Biotechnology and Crop Engineering

GROUP MEMBERS :

Cristina Maria LucaIoana Florea

TECHNICAL ADVISER :

lecturer Ph.D. Cristina Felea

BABES-BOLYAI UNIVERSITYFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

BIOTECHNOLOGYapplied biology that involves the use of living organisms and

bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts.[ 15 ]

GENETIC CROP ENGINEERING

it represents the manipulation of a plants genetic material by :

introducing, enhancing, eliminating

specific genes

bacterium mixed withplant cells

heavy metal coatedwith plasmid DNA

cell shot with

gene gun

gene

replication

PLANT CELLwith DNA insert into chromosome

plasmid inserted

in cell

gene inserted

into plasmid

GENEidentified & isolated

TRANSFORMED CELLidentified with selectable marker

gene screened

for transgene

TRANSGENIC PLANT

ADVANTAGES

the conventional seeds are usually treated with fungicides and insecticides

are used synthetic fertilisers

toxic pesticides to control "pests" & weed

In conventional farming

Enhanced taste and quality

Reduced maturation time

Increased nutrients, yields, and stress tolerance

Improved resistance to disease, pests, and herbicides

New products and growing techniques[11]

DISADVANTAGES

human health impacts

allergens,

transfer of antibiotic resistance markers,

unintended transfer of transgenes through cross-pollination,

unknown effects on other organisms

loss of biodiversity

Violation of natural organisms

Tampering with nature by mixinggenes among species

Objections to consuming animal genes in plants and vice versa

Stress for animal[10]

ETHICS

SAFETY FOODS AROUND THE WOLRD

maize cultivation MON810 banned in :

Germany - april 2009

France

Austria

Greece

Hungary

Luxembourg

no objections...for now, in :

USA Canada - from Health Canada 'MON810 offers the Canadian grower protection against the loss of yield due to infestation with the European Corn Borer (ECB),...'[ 5 ]

UE - Directive 90/220/EEC [ 4 ]

Ordinul MAPDR nr.237/2006 privind autorizarea cultivatorilor de plante modificate genetic publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr. 337 din14.04.2006;(pdf, 94 KB)

Ordinul MAPDR nr.471/2006 pentru completarea şi modificarea Ordinul MAPDR nr.237/2006 privind autorizarea cultivatorilor de plante modificate genetic publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr. 663 din 2.08.2006; (pdf, 71 KB)  OUG nr.43/2007 privind introducerea deliberata în mediu şi introducerea pe piaţă a organismelor modificate genetic publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr.435 din 28.06.2007; (pdf, 340 KB)  OUG nr.195/2005 privind protecţia mediului, publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr.1196 din 30.12.2005; (pdf, 275 KB) 

Legea 265/2006 pentru aprobarea Ordonantei de urgenţă a guvernului nr.195/2005 privind protecţia mediului, publicat în Monitorul Oficial, Partea I, nr.586 din 6.07.2006; (pdf, 68 KB) 

HG nr. 173/2006 privind trasabilitatea si etichetarea organismelor modificate genetic si trasabilitatea alimentelor si hranei pentru animale, obtinute din organisme modificate genetic, publicat in Monitorul Oficial nr. 206/6.03.2006.

SAFETY FOODS IN ROMANIA

RESPONSE :

'The vast majority of the 41 articles published in 2008 and 2009 indicate no impact on these organisms and only two articles indicate a minor effect, which is either inconsistent during the planting season or represents an indirect effect. Publications from 1996 to 2008 (376 publications) and recent meta-analyses do not allow to conclude on consistent effects either.'

replied Monsanto to german goverment after they decided to ban MON180

WHAT THE SCIENTISTS THINK ABOUT IT :

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

UEJCHUSA0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

nu

mbe

r

year

articles

UE J CH USA

98% detection of GMO's 1% heat degradation of DNA 1% immune response of a mouse to GMO's food

In fact looking into a prestigious magazine like Journal of Agriculture, Food & Chemystry, from 2002 to 2010, we find 80 articles about GMO

Rapeseed

[ 11 ]

Tomato

[ 14 ]

Rapeseed

[ 12 ]

cotton

[ 10 ]

[ ]

Squash

Rapeseed

[ 7 ]

Hawaiian papaya

[8 ]

rice[ 13 ]

Sweet Peppers

Liste of references 1. 2. A. Ricroch, & all, 'Is the German suspension of MON810 maize cultivation

scientifically justified ?', Springer Science & Business Media B.V.2009 3. 4. * * * Detection and Quantification of Genetically Modified Organisms, UE 5. * * * Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2 6. * * * www.all-creatures.org 7. * * * www.gazeley.com 8. * * * www.growhawaii.com 9. * * * www.meristem.com10. * * * www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Humangenome11. * * * www.oklahoma4h.okstate.edu 11. * * * www.seedland.com12. * * * www.soils.wisc.edu 13. * * * www.treehugger.com 14. * * * www.tumbledownfarm.com 15. * * * www.wikipeidia.org16. 17.