robertson Medical Reserve and Army officer estab. BB > Univ. of Luoisville create BB > Mid 1930's - Soviet Union set up 60 large blood centers and more than 500 subsidiary ones storing canned blood and shipping it to all corners of the country. > 1937 Bernard Fantus, director of therapuetics at the Cork Country Hosp. In Chicago estab. 1st Hosp. BB in the US > 1939 - Philip Levine and R.E. Stetson discovered Rh system > 1940 - Willem Johon Kolff organized the 1st BB in Europe

1957 GIBSON introduced CPD (Citrate Phosphate Dextrose) was less acidic than ACD

1979 - CPDA -1 was introduced - new solution was added : Adenine ----- keep blood for 42 days1980 Carl Walter and W. P. Murphy, introduced the plastic bag collection

Massive blood transfusionProblem

Cardiac Overload

Solution

COMPONENT THERAPY

To the man with insight, it is all clear; to the well-informed, it is all plain.Proverbs 8:9