biotechnology in crop improvement by ramesh sonti

7/28/2019 Biotechnology in Crop Improvement by Ramesh Sonti

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Biotechnological approachesfor crop improvement

Transgenesis

Molecular marker assisted selection


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Transgenesis vs. Marker Assisted Selection(MAS)

An application of MAS in developing disease

resistant rice varieties

Extending the scope of MAS


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Transgenesis: involves introduction of an isolatedgene into plant cells in such a manner that it is stablyinherited through subsequent generations

Marker Assisted Selection: this is a variation of

traditional plant breeding wherein DNA sequencedifferences are used to identify plant varieties that carrythe desired traits


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Marker assisted selection vs. Transgenesis

Marker assisted selection:Advantages: Biosafety and Intellectual PropertyRights are not major issues

Disadvantages: source of gene isrestricted to the gene pool of the species

Transgenesis:Advantages: Very precise technology; any gene fromany organism

Disadvantages: Issues of Biosafety;Many of the enabling technologies are coveredby patents


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Transgenesis vs. Marker Assisted Selection

(MAS)





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Normal Infected

Disease Lesion

Bacterial leaf blight is a serious rice disease


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Effective bactericides are not availablefor controlling the disease

Bacterium can overcome rice cultivarscontaining single genes for resistanceagainst the disease

Rice cultivars should be developedthat contain multiple genes forBacterial Leaf Blight Resistance


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Samba MahsuriFine Quality,Disease

Susceptible

Donor

Disease ResistantLow yielding

Ricevariety

TrigunaInsect Resistant,Disease

Susceptible

Improved Variety:Fine Quality,

Disease Resistant

Improved Variety:Insect Resistant,

Disease Resistant

MolecularBreeding


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SambaMasuri

All derivedlines areresistant


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Donor SambaMahsuri

ResistantSambaMahsuri

1 = Paddy; 2 = milled rice; 3 = cooked rice

Grain characteristics of resistant linesare similar to Samba Mahsuri parent


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Marker assisted selection (MAS) is atechnology that really works

The products can be taken to marketwithout long delays caused by regulatoryrequirements

However, MAS can only be applied tothose traits for which the variation is

already available in the gene pool of theorganism


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Developing new technologies for increasing theextent of variation that exists within the gene pool

of the organism

This will allow MAS to move into the applicationspace for which options are currently availableonly through use of transgenics

Concerted efforts backed by generous

government funding are needed

Need of the hour:


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Transgenesis vs. Marker Assisted Selection

(MAS)





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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CCMB

M. R. Vishnupriya

Yashitola JamirRamesh V. Sonti

Directorate of Rice Research

R. M. Sundaram

Sunil BiradarG. S. Laha

Ashok Reddy

Shobha RaniN. P. Sarma

A. P. K. Reddy

D. Krishnaveni


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Grain from resistant lines is similar

to Samba Masuri parent

ResistantSamba Masuri

SambaMasuri

SS1113


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Milled rice from resistant lines is similar

to Samba Masuri parent

ResistantSamba Masuri

SambaMasuri

SS1113

biotechnology in crop improvement by ramesh sonti

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