Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 833

Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera)Chapter 134

Marc Kenis1 Alain Roques2

1 CABI Europe-Switzerland 1 Rue des Grillons CH- 2800 Deleacutemont Switzerland 2 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UR 0633 Station de Zoologie Forestiegravere 2163 Av Pomme de Pin 45075 Orleacuteans France

Corresponding authors Marc Kenis (mkeniscabiorg) Alain Roques (alainroquesorleansinrafr)

Academic editor David Roy | Received 26 March 2010 | Accepted 25 May 2010 | Published 6 July 2010

Citation Kenis M Roques A (2010) Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) Chapter 134 In Roques A et al (Eds) Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe BioRisk 4(1) 833ndash849 doi 103897biorisk465

AbstractA total of 31 Phthiraptera species alien to Europe are listed Th ey include 24 chewing lice and seven suck-ing lice of 12 diff erent families Th e families Goniodidae (Ischnocera) and Menoponidae (Amblycera) largely dominate the alien entomofauna of chewing lice Asia is the major supplier of alien Phthiraptera which are mostly associated with poultry farming game birds guinea pigs and invasive alien mammals Th e recent period did not show any acceleration in alien arrival in Europe Alien fl eas include six species in the families Pulicidae and Ceratophyllidae Th ree of them are primarily associated with rats and are capable of transmiting major human diseases such as the bubonic plague and the murine typhus

KeywordsPhthiraptera lice fl ea Siphonaptera alien Europe

1341 Introduction

Phthiraptera (lice) and Siphonaptera (fl eas) are obligate ectoparasitic insects of birds and mammals including humans Some are of high importance for human and animal health because they cause itches and skin infection and transmit serious diseases eg the head louse (Pediculus capitis De Geer) the crab louse (Phtirus pubis (L)) the cat fl ea (Ctenocephalides felis felis (Boucheacute)) the rat fl ea (Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild)) or the human fl ea (Pulex irritans L) Although many of these are of unknown origin they

BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)

doi 103897biorisk465

wwwpensoftonlinenetbiorisk

Copyright M Kenis A Roques This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author and source are credited

RESEARCH ARTICLE BioRiskA peer-reviewed open-access journal

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)834

are probably allochtonous in Europe having arrived in ancient times with their hosts (Mey 1988 Beaucournu and Launay 1990) Th us Pulex irritans was shown to have been present in Europe since the Bronze Age at least having been found in remains of lake dwellings in the French Jura dating back to 3100 BC (Yvinec et al 2000)

Only the species considered as possibly neozoans ie 27 lice and six fl eas were originally included in the DAISIE database Four further species have subsequently been added to the list of alien species and this review is therefore based on 31 species

Although a large part of these alien species were recorded in Europe for the fi rst time at the end of the 19th century many probably came much earlier the exact date of arrival remaining unclear in nearly all cases

1342 Phthiraptera

Lice are exopterygotes of birds and mammals Most species are host-specifi c but others are rather polyphagous Th ey spend their entire life on their host animal feeding on epidermal tissue debris parts of feathers blood or sebaceous secretions Until recently they were divided into two orders Anoplura (sucking lice) and Mallophaga (chew-ing lice) but they are presently grouped into a single order Phthiraptera (Barker et al 2003 Price et al 2003) Th e order Phthiraptera comprises about 5000 described species present in four sub-orders Anoplura (543 spp on mammals) Amblycera (ca 1360 spp on birds mammals and marsupials) Ischnocera (ca 3080 spp on birds and mammals) and Rhynchophthirina (3 spp on elephants and warthogs) this latter group being not present in Europe (Smith 2003)

A total of 31 Phthiraptera species alien to Europe have been listed here including 16 species known to be of exotic origin and 14 cryptogenic species to be compared to the 691 species considered as native to Europe included in Fauna Europaea (Mey 2005) Th ey include 24 chewing lice belonging to 8 diff erent families and 7 sucking lice belonging to 4 diff erent families (Table 1341) Th ree of the families have no rep-resentatives in Europe (Gliricolidae Gyropidae Trimenoponidae all in the Amblycera suborder) Th e families Goniodidae (Ischnocera) and Menoponidae largely dominate the alien entomofauna (Figure 1341) In a number of families the arrival of aliens has largely modifi ed the composition of the total entomofauna currently present in Europe

In contrast to the trends reported in other arthropod groups the majority of the alien lice were fi rst observed in Europe during the 18th and 19th century (18 species out of 31- 581) although they probably arrived much earlier with their animal host in most cases a domestic species Th e recent period did not show any acceleration in alien arrival in Europe with only 4 species (129 of the total species) newly observed dur-ing the period 1975- 2007 Eight out the 17 alien species of known exotic origin came from Asia (470 ) with earlier arrival dates than those from North America (4 spp 235 ) or South America (4 spp)

Several chewing lice of cryptogenic origin are important pests of poultry farm-ing in particular Menopon gallinae Goniocotes gallinae and Eomenacanthus stramineus

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 835

(Sychra et al 2008) Other species parasitize pheasants (Phasianus spp) and came with their host from Asia such as Goniocotes chrysocephalus Lagopoecus colchicus Lipeurus maculosus Uchida phasiani Zlotorzyckella colchici (Kopocinski et al 1998) Chewing lice parasitising mammals in Europe are listed in Mey (1988) Some species are known to be of alien origin such as the three South American species Gyropus ovalis Gliricola porcelli and Trimenopon hispidum arriving in Europe with guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L) and causing scratching loss of hair and scabs to domestic and laboratory animals Other species worth mentioning are the cryptogenic dog louse Trichodectes canis and the sheep louse Bovicola ovis which cause pruritus and skin infections such as eczema to their host animal Finally a few species are associated with invasive alien mammals such as the South American Pitrufquenia coypus on coypu (Myocastor coypus (Moli-na)) (Laurie 1946 Newson and Holmes 1968) and the North American Trichodectes (Stachiella) octomaculatus on raccoon (Procyon lotor (L)) (Hellenthal et al 2004)

Only seven sucking lice of four families (Enderleinellidae Hoplopleuridae Linog-nathidae and Polyplacidae) are considered Neozoans in Europe (Table 1341) Th e Asian Polyplax spinulosa (spined rat louse) causes hair loss and pruritus to wild and do-mestic rats (Rattus spp) Th e cryptogenic species Linognathus stenopsis and Haemodip-sus lyriocephalus parasitize goats (Capra hircus L) and hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas) respectively According to Durden and Musser (1994) another Haemodipsus species H setoni Ewing associated with Lepus spp in North America is possibly an introduced species in Eurasia (this species has not been included here) Th ree species have been in-troduced to Europe with their Sciuridae host from either North America ( Enderleinel-lus longiceps and Hoplopeura sciuricola with grey squirel Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin Britt and Molineux 1979) or Asia (Enderleinellus tamiasis with Siberian chipmunk Tamia sibiricus (Laxmann) Beaucornu et al 2008) Solenopotes muntiacus has also been

Figure 1341 Relative importance of the Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera suborders and families in the alien and native fauna in Europe Families of Phthiraptera are presented per suborder in a decreasing order based on the number of alien species Species alien to Europe include cryptogenic species Th e number over each bar indicates the number of species observed per family

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)836

introduced from Asia to Great Britain with muntjac deers Muntiacus reevesi (Ogilby) (Dansie et al 1983)

In addition Haemodipsus ventricosus (Denny) which lives on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L) can be considered as alien in Europe originating as its host from the Iberic pensinsula (Durden and Musser 1994)

1343 Siphonaptera

Fleas are holometabolous insects whose adults must feed on blood of mammals and birds in order to reproduce Larvae feed on organic matter often in the hostrsquos nest In the DAISIE database six fl eas are listed as alien to Europe including 5 spe-cies known to be of exotic origin and 1 cryptogenic species in comparison to the 260 species considered as native to Europe (Soledad Gomez Lopez 2005) (Table 1341) Th e aliens belong equally to two families Pulicidae and Ceratophyllidae whereas the latter family largely dominates the native entomofauna Th ree of these fl eas have rats as their main host (Beaucornu and Launay 1990) Th e tropical rat fl ea Xenopsylla cheopis probably originates from the Nile area (Beaucornu 1999) It became synanthropic in most of Southern Europe where it could not survive before because of large temperature variations between summer and winter within human habitats (Beaucornu 1999) X brasiliensis originates from tropical Africa and invaded the Canary islands (Beaucornu and Launay 1990) it has also been

Figure 1342 Alien Phthiraptera (Anoplura) Solenopotes muntiacus female from Muntjac deer Muntia-cus muntjak (Credit British Museum of Natural History London)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 837

found sporadically in port areas and elsewhere eg it was recorded from Wales in the 1950s (Hopkins and Rotschild 1953) Th e third species Nosopsyllus fasciatus is a temperate species from Asia Rat fl eas are also able to feed on other mammals including humans to which they can transmit the bubonic plague by carrying the bacteria Yersinia pestis (Audouin-Rouzeau 2003) Xenopsylla cheopis is also a vector of another human disease the murine typhus fever caused by the bacteria Rickett-sia typhi (Beaucournu and Launay 1990) Th e North American species Orchopeas howardi is found on the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) an invasive rodent in Europe (Keymer 1983)

In addition a rabbit fl ea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) can be considered as alien in Europe probably originating with its host from the Iberian Peninsula It has invaded a large part of Western and Central Europe (Soledad Gomez Lopez 2005) It is the principal vector of rabbit myxomatosis a disease which was deliberately introduced from South America into Europe in 1952 in order to control rabbit populations (Beau-cournu and Launay 1990) Another fl ea of Mediterranean origin the ceratophyllid Nosopsyllus (Nosopsyllus) londinensis londinensis (Rothschild) hosted by mice (Mus do-mesticus) and rats (Rattus spp) has been introduced in urban habitats in Belgium Switzerland Great Britain and in the Oceanic islands (Madeira Th e Azores) (Roth-schild 1903 Smit 1957 Mahnert 1974 Beaucournu and Launay 1990)

Figure 1343 Alien Phthiraptera (Amblycera) Gliricola porcelli male from guinea pig Cavia porcellus (Credit British Museum of Natural History London)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)838

Acknowledgements

We thank Mihaela Ilieva and Daniel Pilarska for the help in establishing the database

References

Anonymous (1994) Orchopeas howardi reported from SE London British Journal of Entomol-ogy and Natural History 7 102ndash109

Audouin-Rouzeau F (2003) Les Chemins de la Peste - Le Rat la Puce et lrsquoHomme Rennes France Presses universitaires de Rennes

Barker SC Whiting M Johnson KP Murrell A (2003) Phylogeny of the lice (Insecta Phthiraptera) inferred from small subunit rRNA Zoologica Scripta 3 407ndash414

Beaucornu JC (1972) Sur quelques ectoparasites (Siphonaptegraveres anoploures et nycteacuteribies) du Portugal Anais da Escola Nacional de Sauacutede Puacuteblica e de Medicina Tropical 6 65ndash71

Beaucornu JC (1976) Notes sur les Ceratophyllidae (Siphonaptera) de la faune franccedilaise para-sites de mammifegraveres Annales de la Socieacuteteacute Entomologique de France (NS) 12 199ndash213

Beaucornu JC (1978) Enquecircte sur les arthropodes vecteurs dans la Peacuteninsule Ibeacuterique Liste des Siphonaptegraveres Meacutedecine et maladies infectieuses 8 121ndash124

Beaucournu JC (1999) Diversiteacute des puces vectrices en fonction des foyers pesteux Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute de pathologie exotique 92 419ndash421

Beaucornu JC Alcover JA (1984) Siphonaptera from Small Terrestrial Mammals in the Pityusic Islands In Kuhbier H Alcover JA drsquoArellano Tur G (Eds) Biogeography and Ecology of the Pityusic Islands Th e Hague Dr W Junk Publisher 377ndash392

Beaucornu JC Aeschlimann A (1985) Une Puce nouvelle pour la region Paleacutearctique Occiden-tale Preacutesence en Suisse de Callopsylla gemina (Ioff 1946) (Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae) Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute Neuchacircteloise des Sciences Naturelles 108 55ndash62

Beaucournu JC Launay H (1977) Preacutesence en France drsquoune Xenopsylla selvatique X cunicula-ris Smit 1957 (Siphonoptera pulcidae) parasite du lapin de garenne Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute de Pathologie Exotique 70 299ndash301

Beaucournu JC Launay H (1990) Les puces (Siphonaptera) de France et du Bassin meacutediterraneacuteen occidental Faune de France 76 Paris Feacutedeacuteration Franccedilaise des Socieacuteteacutes de Sciences Natu-relles 548 pp

