bird orders

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تصنيف الطيور رتب الطيورBIRDS TAXONOMY BIRDS ORDERS أ. د. خالد حامد حسنية الزراعة كل جامعة ديالى الحيوانية قسم الثروة2012 Diyala University College of Agriculture Department of Animal Resources Poultry Breeding Prof. Dr.Khalid Hamid Hassan

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رتب الطيور –تصنيف الطيور BIRDS TAXONOMY – BIRDS ORDERS

خالد حامد حسن .د.أ

جامعة ديالى –كلية الزراعة

قسم الثروة الحيوانية

2012

Diyala UniversityCollege of AgricultureDepartment of Animal Resources

Poultry Breeding

Prof. Dr.Khalid Hamid

Hassan

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Bird Classification

• 28 orders

• 9600 species

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Struthioniformes

• Large flightless bird

• Two toes

Comparison of a kiwi, ostrich,

and Dinornis, each with its egg

ostrich

Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum—hence the name from the Latin ratis (for raft). Without

this to anchor their wing muscles, they could not fly even if they were to develop suitable wings.

Southern Brown Kiwi, Apteryx australis

Kiwi at around the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are by far the smallest living ratites and lay the largest egg in relation to

their body size of any species of bird in the world

The kiwi is a national symbol of New Zealand

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Order Pelecaniformes

• Gular sac

Back toe is connected to front toes by webbing.

Order Pelecanidae.

Dalmatian pelican

Pelecanus crispus

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Ciconiiformes

• Long legs for wading

• Long necks

the order Ciconiiformes has included a variety of large, long-legged wading birds

with large bills: storks, herons, egrets, ibises, spoonbills, and several others.

Ciconiiformes are known from the Late Eocene. At present the only family retained

in the order is the storks, Ciconiidae.

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Order Anseriformes

• Flat bill

• Webbed feet

The order Anseriformes contains about 150 living species of birds in three extant

families: the Anhimidae (the screamers), Anseranatidae (the Magpie Goose), and

the Anatidae, which includes over 140 species of waterfowl, among them the

ducks, geese, and swans.

Magpie Goose

(Anseranas semipalmata)

Crested Screamer

(Chauna torquata)

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Order Falconiformes

• Hooked bill

• Talons

• Eagle

• Hawk

• Falcon

The order Falconiformes is a group of about 290 species of birds that comprises

the diurnal birds of prey.

Falconiformes have strong legs and feet with raptorial claws and an opposable hind

claw. Almost all Falconiformes are carnivorous, hunting by sight during the day or at

twilight. They are exceptionally long-lived, and most have low reproductive rates.

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Order Passeriformes

• Perching foot

• Songbirds

• 5000 species

• Mocking bird

• Thrushes

• Swallows

• Magpie

• Crow

• Starling

• Jays

A passerine is a bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of

all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as

songbirds, the passerines form one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate

orders: with over 5,000 identified species,

Striated Pardalote (Pardalotus striatus)

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Order Columbiformes

• Short neck

• Short legs

• Pigeons

• Doves

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks, and have short

slender bills with a fleshy cere. The species commonly referred to just as "pigeon"

pigeons and doves exhibit considerable variations in size. The largest species

is the crowned pigeon of New Guinea, which is nearly turkey-sized, at a weight

of 2-4 kg (4.4-8.8 lb)

crowned pigeon

The Common Ground Dove

is among the smallest

species in the family.

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Strigiformes

• Large eyes

• Silent flight

• Nocturnal

predator

• Owls

the order Strigiformes, constituting 200 extant

bird of prey species. Most are solitary and

nocturnal, with some exceptions (e.g., the

Northern Hawk Owl). Owls hunt mostly small

mammals, insects, and other birds

Most owls share an innate ability to fly almost

silently and also more slowly in comparison to

other birds of prey.

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Order Apodiformes

• Small bird

• Rapid wingbeat

• Hummingbirds

order Apodiformes contained three living

families: the swifts (Apodidae), the tree swifts

(Hemiprocnidae), and the hummingbirds

(Trochilidae).

With nearly 450 species identified to date,

they are the most diverse order of birds after

the passerines.

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Galliformes

• Chicken like

• Strong beaks

• Heavy feet

• Chicken

• Turkey

• Pheasants

• Quail

Galliformes are an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds,

containing turkey, grouse, chicken, New and Old World quail,

ptarmigan, partridge, pheasant, and the Cracidae. Common

names are gamefowl or gamebirds, landfowl, gallinaceous

birds or galliforms.

