Biotechnological techniques for solving industrial problems

COMSATS institute of information technology, Abbottabad

Zohaib Hussain (sp13-bty-001)

DR. Humaira

Sustainable industry Industry is sustainable

• It meets the needs and demands of the present

• Without compromising the future

Ethical

Economical Compatible

Renewable EnergyModern biotechnology in the production of biofuel –

bioethanol

• Rising oil prices,

• Decrease fossil fuel reserves

• Climate change due to increasing CO2 levels.

Biomass, and bio-based fuels in particular have received

wide attention recently.

Bioethanol Bioethanol is the product of a fermentation process

In EU wheat, sugar beet and grapes.

R&D efforts

• Alternative source of raw materials,

• Sugar cane is used. (No Enzyme)

• The enzymes recombinant amylases

World Fuel Ethanol ProductionCountry Millions of Gallons

United States 14,806

Brazil 7,093

European Union 1,387

China 813

Canada 436

Thailand 334

Argentina 211

India 211

Rest of World 391

A Decade of Carbon reductionsRenewable Fuel Standard

Reduced U.S. transportation-related carbon

emissions by 589.33 million metric tons.

• RFS1 and RFS2 programs

• Alternative to petroleum fuels

• Reduced reliance on foreign oil

• Decreased carbon emissions

Pulp or Paper industry • Wood contains esters of fatty acids (‘pitch’)

• These substances are usually removed using chemicals.

• lipases can be used in mechanical pulps to reduce pitch

problems.

• Enzyme aided removal of fines and polysaccharides on

fibres.

• To improve the drainage of water.

• Increasing the efficiency of pressing

Paper industry Problems are

• Produces emissions to air and water as well as solid

waste as a by-product.

• Air pollutants are NOx, SO2 , CO, CO2 and

particulate matter.

• High biological and chemical oxygen demand

(BOD and COD).

• Chlorine emissions

Paper industry • Cellulose sourced from wood

• Xylanases major enzyme.

• Used in the pulp bleaching process to enhance the

extractability of lignin.

• 20 mills throughout Scandinavia, North America and

Russia,

• 10% of kraft pulp is manufactured using xylanase

treatment

• cost savings of 5%-6%.

Paper industry • Pectinases in raw material treatment or

cellulases. • lipases. • Cellulases and hemi-cellulases can be used in

enzyme-aided deinking.

Note: • These process is already used in mills but is

not yet widespread.

Outcomes • Reduces use of elemental chlorine by 90%.

• AOX content in wastewater streams by 15%-20%.

• Reduce energy use by about 32%

• Greenhouse gas emission savings are around 5%.

• The use of enzymes in de-inking and pitch control

• less use of additives

• surface-active chemicals, and other chemicals.

Textile industry • EU comprises about 70,000 companies, 8% of the

worldwide enzyme market. • Energy and water-intensive processes. • Wastewater streams pollutant. • In textile wetting, 100 litres/kilogram of textile

fabric. • Require high temperatures• Cleaning, bleaching, dying and others• Finishing processes generate a variety of

pollutants.

Textile industry • Cellulases are also used in the finishing of denim

garments

• To create a washed out appearance by replacing the

stone wash process by “biostoning”.

• This process was applied to 80% of jeans trousers in the

1990s.

• Cellulases account for about 2/3 of textile enzyme sales

Food industry • Biotechnology in food production has a long

history

• In beer, wine, bread and cheese production.

• The significance of modern biotechnology in food

processing

• By the large share of food enzymes in the enzyme

market: 30%-45%.

Food industry 1960s, all glucose production based on starch

Change to enzymatic rather than acid hydrolysis,

• Reducing steam cost by 30%

• Ash by 50%

• By-products by 90%

Amylases, proteases and xylanases

Important roles in baking, cheese production, sweetener

production and other food production processes.

Food industry Enzymes to improve the production processes and

the product quality.

In juice production application of pectinases,

amylases and proteases.

• Naturally in the fruit ripening process.

• Helps to soften the fruit cell walls

• To reduce the viscosity of the material.

Food Industry

This results in

• Increased juice yield (fruits 15%-20%).

• Decreased filtration times, up to 50%.

• Clarification and cloud stabilization of juice and juice

concentrates

• Decreased risk of jellification

• Gene silencing

Bakers industry

• The Federation of Bakers represents the interests of the UK’s largest baking companies

• It is a £3.5 billion industry at retail sales value • Employing 20,000 people supplying the

majority of the nation’s bread. • The Federation has 9 member companies

running 33 bakeries in the United Kingdom.

• Potassium bromate, a suspected cancer causing agent at certain levels.

• Added as a preservative and a dough strengthening agent.

• Genetically enhanced microorganisms produces baking enzymes to

• Enhance rising Strengthen dough. • Prolong freshness • Reduces CO2 emissions in grain production, milling

and baking and transportation

Cosmetics Industry

• Mineral oil and petroleum jelly from fossil

sources used as ingredients

• High toxicity products and byproducts

• No therapeutic values

• Irritation

• Contains carcinogens

Cosmeceutical Cosmeceutical refers to cosmetic

products that claim to have drug-like benefits. • Typically, anti-aging creams and moisturizers

enjoy the label. • How much some people are willing to spend to

maintain a youthful glow is Crème de La Mer. • It costs $100 per day. • Collagen production and antioxidants.• Artificial skin

Biopolymer (natural Plastic)

Other industries • Mining industry • Forestry industry • Timber industry • Pharmaceutical industry • Waste recycling industry • Agriculture industry • Packaging industry

Etc

References • https://www.bio.org/sites/default/files/ConsumerProducts060409.pdf• http://biotech-careers.org/job-areas/cosmetics• https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=(such+as+NatureWorks

%E2%80%99+Ingeo&oq=(such+as+NatureWorks%E2%80%99+Ingeo+&aqs=chrome..69i57.939j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=such+as+NatureWorks%E2%80%99+Ingeo

• http://www.natureworksllc.com/News-and-Events/Press-Releases/2015/07-22-15-Ingeo-Biopolymer-Life-Cycle-Assessment

• http://www.biocom.iastate.edu/workshop/2012workshop/presentations/bopp.pdf

• https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=industrial+biotechnology&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEyfe-utfLAhUiCpoKHXPwAeEQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=pnK2lsD2FRLEAM%3A

• http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/4324/microbial-transformation-of-natural-products

• http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2015.00075/full

• https://www.bio.org/category/biopharmaceutical-manufacturing-distribution• https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/default/files/jrc_reference_report_200704_biotech.pdf• http://www.biotechonweb.com/Application-of-biotech-in-Agriculture.html• http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/bio-3.pdf• https://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/agricultural_biotechnology/download/

Agricultural_Biotechnology.pdf• file:///C:/Users/worldlinks/Desktop/9783540233121-c1.pdf• https://www.bio.org/sites/default/files/pollutionprevn.pdf• https://www.google.com.pk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-

8#q=biotech%20in%20sloving%20problems%20of%20paper%20industry• http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/BFb0102079#page-1• http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2FBFb0102070• http://www.tappsa.co.za/archive/Journal_papers/Applications_of_biotechnology/

applications_of_biotechnology.html• https://www.google.com.pk/search?

q=biostoning&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=643&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjrvKbRydfLAhXiYpoKHSK3C9wQ_AUIBigB&dpr=1#imgrc=_

• http://www.oecd.org/sti/biotech/1947629.pdf• http://www.slideshare.net/KodyAmburgey/biotechnology-industry-analysis• chrome://newtab/

Thanks to all who say “No” to me because of them I did it myself. Khan