Beaucournu JC Pascal M (1998) Origine biogeacuteographique de Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc 1800) (Siphonaptera - Ceratophyllidae) et observations sur son hocircte primitif Biogeographica 74 125ndash132

Beaucournu JC Pisanu B Chapuis JL (2008) Enderleinellus tamiasis Fahrenholz 1916 (Ano-plura Enderleinellidae) espegravece importeacutee implanteacutee et nouvelle pour la faune de France Parasite 15 75ndash78

Beaucournu JC Valle M Launay H (1981) Siphonaptegraveres drsquoItalie Meacuteridionale description de cinq nouveaux taxa Rivista di Parassitologia 42 483ndash505

Bernard L Dounet G Jaujou (1947) Une eacutepideacutemie de Pest bubonique agrave Ajaccio (1945) Recueil des Travaux de lrsquoInstitut National drsquoHygiegravene de Paris 3 355ndash375

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 839

Bordeau W (2008) Phtiriose agrave Gliricola porcelli chez le cobaye lrsquoassociation imidaclopride-moxidectine est effi cace Sciences et Pratique 999 13ndash19

Britt D Molyneux DH (1979) Parasites of Grey Squirrels in Cheshire England Th e Journal of Parasitology 65 408

Broekhuizen S (1971) On the occurrence of hare lice Haemodipsus spp (Anoplura Hoplopleu-ridae) on hares Lepus europaeus in the Netherlands Zeitschrift fuumlr Parasitenkunde 36 158ndash168

Buumlttiker W Mahnert V (1978) Vorlaumlufi ge Liste der Anoplura (Insecta der Schweiz) Mitteilun-gen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 51 299ndash306

Cartana Castella P Gil Collado J (1934) Estudio de la ratas y de sus ectoparasitos en ocasion del brote epidemico de peste en Barcelona en 1931 Madrid Commission Permanente de Inves-tigaciones sanitarias 316 pp

Clay T (1938) A revision of the genera and species of Mallophaga occuring on gallinaceous hasts Part 1 Lipeurus and related genera Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (D) 108 109ndash204

Cummings BF (1916) Studies on the Anoplura and Mallophaga being a report upon a col-lection from the Mammals and Dirds in the Societyrsquos gardens Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 253ndash295

Dale CW (1878) Th e History of Glanvillersquos Wootton in the county of Dorset including its zoology and botany London 392 pp

Dansie O Cooke A Farrell L (1983) Muntjac and Chinese Water Deer London Th e British Deer Society 43pp

Denny H (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae or an Essay on the British species of para-sitic insects belonging to the order Anoplura of Leach London Bohn 263 pp

Dlabola J (Ed) (1977) Check-list of Czechoslo vak Insects I Praha Naacuterodniacute Muzeum 160 ppDonisthorpe H (1925) Insects in the nest of the grey squirrel Entomologistrsquos Record 37 163Durden LA Musser GG (1994) Th e sucking lice (Insecta Anoplura) of the world a taxonomic

checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 218 1ndash90

Fauna Italia (2003) Families Anoploura Mallophaga Siphonaptera available at [httpwwwfaunaitaliaitchecklistinvertebratesfamilies] last update December 3 2003

Galli- Valerio B (1900) Sur les puces drsquoArvicola nivalis Archives de Parasitologie 3 96ndash101Geiter O Homma S Kinzelbach R (2002) Bestandsaufnahme und Bewertung von Neozoen in

Deutschland Berlin Umweltbundesamt 25 1ndash173Giles GM (1905) Pulex cheopis Rothschild in England Entomologistrsquos Monthly Magazine 41

139Gomez MS Gallego J Bernat G (1987) Observaciones sobre la fauna de anopluros paraacutesitos de

micromamiacuteferos de la regioacuten catalana (Espantildea) Revista iberica de parasitologiacutea 47 81ndash87 Hellenthal RA Price RD Palma RL (2004) Chewing Lice of Belgium httpbch-cbdnaturals-

ciencesbebelgiumbiodiversityfaunafl orahabitatsbelchewinglicepdfHimonas CA Liakos VD (1989) Field trial of cypermethrin against lice infestation in goats

Th e Veterinary Record 125 420ndash421

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 835

(Sychra et al 2008) Other species parasitize pheasants (Phasianus spp) and came with their host from Asia such as Goniocotes chrysocephalus Lagopoecus colchicus Lipeurus maculosus Uchida phasiani Zlotorzyckella colchici (Kopocinski et al 1998) Chewing lice parasitising mammals in Europe are listed in Mey (1988) Some species are known to be of alien origin such as the three South American species Gyropus ovalis Gliricola porcelli and Trimenopon hispidum arriving in Europe with guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L) and causing scratching loss of hair and scabs to domestic and laboratory animals Other species worth mentioning are the cryptogenic dog louse Trichodectes canis and the sheep louse Bovicola ovis which cause pruritus and skin infections such as eczema to their host animal Finally a few species are associated with invasive alien mammals such as the South American Pitrufquenia coypus on coypu (Myocastor coypus (Moli-na)) (Laurie 1946 Newson and Holmes 1968) and the North American Trichodectes (Stachiella) octomaculatus on raccoon (Procyon lotor (L)) (Hellenthal et al 2004)

Only seven sucking lice of four families (Enderleinellidae Hoplopleuridae Linog-nathidae and Polyplacidae) are considered Neozoans in Europe (Table 1341) Th e Asian Polyplax spinulosa (spined rat louse) causes hair loss and pruritus to wild and do-mestic rats (Rattus spp) Th e cryptogenic species Linognathus stenopsis and Haemodip-sus lyriocephalus parasitize goats (Capra hircus L) and hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas) respectively According to Durden and Musser (1994) another Haemodipsus species H setoni Ewing associated with Lepus spp in North America is possibly an introduced species in Eurasia (this species has not been included here) Th ree species have been in-troduced to Europe with their Sciuridae host from either North America ( Enderleinel-lus longiceps and Hoplopeura sciuricola with grey squirel Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin Britt and Molineux 1979) or Asia (Enderleinellus tamiasis with Siberian chipmunk Tamia sibiricus (Laxmann) Beaucornu et al 2008) Solenopotes muntiacus has also been

Figure 1341 Relative importance of the Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera suborders and families in the alien and native fauna in Europe Families of Phthiraptera are presented per suborder in a decreasing order based on the number of alien species Species alien to Europe include cryptogenic species Th e number over each bar indicates the number of species observed per family

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)836

introduced from Asia to Great Britain with muntjac deers Muntiacus reevesi (Ogilby) (Dansie et al 1983)

In addition Haemodipsus ventricosus (Denny) which lives on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L) can be considered as alien in Europe originating as its host from the Iberic pensinsula (Durden and Musser 1994)

1343 Siphonaptera

Fleas are holometabolous insects whose adults must feed on blood of mammals and birds in order to reproduce Larvae feed on organic matter often in the hostrsquos nest In the DAISIE database six fl eas are listed as alien to Europe including 5 spe-cies known to be of exotic origin and 1 cryptogenic species in comparison to the 260 species considered as native to Europe (Soledad Gomez Lopez 2005) (Table 1341) Th e aliens belong equally to two families Pulicidae and Ceratophyllidae whereas the latter family largely dominates the native entomofauna Th ree of these fl eas have rats as their main host (Beaucornu and Launay 1990) Th e tropical rat fl ea Xenopsylla cheopis probably originates from the Nile area (Beaucornu 1999) It became synanthropic in most of Southern Europe where it could not survive before because of large temperature variations between summer and winter within human habitats (Beaucornu 1999) X brasiliensis originates from tropical Africa and invaded the Canary islands (Beaucornu and Launay 1990) it has also been

Figure 1342 Alien Phthiraptera (Anoplura) Solenopotes muntiacus female from Muntjac deer Muntia-cus muntjak (Credit British Museum of Natural History London)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 837

found sporadically in port areas and elsewhere eg it was recorded from Wales in the 1950s (Hopkins and Rotschild 1953) Th e third species Nosopsyllus fasciatus is a temperate species from Asia Rat fl eas are also able to feed on other mammals including humans to which they can transmit the bubonic plague by carrying the bacteria Yersinia pestis (Audouin-Rouzeau 2003) Xenopsylla cheopis is also a vector of another human disease the murine typhus fever caused by the bacteria Rickett-sia typhi (Beaucournu and Launay 1990) Th e North American species Orchopeas howardi is found on the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) an invasive rodent in Europe (Keymer 1983)

In addition a rabbit fl ea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) can be considered as alien in Europe probably originating with its host from the Iberian Peninsula It has invaded a large part of Western and Central Europe (Soledad Gomez Lopez 2005) It is the principal vector of rabbit myxomatosis a disease which was deliberately introduced from South America into Europe in 1952 in order to control rabbit populations (Beau-cournu and Launay 1990) Another fl ea of Mediterranean origin the ceratophyllid Nosopsyllus (Nosopsyllus) londinensis londinensis (Rothschild) hosted by mice (Mus do-mesticus) and rats (Rattus spp) has been introduced in urban habitats in Belgium Switzerland Great Britain and in the Oceanic islands (Madeira Th e Azores) (Roth-schild 1903 Smit 1957 Mahnert 1974 Beaucournu and Launay 1990)

Figure 1343 Alien Phthiraptera (Amblycera) Gliricola porcelli male from guinea pig Cavia porcellus (Credit British Museum of Natural History London)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)838

Acknowledgements

We thank Mihaela Ilieva and Daniel Pilarska for the help in establishing the database

References

Anonymous (1994) Orchopeas howardi reported from SE London British Journal of Entomol-ogy and Natural History 7 102ndash109

Audouin-Rouzeau F (2003) Les Chemins de la Peste - Le Rat la Puce et lrsquoHomme Rennes France Presses universitaires de Rennes

Barker SC Whiting M Johnson KP Murrell A (2003) Phylogeny of the lice (Insecta Phthiraptera) inferred from small subunit rRNA Zoologica Scripta 3 407ndash414

Beaucornu JC (1972) Sur quelques ectoparasites (Siphonaptegraveres anoploures et nycteacuteribies) du Portugal Anais da Escola Nacional de Sauacutede Puacuteblica e de Medicina Tropical 6 65ndash71

Beaucornu JC (1976) Notes sur les Ceratophyllidae (Siphonaptera) de la faune franccedilaise para-sites de mammifegraveres Annales de la Socieacuteteacute Entomologique de France (NS) 12 199ndash213

Beaucornu JC (1978) Enquecircte sur les arthropodes vecteurs dans la Peacuteninsule Ibeacuterique Liste des Siphonaptegraveres Meacutedecine et maladies infectieuses 8 121ndash124

Beaucournu JC (1999) Diversiteacute des puces vectrices en fonction des foyers pesteux Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute de pathologie exotique 92 419ndash421

Beaucornu JC Alcover JA (1984) Siphonaptera from Small Terrestrial Mammals in the Pityusic Islands In Kuhbier H Alcover JA drsquoArellano Tur G (Eds) Biogeography and Ecology of the Pityusic Islands Th e Hague Dr W Junk Publisher 377ndash392

Beaucornu JC Aeschlimann A (1985) Une Puce nouvelle pour la region Paleacutearctique Occiden-tale Preacutesence en Suisse de Callopsylla gemina (Ioff 1946) (Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae) Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute Neuchacircteloise des Sciences Naturelles 108 55ndash62

Beaucournu JC Launay H (1977) Preacutesence en France drsquoune Xenopsylla selvatique X cunicula-ris Smit 1957 (Siphonoptera pulcidae) parasite du lapin de garenne Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute de Pathologie Exotique 70 299ndash301

Beaucournu JC Launay H (1990) Les puces (Siphonaptera) de France et du Bassin meacutediterraneacuteen occidental Faune de France 76 Paris Feacutedeacuteration Franccedilaise des Socieacuteteacutes de Sciences Natu-relles 548 pp

Beaucournu JC Pascal M (1998) Origine biogeacuteographique de Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc 1800) (Siphonaptera - Ceratophyllidae) et observations sur son hocircte primitif Biogeographica 74 125ndash132

Beaucournu JC Pisanu B Chapuis JL (2008) Enderleinellus tamiasis Fahrenholz 1916 (Ano-plura Enderleinellidae) espegravece importeacutee implanteacutee et nouvelle pour la faune de France Parasite 15 75ndash78

Beaucournu JC Valle M Launay H (1981) Siphonaptegraveres drsquoItalie Meacuteridionale description de cinq nouveaux taxa Rivista di Parassitologia 42 483ndash505

Bernard L Dounet G Jaujou (1947) Une eacutepideacutemie de Pest bubonique agrave Ajaccio (1945) Recueil des Travaux de lrsquoInstitut National drsquoHygiegravene de Paris 3 355ndash375