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This group has about 290 species, one or more of which are found in essentially

every part of the world's continents

This order contains five families: Phasianidae (including chicken, quail,

partridges, pheasants, turkeys, and grouse), Odontophoridae (New World quails),

Numididae (guinea fowl), Cracidae (including chachalacas and currasows), and

Megapodiidae (incubator birds like mallee fowl and brush-turkeys).

All are skilled runners that can fly only a few hundred feet when escaping danger

Grouse are heavily built like other Galliformes such as

chickens. They range in length from 31 cm (12 in) to 95 cm

(37 in), in weight from 0.3 kg (11 oz) to 6.5 kg (14 lb).

Male Sage Grouse

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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ptarmigan

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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he chachalacas, guans and curassows

are birds in the family Cracidae.

Spix's Guan, Penelope jacquacu

Cracids are large birds, similar in general

appearance to turkeys. The guans and

curassows live in trees, but the smaller

chachalacas are found in more open

scrubby habitats

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Charadriiformes

• Short bill

• Strong fliers

• Shorebirds

• Gulls

Charadriiformes is a diverse order of small to medium-

large birds. It includes about 350 species and has members

in all parts of the world. Most Charadriiformes live near

water and eat invertebrates or other small animals

Masked Lapwing

(Vanellus miles)

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Order Psittaciformes

• Thick tongue

• Hinged and

movable upper beak

• Bright colors

• Parrots

• Parakeets

The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the

Psittacoidea ('true' parrots), the Cacatuoidea (cockatoos)

and the Strigopoidea (New Zealand parrots)

A Blue-and-yellow Macaw flying

cockatoosNew Zealand parrot

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Order Piciformes

• Two toes forward and

two toes backward

• woodpeckers

The Piciformes contain about 67 living genera

with a little over 400 species,

Male Red-bellied Woodpecker,

Nearly all Piciformes have parrot-like zygodactyl

feet—two toes forward and two back, an

arrangement that has obvious advantages for

birds that spend much of their time on tree trunks.

An exception are a few species of three-toed

woodpeckers.

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Sphenisciformes

• Webbed feet

• Wings as used for

swimming

• penquins

Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family

Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic,

flightless birds living almost exclusively in the

southern hemisphere, especially in Antarctica.

Highly adapted for life in the water

Gentoo Penguin,

Pygoscelis papua

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Order PelecanidaeThe bills, pouches and bare facial skin of

all species become brightly coloured

before the breeding season. The eight

living pelican species have a patchy global

distribution

A Great White Pelican in breeding

condition flying in Walvis Bay, Namibia

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Procellariiformes

Cape Petrel Daption capense

Procellariiformes is an order of seabirds

that comprises four families: the

albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters,

storm petrels, and diving petrels.

Short-tailed Albatross

(Phoebastria albatrus)Wilson's Storm Petrel

Peruvian Diving Petrel, Pelecanoides garnotii

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Large-tailed Nightjar, Caprimulgus

macrurus

Order Caprimulgiformes

The Caprimulgiformes is an order of birds

that includes a number of birds with global

distribution

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Casuariiformes

Southern Cassowary.

he bird order Casuariformes has four surviving

members: the three species of cassowary, and

the only remaining species of Emu. The emus

are classified in the family, Dromaiidae, while the

Cassowaries are all located within the

Casuariidae family.

All four members of the order are very large

flightless birds native to Australia-New Guinea ,

The characteristics of the family are those of its

members.

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Trogoniformes

Red-headed Trogon,

Harpactes erythrocephalus

The trogons and quetzals are birds in the

order Trogoniformes which contains only

one family, the Trogonidae. The family

contains 39 species in eight genera.

The trogons as a family are fairly uniform in

appearance, having compact bodies and

long tails (very long in the case of the

quetzals), and short necks.

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Podicipediformes

Black-necked Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis),

in non-breeding plumage

A grebe is a member of the Podicipediformes order, a widely

distributed order of freshwater diving birds, some of which visit the sea when

migrating and in winter. This order contains only a single family,

the Podicipedidae, containing 22 species in 6 extant genera.

Prof. Dr. Khalid Hamid Hasan University of Diyala College of Agriculture Republic of Iraq

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Order Accipitriformes

Red-tailed Hawk, Buteo jamaicensis

The Accipitriformes is an order that has

been proposed to include most of the

diurnal birds of prey: hawks, eagles,

vultures, and many others, about 225

species in all. For a long time, the majority

view has been to include them with the

falcons in the Falconiformes, but some

authorities have recognized a separate

Accipitriformes

A recent DNA study has indicated that

falcons are not closely related to the

Accipitriformes, being instead related to

parrots and passerines.

North American Classification Committee (NACC) classifies the New

World vultures as a separate order.

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The End

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The End