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 839

Bordeau W (2008) Phtiriose agrave Gliricola porcelli chez le cobaye lrsquoassociation imidaclopride-moxidectine est effi cace Sciences et Pratique 999 13ndash19

Britt D Molyneux DH (1979) Parasites of Grey Squirrels in Cheshire England Th e Journal of Parasitology 65 408

Broekhuizen S (1971) On the occurrence of hare lice Haemodipsus spp (Anoplura Hoplopleu-ridae) on hares Lepus europaeus in the Netherlands Zeitschrift fuumlr Parasitenkunde 36 158ndash168

Buumlttiker W Mahnert V (1978) Vorlaumlufi ge Liste der Anoplura (Insecta der Schweiz) Mitteilun-gen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 51 299ndash306

Cartana Castella P Gil Collado J (1934) Estudio de la ratas y de sus ectoparasitos en ocasion del brote epidemico de peste en Barcelona en 1931 Madrid Commission Permanente de Inves-tigaciones sanitarias 316 pp

Clay T (1938) A revision of the genera and species of Mallophaga occuring on gallinaceous hasts Part 1 Lipeurus and related genera Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (D) 108 109ndash204

Cummings BF (1916) Studies on the Anoplura and Mallophaga being a report upon a col-lection from the Mammals and Dirds in the Societyrsquos gardens Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 253ndash295

Dale CW (1878) Th e History of Glanvillersquos Wootton in the county of Dorset including its zoology and botany London 392 pp

Dansie O Cooke A Farrell L (1983) Muntjac and Chinese Water Deer London Th e British Deer Society 43pp

Denny H (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae or an Essay on the British species of para-sitic insects belonging to the order Anoplura of Leach London Bohn 263 pp

Dlabola J (Ed) (1977) Check-list of Czechoslo vak Insects I Praha Naacuterodniacute Muzeum 160 ppDonisthorpe H (1925) Insects in the nest of the grey squirrel Entomologistrsquos Record 37 163Durden LA Musser GG (1994) Th e sucking lice (Insecta Anoplura) of the world a taxonomic

checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 218 1ndash90

Fauna Italia (2003) Families Anoploura Mallophaga Siphonaptera available at [httpwwwfaunaitaliaitchecklistinvertebratesfamilies] last update December 3 2003

Galli- Valerio B (1900) Sur les puces drsquoArvicola nivalis Archives de Parasitologie 3 96ndash101Geiter O Homma S Kinzelbach R (2002) Bestandsaufnahme und Bewertung von Neozoen in

Deutschland Berlin Umweltbundesamt 25 1ndash173Giles GM (1905) Pulex cheopis Rothschild in England Entomologistrsquos Monthly Magazine 41

139Gomez MS Gallego J Bernat G (1987) Observaciones sobre la fauna de anopluros paraacutesitos de

micromamiacuteferos de la regioacuten catalana (Espantildea) Revista iberica de parasitologiacutea 47 81ndash87 Hellenthal RA Price RD Palma RL (2004) Chewing Lice of Belgium httpbch-cbdnaturals-

ciencesbebelgiumbiodiversityfaunafl orahabitatsbelchewinglicepdfHimonas CA Liakos VD (1989) Field trial of cypermethrin against lice infestation in goats

Th e Veterinary Record 125 420ndash421

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)836

introduced from Asia to Great Britain with muntjac deers Muntiacus reevesi (Ogilby) (Dansie et al 1983)

In addition Haemodipsus ventricosus (Denny) which lives on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L) can be considered as alien in Europe originating as its host from the Iberic pensinsula (Durden and Musser 1994)

1343 Siphonaptera

Fleas are holometabolous insects whose adults must feed on blood of mammals and birds in order to reproduce Larvae feed on organic matter often in the hostrsquos nest In the DAISIE database six fl eas are listed as alien to Europe including 5 spe-cies known to be of exotic origin and 1 cryptogenic species in comparison to the 260 species considered as native to Europe (Soledad Gomez Lopez 2005) (Table 1341) Th e aliens belong equally to two families Pulicidae and Ceratophyllidae whereas the latter family largely dominates the native entomofauna Th ree of these fl eas have rats as their main host (Beaucornu and Launay 1990) Th e tropical rat fl ea Xenopsylla cheopis probably originates from the Nile area (Beaucornu 1999) It became synanthropic in most of Southern Europe where it could not survive before because of large temperature variations between summer and winter within human habitats (Beaucornu 1999) X brasiliensis originates from tropical Africa and invaded the Canary islands (Beaucornu and Launay 1990) it has also been

Figure 1342 Alien Phthiraptera (Anoplura) Solenopotes muntiacus female from Muntjac deer Muntia-cus muntjak (Credit British Museum of Natural History London)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 837

found sporadically in port areas and elsewhere eg it was recorded from Wales in the 1950s (Hopkins and Rotschild 1953) Th e third species Nosopsyllus fasciatus is a temperate species from Asia Rat fl eas are also able to feed on other mammals including humans to which they can transmit the bubonic plague by carrying the bacteria Yersinia pestis (Audouin-Rouzeau 2003) Xenopsylla cheopis is also a vector of another human disease the murine typhus fever caused by the bacteria Rickett-sia typhi (Beaucournu and Launay 1990) Th e North American species Orchopeas howardi is found on the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) an invasive rodent in Europe (Keymer 1983)

In addition a rabbit fl ea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) can be considered as alien in Europe probably originating with its host from the Iberian Peninsula It has invaded a large part of Western and Central Europe (Soledad Gomez Lopez 2005) It is the principal vector of rabbit myxomatosis a disease which was deliberately introduced from South America into Europe in 1952 in order to control rabbit populations (Beau-cournu and Launay 1990) Another fl ea of Mediterranean origin the ceratophyllid Nosopsyllus (Nosopsyllus) londinensis londinensis (Rothschild) hosted by mice (Mus do-mesticus) and rats (Rattus spp) has been introduced in urban habitats in Belgium Switzerland Great Britain and in the Oceanic islands (Madeira Th e Azores) (Roth-schild 1903 Smit 1957 Mahnert 1974 Beaucournu and Launay 1990)

Figure 1343 Alien Phthiraptera (Amblycera) Gliricola porcelli male from guinea pig Cavia porcellus (Credit British Museum of Natural History London)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)838

Acknowledgements

We thank Mihaela Ilieva and Daniel Pilarska for the help in establishing the database

References

Anonymous (1994) Orchopeas howardi reported from SE London British Journal of Entomol-ogy and Natural History 7 102ndash109

Audouin-Rouzeau F (2003) Les Chemins de la Peste - Le Rat la Puce et lrsquoHomme Rennes France Presses universitaires de Rennes

Barker SC Whiting M Johnson KP Murrell A (2003) Phylogeny of the lice (Insecta Phthiraptera) inferred from small subunit rRNA Zoologica Scripta 3 407ndash414

Beaucornu JC (1972) Sur quelques ectoparasites (Siphonaptegraveres anoploures et nycteacuteribies) du Portugal Anais da Escola Nacional de Sauacutede Puacuteblica e de Medicina Tropical 6 65ndash71

Beaucornu JC (1976) Notes sur les Ceratophyllidae (Siphonaptera) de la faune franccedilaise para-sites de mammifegraveres Annales de la Socieacuteteacute Entomologique de France (NS) 12 199ndash213

Beaucornu JC (1978) Enquecircte sur les arthropodes vecteurs dans la Peacuteninsule Ibeacuterique Liste des Siphonaptegraveres Meacutedecine et maladies infectieuses 8 121ndash124

Beaucournu JC (1999) Diversiteacute des puces vectrices en fonction des foyers pesteux Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute de pathologie exotique 92 419ndash421

Beaucornu JC Alcover JA (1984) Siphonaptera from Small Terrestrial Mammals in the Pityusic Islands In Kuhbier H Alcover JA drsquoArellano Tur G (Eds) Biogeography and Ecology of the Pityusic Islands Th e Hague Dr W Junk Publisher 377ndash392

Beaucornu JC Aeschlimann A (1985) Une Puce nouvelle pour la region Paleacutearctique Occiden-tale Preacutesence en Suisse de Callopsylla gemina (Ioff 1946) (Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae) Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute Neuchacircteloise des Sciences Naturelles 108 55ndash62

Beaucournu JC Launay H (1977) Preacutesence en France drsquoune Xenopsylla selvatique X cunicula-ris Smit 1957 (Siphonoptera pulcidae) parasite du lapin de garenne Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute de Pathologie Exotique 70 299ndash301

Beaucournu JC Launay H (1990) Les puces (Siphonaptera) de France et du Bassin meacutediterraneacuteen occidental Faune de France 76 Paris Feacutedeacuteration Franccedilaise des Socieacuteteacutes de Sciences Natu-relles 548 pp

Beaucournu JC Pascal M (1998) Origine biogeacuteographique de Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc 1800) (Siphonaptera - Ceratophyllidae) et observations sur son hocircte primitif Biogeographica 74 125ndash132

Beaucournu JC Pisanu B Chapuis JL (2008) Enderleinellus tamiasis Fahrenholz 1916 (Ano-plura Enderleinellidae) espegravece importeacutee implanteacutee et nouvelle pour la faune de France Parasite 15 75ndash78

Beaucournu JC Valle M Launay H (1981) Siphonaptegraveres drsquoItalie Meacuteridionale description de cinq nouveaux taxa Rivista di Parassitologia 42 483ndash505

Bernard L Dounet G Jaujou (1947) Une eacutepideacutemie de Pest bubonique agrave Ajaccio (1945) Recueil des Travaux de lrsquoInstitut National drsquoHygiegravene de Paris 3 355ndash375

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 839

Bordeau W (2008) Phtiriose agrave Gliricola porcelli chez le cobaye lrsquoassociation imidaclopride-moxidectine est effi cace Sciences et Pratique 999 13ndash19

Britt D Molyneux DH (1979) Parasites of Grey Squirrels in Cheshire England Th e Journal of Parasitology 65 408

Broekhuizen S (1971) On the occurrence of hare lice Haemodipsus spp (Anoplura Hoplopleu-ridae) on hares Lepus europaeus in the Netherlands Zeitschrift fuumlr Parasitenkunde 36 158ndash168

Buumlttiker W Mahnert V (1978) Vorlaumlufi ge Liste der Anoplura (Insecta der Schweiz) Mitteilun-gen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 51 299ndash306

Cartana Castella P Gil Collado J (1934) Estudio de la ratas y de sus ectoparasitos en ocasion del brote epidemico de peste en Barcelona en 1931 Madrid Commission Permanente de Inves-tigaciones sanitarias 316 pp

Clay T (1938) A revision of the genera and species of Mallophaga occuring on gallinaceous hasts Part 1 Lipeurus and related genera Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (D) 108 109ndash204

Cummings BF (1916) Studies on the Anoplura and Mallophaga being a report upon a col-lection from the Mammals and Dirds in the Societyrsquos gardens Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 253ndash295

Dale CW (1878) Th e History of Glanvillersquos Wootton in the county of Dorset including its zoology and botany London 392 pp

Dansie O Cooke A Farrell L (1983) Muntjac and Chinese Water Deer London Th e British Deer Society 43pp

Denny H (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae or an Essay on the British species of para-sitic insects belonging to the order Anoplura of Leach London Bohn 263 pp

Dlabola J (Ed) (1977) Check-list of Czechoslo vak Insects I Praha Naacuterodniacute Muzeum 160 ppDonisthorpe H (1925) Insects in the nest of the grey squirrel Entomologistrsquos Record 37 163Durden LA Musser GG (1994) Th e sucking lice (Insecta Anoplura) of the world a taxonomic

checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 218 1ndash90

Fauna Italia (2003) Families Anoploura Mallophaga Siphonaptera available at [httpwwwfaunaitaliaitchecklistinvertebratesfamilies] last update December 3 2003

Galli- Valerio B (1900) Sur les puces drsquoArvicola nivalis Archives de Parasitologie 3 96ndash101Geiter O Homma S Kinzelbach R (2002) Bestandsaufnahme und Bewertung von Neozoen in

Deutschland Berlin Umweltbundesamt 25 1ndash173Giles GM (1905) Pulex cheopis Rothschild in England Entomologistrsquos Monthly Magazine 41

139Gomez MS Gallego J Bernat G (1987) Observaciones sobre la fauna de anopluros paraacutesitos de

micromamiacuteferos de la regioacuten catalana (Espantildea) Revista iberica de parasitologiacutea 47 81ndash87 Hellenthal RA Price RD Palma RL (2004) Chewing Lice of Belgium httpbch-cbdnaturals-

ciencesbebelgiumbiodiversityfaunafl orahabitatsbelchewinglicepdfHimonas CA Liakos VD (1989) Field trial of cypermethrin against lice infestation in goats

Th e Veterinary Record 125 420ndash421

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 837

found sporadically in port areas and elsewhere eg it was recorded from Wales in the 1950s (Hopkins and Rotschild 1953) Th e third species Nosopsyllus fasciatus is a temperate species from Asia Rat fl eas are also able to feed on other mammals including humans to which they can transmit the bubonic plague by carrying the bacteria Yersinia pestis (Audouin-Rouzeau 2003) Xenopsylla cheopis is also a vector of another human disease the murine typhus fever caused by the bacteria Rickett-sia typhi (Beaucournu and Launay 1990) Th e North American species Orchopeas howardi is found on the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) an invasive rodent in Europe (Keymer 1983)

In addition a rabbit fl ea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale) can be considered as alien in Europe probably originating with its host from the Iberian Peninsula It has invaded a large part of Western and Central Europe (Soledad Gomez Lopez 2005) It is the principal vector of rabbit myxomatosis a disease which was deliberately introduced from South America into Europe in 1952 in order to control rabbit populations (Beau-cournu and Launay 1990) Another fl ea of Mediterranean origin the ceratophyllid Nosopsyllus (Nosopsyllus) londinensis londinensis (Rothschild) hosted by mice (Mus do-mesticus) and rats (Rattus spp) has been introduced in urban habitats in Belgium Switzerland Great Britain and in the Oceanic islands (Madeira Th e Azores) (Roth-schild 1903 Smit 1957 Mahnert 1974 Beaucournu and Launay 1990)

Figure 1343 Alien Phthiraptera (Amblycera) Gliricola porcelli male from guinea pig Cavia porcellus (Credit British Museum of Natural History London)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)838

Acknowledgements

We thank Mihaela Ilieva and Daniel Pilarska for the help in establishing the database

References

Anonymous (1994) Orchopeas howardi reported from SE London British Journal of Entomol-ogy and Natural History 7 102ndash109

Audouin-Rouzeau F (2003) Les Chemins de la Peste - Le Rat la Puce et lrsquoHomme Rennes France Presses universitaires de Rennes

Barker SC Whiting M Johnson KP Murrell A (2003) Phylogeny of the lice (Insecta Phthiraptera) inferred from small subunit rRNA Zoologica Scripta 3 407ndash414

Beaucornu JC (1972) Sur quelques ectoparasites (Siphonaptegraveres anoploures et nycteacuteribies) du Portugal Anais da Escola Nacional de Sauacutede Puacuteblica e de Medicina Tropical 6 65ndash71

Beaucornu JC (1976) Notes sur les Ceratophyllidae (Siphonaptera) de la faune franccedilaise para-sites de mammifegraveres Annales de la Socieacuteteacute Entomologique de France (NS) 12 199ndash213

Beaucornu JC (1978) Enquecircte sur les arthropodes vecteurs dans la Peacuteninsule Ibeacuterique Liste des Siphonaptegraveres Meacutedecine et maladies infectieuses 8 121ndash124

Beaucournu JC (1999) Diversiteacute des puces vectrices en fonction des foyers pesteux Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute de pathologie exotique 92 419ndash421

Beaucornu JC Alcover JA (1984) Siphonaptera from Small Terrestrial Mammals in the Pityusic Islands In Kuhbier H Alcover JA drsquoArellano Tur G (Eds) Biogeography and Ecology of the Pityusic Islands Th e Hague Dr W Junk Publisher 377ndash392

Beaucornu JC Aeschlimann A (1985) Une Puce nouvelle pour la region Paleacutearctique Occiden-tale Preacutesence en Suisse de Callopsylla gemina (Ioff 1946) (Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae) Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute Neuchacircteloise des Sciences Naturelles 108 55ndash62

Beaucournu JC Launay H (1977) Preacutesence en France drsquoune Xenopsylla selvatique X cunicula-ris Smit 1957 (Siphonoptera pulcidae) parasite du lapin de garenne Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute de Pathologie Exotique 70 299ndash301

Beaucournu JC Launay H (1990) Les puces (Siphonaptera) de France et du Bassin meacutediterraneacuteen occidental Faune de France 76 Paris Feacutedeacuteration Franccedilaise des Socieacuteteacutes de Sciences Natu-relles 548 pp

Beaucournu JC Pascal M (1998) Origine biogeacuteographique de Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc 1800) (Siphonaptera - Ceratophyllidae) et observations sur son hocircte primitif Biogeographica 74 125ndash132

Beaucournu JC Pisanu B Chapuis JL (2008) Enderleinellus tamiasis Fahrenholz 1916 (Ano-plura Enderleinellidae) espegravece importeacutee implanteacutee et nouvelle pour la faune de France Parasite 15 75ndash78

Beaucournu JC Valle M Launay H (1981) Siphonaptegraveres drsquoItalie Meacuteridionale description de cinq nouveaux taxa Rivista di Parassitologia 42 483ndash505

Bernard L Dounet G Jaujou (1947) Une eacutepideacutemie de Pest bubonique agrave Ajaccio (1945) Recueil des Travaux de lrsquoInstitut National drsquoHygiegravene de Paris 3 355ndash375

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 839

Bordeau W (2008) Phtiriose agrave Gliricola porcelli chez le cobaye lrsquoassociation imidaclopride-moxidectine est effi cace Sciences et Pratique 999 13ndash19

Britt D Molyneux DH (1979) Parasites of Grey Squirrels in Cheshire England Th e Journal of Parasitology 65 408

Broekhuizen S (1971) On the occurrence of hare lice Haemodipsus spp (Anoplura Hoplopleu-ridae) on hares Lepus europaeus in the Netherlands Zeitschrift fuumlr Parasitenkunde 36 158ndash168

Buumlttiker W Mahnert V (1978) Vorlaumlufi ge Liste der Anoplura (Insecta der Schweiz) Mitteilun-gen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 51 299ndash306

Cartana Castella P Gil Collado J (1934) Estudio de la ratas y de sus ectoparasitos en ocasion del brote epidemico de peste en Barcelona en 1931 Madrid Commission Permanente de Inves-tigaciones sanitarias 316 pp

Clay T (1938) A revision of the genera and species of Mallophaga occuring on gallinaceous hasts Part 1 Lipeurus and related genera Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (D) 108 109ndash204

Cummings BF (1916) Studies on the Anoplura and Mallophaga being a report upon a col-lection from the Mammals and Dirds in the Societyrsquos gardens Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 253ndash295

Dale CW (1878) Th e History of Glanvillersquos Wootton in the county of Dorset including its zoology and botany London 392 pp

Dansie O Cooke A Farrell L (1983) Muntjac and Chinese Water Deer London Th e British Deer Society 43pp

Denny H (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae or an Essay on the British species of para-sitic insects belonging to the order Anoplura of Leach London Bohn 263 pp

Dlabola J (Ed) (1977) Check-list of Czechoslo vak Insects I Praha Naacuterodniacute Muzeum 160 ppDonisthorpe H (1925) Insects in the nest of the grey squirrel Entomologistrsquos Record 37 163Durden LA Musser GG (1994) Th e sucking lice (Insecta Anoplura) of the world a taxonomic

checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 218 1ndash90

Fauna Italia (2003) Families Anoploura Mallophaga Siphonaptera available at [httpwwwfaunaitaliaitchecklistinvertebratesfamilies] last update December 3 2003

Galli- Valerio B (1900) Sur les puces drsquoArvicola nivalis Archives de Parasitologie 3 96ndash101Geiter O Homma S Kinzelbach R (2002) Bestandsaufnahme und Bewertung von Neozoen in

Deutschland Berlin Umweltbundesamt 25 1ndash173Giles GM (1905) Pulex cheopis Rothschild in England Entomologistrsquos Monthly Magazine 41

139Gomez MS Gallego J Bernat G (1987) Observaciones sobre la fauna de anopluros paraacutesitos de

micromamiacuteferos de la regioacuten catalana (Espantildea) Revista iberica de parasitologiacutea 47 81ndash87 Hellenthal RA Price RD Palma RL (2004) Chewing Lice of Belgium httpbch-cbdnaturals-

ciencesbebelgiumbiodiversityfaunafl orahabitatsbelchewinglicepdfHimonas CA Liakos VD (1989) Field trial of cypermethrin against lice infestation in goats

Th e Veterinary Record 125 420ndash421

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)838

Acknowledgements

We thank Mihaela Ilieva and Daniel Pilarska for the help in establishing the database

References

Anonymous (1994) Orchopeas howardi reported from SE London British Journal of Entomol-ogy and Natural History 7 102ndash109

Audouin-Rouzeau F (2003) Les Chemins de la Peste - Le Rat la Puce et lrsquoHomme Rennes France Presses universitaires de Rennes

Barker SC Whiting M Johnson KP Murrell A (2003) Phylogeny of the lice (Insecta Phthiraptera) inferred from small subunit rRNA Zoologica Scripta 3 407ndash414

Beaucornu JC (1972) Sur quelques ectoparasites (Siphonaptegraveres anoploures et nycteacuteribies) du Portugal Anais da Escola Nacional de Sauacutede Puacuteblica e de Medicina Tropical 6 65ndash71

Beaucornu JC (1976) Notes sur les Ceratophyllidae (Siphonaptera) de la faune franccedilaise para-sites de mammifegraveres Annales de la Socieacuteteacute Entomologique de France (NS) 12 199ndash213

Beaucornu JC (1978) Enquecircte sur les arthropodes vecteurs dans la Peacuteninsule Ibeacuterique Liste des Siphonaptegraveres Meacutedecine et maladies infectieuses 8 121ndash124

Beaucournu JC (1999) Diversiteacute des puces vectrices en fonction des foyers pesteux Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute de pathologie exotique 92 419ndash421

Beaucornu JC Alcover JA (1984) Siphonaptera from Small Terrestrial Mammals in the Pityusic Islands In Kuhbier H Alcover JA drsquoArellano Tur G (Eds) Biogeography and Ecology of the Pityusic Islands Th e Hague Dr W Junk Publisher 377ndash392

Beaucornu JC Aeschlimann A (1985) Une Puce nouvelle pour la region Paleacutearctique Occiden-tale Preacutesence en Suisse de Callopsylla gemina (Ioff 1946) (Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae) Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute Neuchacircteloise des Sciences Naturelles 108 55ndash62

Beaucournu JC Launay H (1977) Preacutesence en France drsquoune Xenopsylla selvatique X cunicula-ris Smit 1957 (Siphonoptera pulcidae) parasite du lapin de garenne Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute de Pathologie Exotique 70 299ndash301

Beaucournu JC Launay H (1990) Les puces (Siphonaptera) de France et du Bassin meacutediterraneacuteen occidental Faune de France 76 Paris Feacutedeacuteration Franccedilaise des Socieacuteteacutes de Sciences Natu-relles 548 pp

Beaucournu JC Pascal M (1998) Origine biogeacuteographique de Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc 1800) (Siphonaptera - Ceratophyllidae) et observations sur son hocircte primitif Biogeographica 74 125ndash132

Beaucournu JC Pisanu B Chapuis JL (2008) Enderleinellus tamiasis Fahrenholz 1916 (Ano-plura Enderleinellidae) espegravece importeacutee implanteacutee et nouvelle pour la faune de France Parasite 15 75ndash78

Beaucournu JC Valle M Launay H (1981) Siphonaptegraveres drsquoItalie Meacuteridionale description de cinq nouveaux taxa Rivista di Parassitologia 42 483ndash505

Bernard L Dounet G Jaujou (1947) Une eacutepideacutemie de Pest bubonique agrave Ajaccio (1945) Recueil des Travaux de lrsquoInstitut National drsquoHygiegravene de Paris 3 355ndash375

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 839

Bordeau W (2008) Phtiriose agrave Gliricola porcelli chez le cobaye lrsquoassociation imidaclopride-moxidectine est effi cace Sciences et Pratique 999 13ndash19

Britt D Molyneux DH (1979) Parasites of Grey Squirrels in Cheshire England Th e Journal of Parasitology 65 408

Broekhuizen S (1971) On the occurrence of hare lice Haemodipsus spp (Anoplura Hoplopleu-ridae) on hares Lepus europaeus in the Netherlands Zeitschrift fuumlr Parasitenkunde 36 158ndash168

Buumlttiker W Mahnert V (1978) Vorlaumlufi ge Liste der Anoplura (Insecta der Schweiz) Mitteilun-gen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 51 299ndash306

Cartana Castella P Gil Collado J (1934) Estudio de la ratas y de sus ectoparasitos en ocasion del brote epidemico de peste en Barcelona en 1931 Madrid Commission Permanente de Inves-tigaciones sanitarias 316 pp

Clay T (1938) A revision of the genera and species of Mallophaga occuring on gallinaceous hasts Part 1 Lipeurus and related genera Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (D) 108 109ndash204

Cummings BF (1916) Studies on the Anoplura and Mallophaga being a report upon a col-lection from the Mammals and Dirds in the Societyrsquos gardens Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 253ndash295

Dale CW (1878) Th e History of Glanvillersquos Wootton in the county of Dorset including its zoology and botany London 392 pp

Dansie O Cooke A Farrell L (1983) Muntjac and Chinese Water Deer London Th e British Deer Society 43pp

Denny H (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae or an Essay on the British species of para-sitic insects belonging to the order Anoplura of Leach London Bohn 263 pp

Dlabola J (Ed) (1977) Check-list of Czechoslo vak Insects I Praha Naacuterodniacute Muzeum 160 ppDonisthorpe H (1925) Insects in the nest of the grey squirrel Entomologistrsquos Record 37 163Durden LA Musser GG (1994) Th e sucking lice (Insecta Anoplura) of the world a taxonomic

checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 218 1ndash90

Fauna Italia (2003) Families Anoploura Mallophaga Siphonaptera available at [httpwwwfaunaitaliaitchecklistinvertebratesfamilies] last update December 3 2003

Galli- Valerio B (1900) Sur les puces drsquoArvicola nivalis Archives de Parasitologie 3 96ndash101Geiter O Homma S Kinzelbach R (2002) Bestandsaufnahme und Bewertung von Neozoen in

Deutschland Berlin Umweltbundesamt 25 1ndash173Giles GM (1905) Pulex cheopis Rothschild in England Entomologistrsquos Monthly Magazine 41

139Gomez MS Gallego J Bernat G (1987) Observaciones sobre la fauna de anopluros paraacutesitos de

micromamiacuteferos de la regioacuten catalana (Espantildea) Revista iberica de parasitologiacutea 47 81ndash87 Hellenthal RA Price RD Palma RL (2004) Chewing Lice of Belgium httpbch-cbdnaturals-

ciencesbebelgiumbiodiversityfaunafl orahabitatsbelchewinglicepdfHimonas CA Liakos VD (1989) Field trial of cypermethrin against lice infestation in goats

Th e Veterinary Record 125 420ndash421

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 839

Bordeau W (2008) Phtiriose agrave Gliricola porcelli chez le cobaye lrsquoassociation imidaclopride-moxidectine est effi cace Sciences et Pratique 999 13ndash19

Britt D Molyneux DH (1979) Parasites of Grey Squirrels in Cheshire England Th e Journal of Parasitology 65 408

Broekhuizen S (1971) On the occurrence of hare lice Haemodipsus spp (Anoplura Hoplopleu-ridae) on hares Lepus europaeus in the Netherlands Zeitschrift fuumlr Parasitenkunde 36 158ndash168

Buumlttiker W Mahnert V (1978) Vorlaumlufi ge Liste der Anoplura (Insecta der Schweiz) Mitteilun-gen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 51 299ndash306

Cartana Castella P Gil Collado J (1934) Estudio de la ratas y de sus ectoparasitos en ocasion del brote epidemico de peste en Barcelona en 1931 Madrid Commission Permanente de Inves-tigaciones sanitarias 316 pp

Clay T (1938) A revision of the genera and species of Mallophaga occuring on gallinaceous hasts Part 1 Lipeurus and related genera Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (D) 108 109ndash204

Cummings BF (1916) Studies on the Anoplura and Mallophaga being a report upon a col-lection from the Mammals and Dirds in the Societyrsquos gardens Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 253ndash295

Dale CW (1878) Th e History of Glanvillersquos Wootton in the county of Dorset including its zoology and botany London 392 pp

Dansie O Cooke A Farrell L (1983) Muntjac and Chinese Water Deer London Th e British Deer Society 43pp

Denny H (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae or an Essay on the British species of para-sitic insects belonging to the order Anoplura of Leach London Bohn 263 pp

Dlabola J (Ed) (1977) Check-list of Czechoslo vak Insects I Praha Naacuterodniacute Muzeum 160 ppDonisthorpe H (1925) Insects in the nest of the grey squirrel Entomologistrsquos Record 37 163Durden LA Musser GG (1994) Th e sucking lice (Insecta Anoplura) of the world a taxonomic

checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 218 1ndash90

Fauna Italia (2003) Families Anoploura Mallophaga Siphonaptera available at [httpwwwfaunaitaliaitchecklistinvertebratesfamilies] last update December 3 2003

Galli- Valerio B (1900) Sur les puces drsquoArvicola nivalis Archives de Parasitologie 3 96ndash101Geiter O Homma S Kinzelbach R (2002) Bestandsaufnahme und Bewertung von Neozoen in

Deutschland Berlin Umweltbundesamt 25 1ndash173Giles GM (1905) Pulex cheopis Rothschild in England Entomologistrsquos Monthly Magazine 41

139Gomez MS Gallego J Bernat G (1987) Observaciones sobre la fauna de anopluros paraacutesitos de

micromamiacuteferos de la regioacuten catalana (Espantildea) Revista iberica de parasitologiacutea 47 81ndash87 Hellenthal RA Price RD Palma RL (2004) Chewing Lice of Belgium httpbch-cbdnaturals-

ciencesbebelgiumbiodiversityfaunafl orahabitatsbelchewinglicepdfHimonas CA Liakos VD (1989) Field trial of cypermethrin against lice infestation in goats

Th e Veterinary Record 125 420ndash421

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)840

Hopkins GHE Rothschild M (1953) An illustrated catalogue of the Rothschild collection of fl eas (Siphonaptera) in the British Museum (Natural History) VolI Tungidae Pulicidae London Th e Trustees of the British Museum

Ilieva M (2009) Checklist of the chewing lice (Insecta Phthiraptera) from wild birds in Bul-garia Zootaxa 2138 1ndash66

Ilvento A (1913) Hygienische Beobachtungen uumlber Ratten und Pestprophylaxie im Hafen von Palermo (1906ndash1910) Archiven fuumlr Schiff s-und Tropen- Hygiene 17 404ndash413

Kenis M (2005) Insects-Insecta In Wittenberg R (Ed) An inventory of alien species and their threat to biodiversity and economy in Switzerland Deacutelemont CABI Bioscience Switzerland 131ndash212

Keymer IF (1983) Diseases of squirrels in Britain Mammal Review 13 155ndash158Kopocinski B Lonc E Modrzejewska M (1998) Fitting a bivariate negative binomial model

to the distribution of bird lice (Phthiraptera Mallophaga) parasitizing the pheasant (Pha-sianus colchicus L) Acta Parasitologica 43 81ndash85

Krause AH (1911) Beitrage zur kenntnis der insektenfauna Sardiniens Entomologische Rund-schau 28 1ndash149

Laurie EMO (1946) Th e coypu (Myocastor coypus) in Great Britain Journal of Animal Ecology 15 22ndash34

Lavier G (1921) Les parasites des Inverteacutebreacutes heacutematophages parasites qui leur sont propres parasites qursquoils transmettent aux Verteacutebreacutes Paris Vigot 218 pp

Mahnert V (1974) Quelques parasites (Anoploures Siphonaptegraveres) de micromammifegraveres nou-veaux pour la reacutegion de Genegraveve Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute Entomologique Suisse 47 327ndash330

Mey E (1988) Uebersicht uumlber die Saumlugtiere-Mallophagen Europas Angewandte Parasitologie 29 113ndash126

Mey E (2005) Fauna Europaea Phthiraptera Available at [httpwwwfaunaeurorg] Retrieved 1502 2010

Mifsud D Borg JJ Sultana J (2008) First record of Xenopsylla gratiosa Jordan amp Rotschild 1923 from the Maltese islands (Siphonaptera Pulicidae) Bulletin of the Entomological So-ciety of Malta 1 43ndash45

Mouchet J Morel P (1957) Contribution a Irsquoeacutetude des Mallophages de France Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute Entomologique de France 62 153ndash159

Najera L (1942) La distribution geografi ca de las especies de pulgas de intereacutes epidemiologico Boletiacuten de la real Sociedad Espantildeola de Historia Natural 40 497ndash502

Newson RM Holmes RG (1968) Some Ectoparasites of the Coypu (Myocastor coypus) in Eastern England Journal of Animal Ecology 37 471ndash481

Nitzsch CL (1818) Die Familien u Gattungen der Th ierinsecten (Insecta epizoica) aIs ein Prodromus der Naturgeschichte derselben Magazin fuumlr die Entomologie Germar Zincken 3 261ndash316

OrsquoConnor JP Sleeman DP Butler FT (2005) A review of the Irish Anoploura (Insecta Phthiraptera) Irish Naturalist Journal 28 62ndash67

Paradiznik V (1989) Gliricola porcelli (L 1758) Mallophaga Amblycera on the guineapig Cavia cobaya Zbornik Biotehniske Fakultete Univerze Edvarda Kardelja v Ljubljani Veteri-narstvo 26 211ndash213

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 841

Pavlovic I Nesic D (1991) Parasite fauna in intensively farmed poultry in Serbia in 1989 Vet-erinarski Glasnik 45 390ndash394

Peus F (1963) Floumlhe aus dem Mittelmeergebiet (Siphonaptera) IV Sardinien Korsika und benachbarte kleine Inseln Beitraumlge zur Entomologie 13 429ndash438

Piaget E (1880) Les Peacutediculines Essai monographique Leyden E J Brill 714 pp Prelezov PN Koinarski VTs (2006) Species variety and population structure of Mallophaga

(Insecta Phthiraptera) on chickens in the region of Stara Zagora Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medecine 9 193ndash200

Price RD Hellenthal RA Palma RL Johnson KP Clayton DH (2003) Th e chewing lice world checklist and biological overview Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24 501 pp

Rothschild NC (1899) Irish fl eas Irish Naturalist 8(12) 266Rothschild NC (1903) A new British fl ea Ceratophyllus londiniensis Entomologistrsquos Record 15

64ndash65Schrank F von P (1781) Enumeratio Insectorum Austriae Indigenorum Vienna Austria August

Vindelicor Klett 548 pp Šefrovaacute H Laštugravevka Z (2005) Catalogue of alien animal species in the Czech Republic Acta

Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53 151ndash170Seacuteguy E (1924) Les Insectes parasites de lrsquohomme et des animaux domestiques Paris Paul Leche-

valier 422 ppSeacuteguy E (1944) Insectes Ectoparasites (Mallophages Anoploures Siphonapteacuteres) 43 Faune de

France Paris Paul Lechevalier et Fils 684 ppSilfverbeg H (1984) Mallophaga In Huldeacuten L (Ed) A Check list of the Finnish Insects Small

Orders Notulae Entomologicae 64 1ndash29 Available on httpwwwfunetfi pubscibiolifewarpinsects-fi -Finnish-listhtml

Smit FGAM (1957) Siphonaptera Handbooks for the Identifi cation of British Insects Vol 1 Part 16 London Royal Entomological Society 94 pp

Smit FGAM (1966) Insecta Helvetica I Siphonaptera Lausanne Socieacuteteacute Entomologique de Suisse 106 pp

Smith VS (2003) Lousy Phylogenies Phthiraptera Systematics and the Antiquity of Lice Ento-mologische Abhandlungen 61 150ndash151

Soledad Gomez Lopez M (2005) Fauna Europaea Siphonaptera httpwwwfaunaeurorg [ac-cessed 222 2010]

Stefański W (1970) Parazytologia weterynaryjna tom II Warszawa Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne 77 pp

Stojcevic D Mihaljevic Z Marinculic A (2004) Parasitological survey of rats in rural regions of Croatia Veterinaacuterniacute mediciacutena Czech 49 70ndash74

Sychra O Harmat P Literaacutek I (2008) Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) on chickens (Gallus gallus) from small backyard fl ocks in the eastern part of the Czech Republic Veterinary parasitology 152 344ndash348

Tanon L (1923) Le laboratoire de prophylaxie de la Peste agrave la Preacutefecture de Police Annales drsquohygiegravene publique industrielle et sociale 606ndash625

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)842

Th ompson GB (1939) A check-list and host-list of the ectoparasites recorded from British birds and mammals Part I Mammals (excluding Bats) Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 6 1ndash22

Tiraboschi C (1904) Les rats les souris et leurs parasites cutaneacutes dans leur rapport avec la propagation de la pest bubonique Archives de Parasitologie 8 161ndash349

Touleshkov K (1954) Les poux (Anoplura) ectoparasites sur les animaux domestiques et lrsquohomme Izvestiya na Zoologicheskiya Institut 3 125ndash160

Touleshkov K (1955a) Mallophaga - ectoparasites on domestic animals in Bulgaria Comptes-Rendus de lrsquoAcademie Bulgare des Sciences 8 77ndash80

Touleshkov K (1955b) Les Trichodectes (Trichodectoidea Mallophaga) ectoparasites sur les mammifegraveres de Bulgarie Izvestiya na Zoologicheskiya Institut 4 423ndash434

Touleshkov K (1957) [Mallophaga of birds of prey in Bulgaria] (in Bulgarian) Izvestiya na Zoologicheskiya Institut 6 275ndash303

Touleshkov K (1974) Mallophagen auf den Voumlgeln des Balkangebirges Izvestiya na Zoologiches-kiya Instituts Muzey 41 207ndash228

Wegner Z (1966) Wszy Anoplura Catalogus faunae Poloniae 19 (2) 1ndash32Wegner Z Eichler WD (1968) Fauna of Lice found on Hares in the Poznań province (Poland)

Biuletyn Instytutu Medycyny Morskiej w Gdansku 19 217ndash224Yvinec JH Ponel P Beaucournu JC (2000) Premiers apports archeacuteoentomologiques de lrsquoeacutetude

des puces (Insecta-Siphonaptera) aspects historiques et anthropologiques (Siphonaptera) Bulletin de la Socieacuteteacute entomologique de France 105 419ndash425

Zapatero Ramos LM Rodriacuteguez Rodriacuteguez JA Gonzaacutelez-Santiago PI (1982) Ectoparaacutesitos de Muacuteridos Ibeacutericos e Insulares Revista Ibeacuterica de Parasitologia vol extra 113ndash124

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 843

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Ph

thir

apte

ra A

nopl

ura

Ende

rlein

ellid

ae En

derle

inell

us

long

iceps

Kel

logg

amp

Fer

ris 1

915

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1979

GB

G I

2Sc

iuru

s ca

rolin

ensis

Britt

and

Mol

yneu

x (1

979)

O

rsquoCon

nor e

t al (

2005

)

Ende

rlein

ellid

aeEn

derle

inell

us

tam

iasis

Fa

hren

holz

191

6

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

(K

orea

)19

16D

E F

RG

I2

Tam

ias

sibiri

cus

Beau

cour

nu e

t al (

2008

) D

urde

n an

d M

usse

r (19

94)

Hop

lopl

eurid

aeH

o plo

pleu

ra

sciur

icola

Fer

ris

1921

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1976

GB

IEG

I2

Sciu

rus

caro

linen

sisBr

itt a

nd M

olyn

eux

(197

9)

OrsquoC

onno

r et a

l (20

05)

Lino

gnat

hida

eLi

nogn

athu

s ste

nops

is (B

urm

eiste

r 18

38)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

38BG

CH

CZ

DE

FR

GR

IT

J

Goa

t (C

apra

)Fa

una

Italia

(200

3) H

imon

as

and

Liak

os (1

989)

Pia

get (

1880

) Še

frovaacute

and

Laš

tugravevk

a (2

005)

Seacuteg

uy

(192

4 1

944)

Tou

lesh

kov(

1954

)Li

nogn

athi

dae

Solen

opot

es m

untia

cus

Th om

pson

193

8

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1983

GB

GM

untja

c de

er

(Mun

tiacu

s re

evesi

)

Dan

sie e

t al (

1983

) D

urde

n an

d M

usse

r (19

94)

Poly

plac

idae

Hae

mod

ipsu

s lyr

ioce

phal

us

(Bur

mei

ster

1839

)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

39BG

CH

CZ

DE

FI

FR

GB

IT

NL

PL

EH

ares

(O

rycto

lagu

s)Br

oekh

uize

n (1

971)

Fau

na It

alia

(2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) K

enis

(200

5) P

iage

t (18

80)

Seacutegu

y (1

924

194

4) Th

om

pson

(193

9)

Toul

eshk

ov(1

954)

Weg

ner (

1966

) W

egne

r and

Eic

hler

(196

8) B

uumlttik

er

and

Mah

nert

(197

8) Š

efro

vaacute a

nd

Laštugrave

vka

(200

5) S

ilfve

rbeg

(198

4)

Tabl

e 13

41

List

and

char

acte

ristic

s of t

he P

hthi

rapt

era

and

Siph

onat

era

spec

ies a

lien

to E

urop

e S

tatu

s A

Alie

n to

Eur

ope C

cryp

toge

nic s

peci

es C

ount

ry co

des

abbr

evia

tions

refe

r to

ISO

316

6 (s

ee a

ppen

dix

I) H

abita

t abb

revi

atio

ns re

fer t

o EU

NIS

(see

app

endi

x II

) La

st up

date

27

032

010

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 843

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Ph

thir

apte

ra A

nopl

ura

Ende

rlein

ellid

ae En

derle

inell

us

long

iceps

Kel

logg

amp

Fer

ris 1

915

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1979

GB

G I

2Sc

iuru

s ca

rolin

ensis

Britt

and

Mol

yneu

x (1

979)

O

rsquoCon

nor e

t al (

2005

)

Ende

rlein

ellid

aeEn

derle

inell

us

tam

iasis

Fa

hren

holz

191

6

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

(K

orea

)19

16D

E F

RG

I2

Tam

ias

sibiri

cus

Beau

cour

nu e

t al (

2008

) D

urde

n an

d M

usse

r (19

94)

Hop

lopl

eurid

aeH

o plo

pleu

ra

sciur

icola

Fer

ris

1921

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1976

GB

IEG

I2

Sciu

rus

caro

linen

sisBr

itt a

nd M

olyn

eux

(197

9)

OrsquoC

onno

r et a

l (20

05)

Lino

gnat

hida

eLi

nogn

athu

s ste

nops

is (B

urm

eiste

r 18

38)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

38BG

CH

CZ

DE

FR

GR

IT

J

Goa

t (C

apra

)Fa

una

Italia

(200

3) H

imon

as

and

Liak

os (1

989)

Pia

get (

1880

) Še

frovaacute

and

Laš

tugravevk

a (2

005)

Seacuteg

uy

(192

4 1

944)

Tou

lesh

kov(

1954

)Li

nogn

athi

dae

Solen

opot

es m

untia

cus

Th om

pson

193

8

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1983

GB

GM

untja

c de

er

(Mun

tiacu

s re

evesi

)

Dan

sie e

t al (

1983

) D

urde

n an

d M

usse

r (19

94)

Poly

plac

idae

Hae

mod

ipsu

s lyr

ioce

phal

us

(Bur

mei

ster

1839

)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

39BG

CH

CZ

DE

FI

FR

GB

IT

NL

PL

EH

ares

(O

rycto

lagu

s)Br

oekh

uize

n (1

971)

Fau

na It

alia

(2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) K

enis

(200

5) P

iage

t (18

80)

Seacutegu

y (1

924

194

4) Th

om

pson

(193

9)

Toul

eshk

ov(1

954)

Weg

ner (

1966

) W

egne

r and

Eic

hler

(196

8) B

uumlttik

er

and

Mah

nert

(197

8) Š

efro

vaacute a

nd

Laštugrave

vka

(200

5) S

ilfve

rbeg

(198

4)

Tabl

e 13

41

List

and

char

acte

ristic

s of t

he P

hthi

rapt

era

and

Siph

onat

era

spec

ies a

lien

to E

urop

e S

tatu

s A

Alie

n to

Eur

ope C

cryp

toge

nic s

peci

es C

ount

ry co

des

abbr

evia

tions

refe

r to

ISO

316

6 (s

ee a

ppen

dix

I) H

abita

t abb

revi

atio

ns re

fer t

o EU

NIS

(see

app

endi

x II

) La

st up

date

27

032

010

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)844

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Poly

plac

idae

Polyp

lax

spin

ulos

a (B

urm

eiste

r 18

39)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1839

BG C

H C

Z D

E

ES F

I FR

HR

PL

JR

ats(

Rattu

s sp

p)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) G

omez

et a

l (1

987)

Ken

is (2

005)

Šef

rovaacute

and

La

štugravevk

a (2

005)

Seacuteg

uy (1

944)

Si

lfver

beg

(198

4) S

tojc

evic

et a

l (2

004)

Tou

lesh

kov

(195

4)P

hth

irap

tera

Am

blyc

era

Glir

icol

idae

Glir

icola

por

celli

(S

chra

nk 1

781)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

C amp

S

Amer

ica

1781

AT B

G C

H

DE

ES

FI

FR H

U

IT P

L R

O S

I

JG

uine

a pi

gs (C

avia

po

rcell

us)

Bord

eaul

(200

8) F

auna

Ital

ia

(200

3) G

eite

r et a

l (20

02)

Ken

is (2

005)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pa

radi

znik

(198

9) P

iage

t (18

80)

Schr

ank

(178

1) S

eacuteguy

(192

4 1

944)

Toul

eshk

ov (1

955a

)G

yrop

idae

Gyr

opus

ova

lis

Burm

eiste

r 18

38 A

para

sitic

pr

edat

orC

amp S

Am

eric

a18

38AT

BG

CH

D

E

ES F

I FR

HR

H

U I

T P

L

JG

uine

a pi

gs (C

avia

po

rcell

us)

Bord

eau

(200

8) F

auna

Ital

ia

(200

3) G

eite

r et a

l (20

02)

Ken

is (2

005)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pi

aget

(188

0) S

eacuteguy

(192

4 1

944)

St

ojce

vic

et a

l (20

04)T

oule

shko

v (1

955a

)G

liric

olid

aePi

truf

quen

ia

coyp

us M

arel

li 19

32

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

C amp

S

Amer

ica

1932

AT B

E C

H

D

E G

B C

2C

oypu

(M

yoca

stor

coyp

us)

Hel

lent

hal e

t al (

2004

) K

enis

(200

5) L

aurie

(194

6) N

ewso

n an

d H

olm

es (1

968)

Men

opon

idae

Eom

enac

anth

us

stram

ineu

s (N

itzsc

h 18

18)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

18BG

DE

ES

FI

FR I

T P

L R

S

UA

E J

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus)

D

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Turk

ey

(Mele

agris

)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) Ili

eva

(200

9)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Nitz

sch

(181

8) P

avlo

vic

and

Nes

ic (1

991)

Pr

elez

ov a

nd K

oina

rski

(200

6)

Seacutegu

y (1

924

194

4)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 845

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Men

opon

idae

Hoh

orsti

ella

giga

ntea

lata

(P

iage

t 188

0)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

80BE

BG

DE

ES

FI

FR

HU

PL

RO

JC

olum

baH

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Iliev

a (2

009)

Pia

get (

1880

) Seacute

guy

(192

4

1944

) To

ules

hkov

(197

4)

Men

opon

idae

Men

opon

gal

linae

(L

175

8)C

para

sitic

pr

edat

orC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1781

BE B

G D

E E

S

FI F

R G

B H

U

IT P

L R

O R

S

UA

JD

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Turk

ey

(Mele

agris

)

Den

ny (1

842)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Iliev

a (2

009)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pa

vlov

ic a

nd N

esic

(199

1) P

igat

e (1

880)

Pre

lezo

v an

d K

oina

rski

(2

006)

Sch

rank

(178

1) S

eacuteguy

(1

924

194

4) S

ilfve

rbeg

(198

4)

Toul

eshk

ov (1

955a

)M

enop

onid

aeM

yrsid

ea

quad

rifas

ciata

(P

iage

t 18

80)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1880

BE C

Z D

E F

R

HU

IT

J

J1H

ouse

sp

arro

w

(Pas

ser

dom

esticu

s)

Hel

lent

hal e

t al (

2004

) Pi

aget

(1

880)

Šef

rovaacute

and

Laš

tugravevk

a (2

005)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

194

4)

Men

opon

idae

Neo

colp

ocep

halu

m

turb

inat

um

(Den

ny 1

842)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

42BG

DE

ES

FR

G

B H

U I

T IT

-SA

R P

L R

O

G J

Falc

ons

(Fal

co)

Col

umba

Den

ny (1

842)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) Ili

eva

(200

9) P

iage

t (18

80)

Seacutegu

y (1

944)

Tou

lesh

kov

(195

7)M

enop

onid

aeU

chid

a ph

asia

ni

(Mod

rzej

ewsk

a amp

Zlo

torz

ycka

19

77)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1998

CZ

DE

PL

E J

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus)

Šefro

vaacute a

nd L

aštugrave

vka

(200

5)

Trim

eno-

poni

dae

Trim

enop

on

hisp

idum

Bu

rmei

ster

1838

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

C amp

S

Amer

ica

1966

AT C

H

DE

FR

FI

HU

PL

JG

uine

a pi

gs (C

avia

po

rcell

us)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) K

enis

(200

5)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Ph

thir

apte

ra

Isch

noce

raBo

vico

liida

eBo

vico

la

(Bov

icola

) ovi

s (S

chra

nk 1

781)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

16BE

BG

CZ

ES

FI

FR

GB

HU

IT

LT

NL

PL

RO

JSh

eep

(Ovi

s)C

umm

ings

(191

6) H

elle

ntha

l et

al (2

004)

Šef

rovaacute

and

Laš

tugravevk

a (2

005)

Seacuteg

uy (1

944)

Silf

verb

eg

(198

4) T

oule

shko

v (1

955b

)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)846

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Gon

iodi

dae

Che

lopi

stes

mele

agrid

is (L

inna

eus

1758

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1877

CZ

DE

ES

FI

FR H

U I

T N

L

PL P

T R

O

J1 G

Wild

and

do

mes

ticat

ed

Turk

ey

(Mele

agris

)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) M

ouch

et a

nd

Mor

el (1

957)

Pia

get (

1880

) Še

frovaacute

an

d La

štugravevk

a (2

005)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

19

44)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

ioco

tes

chry

soce

phal

us

Gie

bel 1

874

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

74BE

DE

FR

HU

IT

NL

PL

RO

ES

E J

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

spp

)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Piag

et (1

880)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

194

4)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

ioco

tes

galli

nae (

De

Gee

r 17

78)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

80BE

BG

DE

ES

FI

FR

HU

IT

PL

RS

UA

JD

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pa

vlov

ic a

nd N

esic

(199

1) P

iage

t (1

880)

Pre

lezo

v an

d K

oina

rski

(2

006)

Seacuteg

uy (1

944)

Tou

lesh

kov

(195

5a)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

iode

s pav

onis

(Lin

naeu

s 17

58)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

92BG

DE

FI

FR

HU

IT

PL

RO

J

Indi

an

Peaf

owl

(Pav

o cr

istat

us)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) Fa

una

Italia

(2

003)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

194

4)

Toul

eshk

ov (1

955a

)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

ioco

tes

recta

ngul

atus

N

itzsc

h 1

818

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

18D

E H

U R

OJ

Hel

met

ed

Gui

nea

Fow

l (N

umid

a m

eleag

ris)

Indi

an

Peaf

owl

(Pav

o cr

istat

us)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) N

itzsc

h (1

818)

Pi

aget

(188

0)

Gon

iodi

dae

Sten

ocro

taph

us

giga

s (T

asch

enbe

rg

1879

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Trop

ical

su

b-tro

pica

l

1924

BE B

G D

E E

S

FR G

B IT

PL

J1D

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Turk

ey

(Mele

agris

)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Ilie

va (2

009)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5a)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 847

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Gon

iodi

dae

Zlot

orzy

ckell

a co

lchici

(D

enny

184

2)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1977

BE C

Z D

E E

S

IT P

L R

O

G I

2Ph

easa

nt

(Pha

sianu

s)D

labo

la (1

977)

Hel

lent

hal e

t al

(200

4)

Philo

pter

idae

Cuc

loto

gaste

r he

tero

grap

ha

(Nitz

sch

in

Gie

bel 1

866)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

76BE

BG

DE

ES

FI

FR

HU

IT

N

L P

L R

OU

A

JD

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pia

get

(188

0) S

eacuteguy

(192

4 1

944)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5a)

Philo

pter

idae

Lago

poec

us

colch

icus

Emer

son

194

9

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1989

BE C

Z D

E P

LG

I2

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

colch

icus)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Šef

rovaacute

and

Laš

tugravevk

a (2

005)

Philo

pter

idae

Lipe

urus

m

acul

osus

C

lay

1938

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1938

BE C

Z D

E G

B

HU

IT

PL

RO

G

I2

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

colch

icus)

Pa

rtrid

ge

(Per

drix

pe

rdrix

)

Cla

y (1

938)

Dla

bola

(197

7) F

auna

Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Philo

pter

idae

Retic

ulip

euru

s (=

Oxy

lipeu

rus)

polyt

rape

zius

(B

urm

eiste

r 18

38)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

80BG

DE

FR

IT

JTu

rkey

(M

eleag

ris)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) M

ouch

et a

nd M

orel

(195

7)

Piag

et (1

880)

Seacuteg

uy (1

944)

Tric

hode

ctid

aeTr

ichod

ecte

s (S

tach

iella

) oc

tom

acul

atus

Pa

ine

1912

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nAT

BE

CH

D

E F9

Rac

coon

(P

rocy

on

loto

r)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Ken

is (2

005)

Tric

hode

ctid

aeTr

ichod

ecte

s (T

richo

decte

s) ca

nis (

De

Gee

r 17

78)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

clt1

880

BE B

G D

E E

S

FI F

R I

T P

L J

Dog

s (C

anis

dom

esticu

s)Fa

una

Italia

(200

3) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pi

aget

(188

0) S

eacuteguy

(192

4 1

944)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5b)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)848

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Sip

ho

nap

tera

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Cal

lops

ylla

(Gem

inop

sylla

) ge

min

a (I

off

1946

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1985

CH

J1M

an

(Col

omba

liv

ia in

the

nativ

e ra

nge)

Beau

corn

u an

d Ae

schl

iman

n (1

985)

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Lept

opsy

lla

(Lep

tops

ylla)

seg

nis (

Schouml

nher

r 18

11)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

11AL

AD

AT

BA

BE

BG

CH

CY

C

Z D

E D

K

EE E

S E

S-BA

L

ES-C

AN F

I FOuml

FR

FR

-CO

R

GR

GR

-CR

E

GR

_NEG

GR

-SE

G G

B H

R

HU

IE

IS I

T

IT-S

AR I

T-SI

C

LI L

T L

U M

D

MK

MT

NL

PL

PT

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

RO

SK

J1 J

2M

us

dom

esticu

s Ra

ttus r

attu

s an

d ot

her

Mur

idae

( fur

fl e

as)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) D

ale

(187

8) R

otsc

hild

(189

9) S

oled

ad

Gom

ez L

opez

(200

9) S

tojc

evic

et

al (2

004)

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Nos

opsy

llus

(Nos

opsy

llus)

fasci

atus

(Bos

c dA

ntic

180

0)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

- Te

mpe

-ra

te

1900

AT B

E C

H C

Z

DE

DK

ES

ES

-BAL

FOuml

FR

FR

-CO

R G

B

GR

HU

IE

IT

IT-S

AR I

T-SI

C

LT L

U M

E M

T

NL

PL

PT

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

RO

RS

SK

EJ

Rattu

s spp

Ap

odem

us

spp

Mus

sp

p a

nd

othe

r M

urid

ae

Beau

corn

u (1

972

197

6 1

978)

Be

auco

rnu

and

Alco

ver (

1984

) Be

auco

rnu

and

Laun

ay (1

990)

Be

auco

rnu

and

Pasc

al (1

998)

Gal

li-Va

lerio

(190

0) K

raus

e (1

911)

M

ifsud

et a

l (20

08)

Peus

(196

3)

Smit

(195

7 1

966)

Sol

edad

Gom

ez

Lope

z (20

09)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 849

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Orc

hope

as

how

ardi

Bak

er

1895

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1800

GB

IEG

X11

Sciu

rus

caro

linen

sis

(gre

y sq

uirr

el)

Clet

hrio

-no

mys

gl

areo

lus

Glis

glis

D

ama

dam

a

Vulp

es vu

lpes

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Anon

ymou

s (19

94)D

onist

horp

e (1

925)

Pulic

idae

Euho

plop

syllu

s gl

acia

lis a

ffi ni

s (B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1977

FR I

T

E F

Gco

ttont

ail

rabb

it Sy

lvila

gus

fl orid

anus

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(197

7)

Beau

corn

u et

al (

1981

) Fa

una

Italia

(2

003)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a br

asili

ensis

(B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a19

42ES

-CAN

GB

J1Ra

ttus s

pp

vect

or o

f pl

ague

and

m

urin

e ty

phus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0)

Hop

kins

and

Rot

schi

ld (1

953)

N

ajer

a (1

942)

Sm

it (1

957)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a ch

eopi

s che

opis

(Rot

hsch

ild

1903

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a(

Nile

re

gion

)

1904

DE

ES

ES-

CAN

FR

FR

-CO

R

GB

GR

HU

IE

IT

-SIC

IT

MT

PL

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

PT

RU

J1Ra

ttus

norv

egicu

s R

rattu

s hu

man

s M

us

mus

culu

s ve

ctor

of

plag

ue

Bern

ard

et a

l (19

47)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) C

arta

na C

aste

lla a

nd

Gil-

Col

lado

(193

4) G

iles (

1905

) Ilv

ento

(191

3) L

avie

r (19

21)

Naj

era

(194

2) S

eacuteguy

(192

4)

Tano

n (1

923)

Tira

bosc

hi (1

904)

Za

pate

ro-R

amos

et a

l (19

82)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 845

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Men

opon

idae

Hoh

orsti

ella

giga

ntea

lata

(P

iage

t 188

0)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

80BE

BG

DE

ES

FI

FR

HU

PL

RO

JC

olum

baH

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Iliev

a (2

009)

Pia

get (

1880

) Seacute

guy

(192

4

1944

) To

ules

hkov

(197

4)

Men

opon

idae

Men

opon

gal

linae

(L

175

8)C

para

sitic

pr

edat

orC

rypt

o-ge

nic

1781

BE B

G D

E E

S

FI F

R G

B H

U

IT P

L R

O R

S

UA

JD

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Turk

ey

(Mele

agris

)

Den

ny (1

842)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Iliev

a (2

009)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pa

vlov

ic a

nd N

esic

(199

1) P

igat

e (1

880)

Pre

lezo

v an

d K

oina

rski

(2

006)

Sch

rank

(178

1) S

eacuteguy

(1

924

194

4) S

ilfve

rbeg

(198

4)

Toul

eshk

ov (1

955a

)M

enop

onid

aeM

yrsid

ea

quad

rifas

ciata

(P

iage

t 18

80)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1880

BE C

Z D

E F

R

HU

IT

J

J1H

ouse

sp

arro

w

(Pas

ser

dom

esticu

s)

Hel

lent

hal e

t al (

2004

) Pi

aget

(1

880)

Šef

rovaacute

and

Laš

tugravevk

a (2

005)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

194

4)

Men

opon

idae

Neo

colp

ocep

halu

m

turb

inat

um

(Den

ny 1

842)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

42BG

DE

ES

FR

G

B H

U I

T IT

-SA

R P

L R

O

G J

Falc

ons

(Fal

co)

Col

umba

Den

ny (1

842)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) Ili

eva

(200

9) P

iage

t (18

80)

Seacutegu

y (1

944)

Tou

lesh

kov

(195

7)M

enop

onid

aeU

chid

a ph

asia

ni

(Mod

rzej

ewsk

a amp

Zlo

torz

ycka

19

77)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1998

CZ

DE

PL

E J

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus)

Šefro

vaacute a

nd L

aštugrave

vka

(200

5)

Trim

eno-

poni

dae

Trim

enop

on

hisp

idum

Bu

rmei

ster

1838

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

C amp

S

Amer

ica

1966

AT C

H

DE

FR

FI

HU

PL

JG

uine

a pi

gs (C

avia

po

rcell

us)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) K

enis

(200

5)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Ph

thir

apte

ra

Isch

noce

raBo

vico

liida

eBo

vico

la

(Bov

icola

) ovi

s (S

chra

nk 1

781)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c19

16BE

BG

CZ

ES

FI

FR

GB

HU

IT

LT

NL

PL

RO

JSh

eep

(Ovi

s)C

umm

ings

(191

6) H

elle

ntha

l et

al (2

004)

Šef

rovaacute

and

Laš

tugravevk

a (2

005)

Seacuteg

uy (1

944)

Silf

verb

eg

(198

4) T

oule

shko

v (1

955b

)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)846

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Gon

iodi

dae

Che

lopi

stes

mele

agrid

is (L

inna

eus

1758

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1877

CZ

DE

ES

FI

FR H

U I

T N

L

PL P

T R

O

J1 G

Wild

and

do

mes

ticat

ed

Turk

ey

(Mele

agris

)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) M

ouch

et a

nd

Mor

el (1

957)

Pia

get (

1880

) Še

frovaacute

an

d La

štugravevk

a (2

005)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

19

44)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

ioco

tes

chry

soce

phal

us

Gie

bel 1

874

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

74BE

DE

FR

HU

IT

NL

PL

RO

ES

E J

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

spp

)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Piag

et (1

880)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

194

4)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

ioco

tes

galli

nae (

De

Gee

r 17

78)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

80BE

BG

DE

ES

FI

FR

HU

IT

PL

RS

UA

JD

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pa

vlov

ic a

nd N

esic

(199

1) P

iage

t (1

880)

Pre

lezo

v an

d K

oina

rski

(2

006)

Seacuteg

uy (1

944)

Tou

lesh

kov

(195

5a)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

iode

s pav

onis

(Lin

naeu

s 17

58)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

92BG

DE

FI

FR

HU

IT

PL

RO

J

Indi

an

Peaf

owl

(Pav

o cr

istat

us)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) Fa

una

Italia

(2

003)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

194

4)

Toul

eshk

ov (1

955a

)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

ioco

tes

recta

ngul

atus

N

itzsc

h 1

818

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

18D

E H

U R

OJ

Hel

met

ed

Gui

nea

Fow

l (N

umid

a m

eleag

ris)

Indi

an

Peaf

owl

(Pav

o cr

istat

us)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) N

itzsc

h (1

818)

Pi

aget

(188

0)

Gon

iodi

dae

Sten

ocro

taph

us

giga

s (T

asch

enbe

rg

1879

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Trop

ical

su

b-tro

pica

l

1924

BE B

G D

E E

S

FR G

B IT

PL

J1D

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Turk

ey

(Mele

agris

)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Ilie

va (2

009)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5a)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 847

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Gon

iodi

dae

Zlot

orzy

ckell

a co

lchici

(D

enny

184

2)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1977

BE C

Z D

E E

S

IT P

L R

O

G I

2Ph

easa

nt

(Pha

sianu

s)D

labo

la (1

977)

Hel

lent

hal e

t al

(200

4)

Philo

pter

idae

Cuc

loto

gaste

r he

tero

grap

ha

(Nitz

sch

in

Gie

bel 1

866)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

76BE

BG

DE

ES

FI

FR

HU

IT

N

L P

L R

OU

A

JD

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pia

get

(188

0) S

eacuteguy

(192

4 1

944)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5a)

Philo

pter

idae

Lago

poec

us

colch

icus

Emer

son

194

9

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1989

BE C

Z D

E P

LG

I2

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

colch

icus)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Šef

rovaacute

and

Laš

tugravevk

a (2

005)

Philo

pter

idae

Lipe

urus

m

acul

osus

C

lay

1938

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1938

BE C

Z D

E G

B

HU

IT

PL

RO

G

I2

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

colch

icus)

Pa

rtrid

ge

(Per

drix

pe

rdrix

)

Cla

y (1

938)

Dla

bola

(197

7) F

auna

Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Philo

pter

idae

Retic

ulip

euru

s (=

Oxy

lipeu

rus)

polyt

rape

zius

(B

urm

eiste

r 18

38)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

80BG

DE

FR

IT

JTu

rkey

(M

eleag

ris)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) M

ouch

et a

nd M

orel

(195

7)

Piag

et (1

880)

Seacuteg

uy (1

944)

Tric

hode

ctid

aeTr

ichod

ecte

s (S

tach

iella

) oc

tom

acul

atus

Pa

ine

1912

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nAT

BE

CH

D

E F9

Rac

coon

(P

rocy

on

loto

r)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Ken

is (2

005)

Tric

hode

ctid

aeTr

ichod

ecte

s (T

richo

decte

s) ca

nis (

De

Gee

r 17

78)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

clt1

880

BE B

G D

E E

S

FI F

R I

T P

L J

Dog

s (C

anis

dom

esticu

s)Fa

una

Italia

(200

3) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pi

aget

(188

0) S

eacuteguy

(192

4 1

944)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5b)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)848

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Sip

ho

nap

tera

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Cal

lops

ylla

(Gem

inop

sylla

) ge

min

a (I

off

1946

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1985

CH

J1M

an

(Col

omba

liv

ia in

the

nativ

e ra

nge)

Beau

corn

u an

d Ae

schl

iman

n (1

985)

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Lept

opsy

lla

(Lep

tops

ylla)

seg

nis (

Schouml

nher

r 18

11)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

11AL

AD

AT

BA

BE

BG

CH

CY

C

Z D

E D

K

EE E

S E

S-BA

L

ES-C

AN F

I FOuml

FR

FR

-CO

R

GR

GR

-CR

E

GR

_NEG

GR

-SE

G G

B H

R

HU

IE

IS I

T

IT-S

AR I

T-SI

C

LI L

T L

U M

D

MK

MT

NL

PL

PT

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

RO

SK

J1 J

2M

us

dom

esticu

s Ra

ttus r

attu

s an

d ot

her

Mur

idae

( fur

fl e

as)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) D

ale

(187

8) R

otsc

hild

(189

9) S

oled

ad

Gom

ez L

opez

(200

9) S

tojc

evic

et

al (2

004)

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Nos

opsy

llus

(Nos

opsy

llus)

fasci

atus

(Bos

c dA

ntic

180

0)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

- Te

mpe

-ra

te

1900

AT B

E C

H C

Z

DE

DK

ES

ES

-BAL

FOuml

FR

FR

-CO

R G

B

GR

HU

IE

IT

IT-S

AR I

T-SI

C

LT L

U M

E M

T

NL

PL

PT

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

RO

RS

SK

EJ

Rattu

s spp

Ap

odem

us

spp

Mus

sp

p a

nd

othe

r M

urid

ae

Beau

corn

u (1

972

197

6 1

978)

Be

auco

rnu

and

Alco

ver (

1984

) Be

auco

rnu

and

Laun

ay (1

990)

Be

auco

rnu

and

Pasc

al (1

998)

Gal

li-Va

lerio

(190

0) K

raus

e (1

911)

M

ifsud

et a

l (20

08)

Peus

(196

3)

Smit

(195

7 1

966)

Sol

edad

Gom

ez

Lope

z (20

09)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 849

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Orc

hope

as

how

ardi

Bak

er

1895

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1800

GB

IEG

X11

Sciu

rus

caro

linen

sis

(gre

y sq

uirr

el)

Clet

hrio

-no

mys

gl

areo

lus

Glis

glis

D

ama

dam

a

Vulp

es vu

lpes

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Anon

ymou

s (19

94)D

onist

horp

e (1

925)

Pulic

idae

Euho

plop

syllu

s gl

acia

lis a

ffi ni

s (B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1977

FR I

T

E F

Gco

ttont

ail

rabb

it Sy

lvila

gus

fl orid

anus

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(197

7)

Beau

corn

u et

al (

1981

) Fa

una

Italia

(2

003)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a br

asili

ensis

(B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a19

42ES

-CAN

GB

J1Ra

ttus s

pp

vect

or o

f pl

ague

and

m

urin

e ty

phus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0)

Hop

kins

and

Rot

schi

ld (1

953)

N

ajer

a (1

942)

Sm

it (1

957)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a ch

eopi

s che

opis

(Rot

hsch

ild

1903

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a(

Nile

re

gion

)

1904

DE

ES

ES-

CAN

FR

FR

-CO

R

GB

GR

HU

IE

IT

-SIC

IT

MT

PL

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

PT

RU

J1Ra

ttus

norv

egicu

s R

rattu

s hu

man

s M

us

mus

culu

s ve

ctor

of

plag

ue

Bern

ard

et a

l (19

47)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) C

arta

na C

aste

lla a

nd

Gil-

Col

lado

(193

4) G

iles (

1905

) Ilv

ento

(191

3) L

avie

r (19

21)

Naj

era

(194

2) S

eacuteguy

(192

4)

Tano

n (1

923)

Tira

bosc

hi (1

904)

Za

pate

ro-R

amos

et a

l (19

82)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)846

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Gon

iodi

dae

Che

lopi

stes

mele

agrid

is (L

inna

eus

1758

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1877

CZ

DE

ES

FI

FR H

U I

T N

L

PL P

T R

O

J1 G

Wild

and

do

mes

ticat

ed

Turk

ey

(Mele

agris

)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) M

ouch

et a

nd

Mor

el (1

957)

Pia

get (

1880

) Še

frovaacute

an

d La

štugravevk

a (2

005)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

19

44)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

ioco

tes

chry

soce

phal

us

Gie

bel 1

874

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

74BE

DE

FR

HU

IT

NL

PL

RO

ES

E J

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

spp

)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Piag

et (1

880)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

194

4)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

ioco

tes

galli

nae (

De

Gee

r 17

78)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

80BE

BG

DE

ES

FI

FR

HU

IT

PL

RS

UA

JD

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pa

vlov

ic a

nd N

esic

(199

1) P

iage

t (1

880)

Pre

lezo

v an

d K

oina

rski

(2

006)

Seacuteg

uy (1

944)

Tou

lesh

kov

(195

5a)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

iode

s pav

onis

(Lin

naeu

s 17

58)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

92BG

DE

FI

FR

HU

IT

PL

RO

J

Indi

an

Peaf

owl

(Pav

o cr

istat

us)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) Fa

una

Italia

(2

003)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924

194

4)

Toul

eshk

ov (1

955a

)

Gon

iodi

dae

Gon

ioco

tes

recta

ngul

atus

N

itzsc

h 1

818

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

18D

E H

U R

OJ

Hel

met

ed

Gui

nea

Fow

l (N

umid

a m

eleag

ris)

Indi

an

Peaf

owl

(Pav

o cr

istat

us)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) N

itzsc

h (1

818)

Pi

aget

(188

0)

Gon

iodi

dae

Sten

ocro

taph

us

giga

s (T

asch

enbe

rg

1879

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Trop

ical

su

b-tro

pica

l

1924

BE B

G D

E E

S

FR G

B IT

PL

J1D

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Turk

ey

(Mele

agris

)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Ilie

va (2

009)

Seacuteg

uy (1

924)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5a)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 847

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Gon

iodi

dae

Zlot

orzy

ckell

a co

lchici

(D

enny

184

2)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1977

BE C

Z D

E E

S

IT P

L R

O

G I

2Ph

easa

nt

(Pha

sianu

s)D

labo

la (1

977)

Hel

lent

hal e

t al

(200

4)

Philo

pter

idae

Cuc

loto

gaste

r he

tero

grap

ha

(Nitz

sch

in

Gie

bel 1

866)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

76BE

BG

DE

ES

FI

FR

HU

IT

N

L P

L R

OU

A

JD

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pia

get

(188

0) S

eacuteguy

(192

4 1

944)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5a)

Philo

pter

idae

Lago

poec

us

colch

icus

Emer

son

194

9

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1989

BE C

Z D

E P

LG

I2

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

colch

icus)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Šef

rovaacute

and

Laš

tugravevk

a (2

005)

Philo

pter

idae

Lipe

urus

m

acul

osus

C

lay

1938

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1938

BE C

Z D

E G

B

HU

IT

PL

RO

G

I2

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

colch

icus)

Pa

rtrid

ge

(Per

drix

pe

rdrix

)

Cla

y (1

938)

Dla

bola

(197

7) F

auna

Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Philo

pter

idae

Retic

ulip

euru

s (=

Oxy

lipeu

rus)

polyt

rape

zius

(B

urm

eiste

r 18

38)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

80BG

DE

FR

IT

JTu

rkey

(M

eleag

ris)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) M

ouch

et a

nd M

orel

(195

7)

Piag

et (1

880)

Seacuteg

uy (1

944)

Tric

hode

ctid

aeTr

ichod

ecte

s (S

tach

iella

) oc

tom

acul

atus

Pa

ine

1912

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nAT

BE

CH

D

E F9

Rac

coon

(P

rocy

on

loto

r)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Ken

is (2

005)

Tric

hode

ctid

aeTr

ichod

ecte

s (T

richo

decte

s) ca

nis (

De

Gee

r 17

78)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

clt1

880

BE B

G D

E E

S

FI F

R I

T P

L J

Dog

s (C

anis

dom

esticu

s)Fa

una

Italia

(200

3) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pi

aget

(188

0) S

eacuteguy

(192

4 1

944)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5b)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)848

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Sip

ho

nap

tera

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Cal

lops

ylla

(Gem

inop

sylla

) ge

min

a (I

off

1946

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1985

CH

J1M

an

(Col

omba

liv

ia in

the

nativ

e ra

nge)

Beau

corn

u an

d Ae

schl

iman

n (1

985)

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Lept

opsy

lla

(Lep

tops

ylla)

seg

nis (

Schouml

nher

r 18

11)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

11AL

AD

AT

BA

BE

BG

CH

CY

C

Z D

E D

K

EE E

S E

S-BA

L

ES-C

AN F

I FOuml

FR

FR

-CO

R

GR

GR

-CR

E

GR

_NEG

GR

-SE

G G

B H

R

HU

IE

IS I

T

IT-S

AR I

T-SI

C

LI L

T L

U M

D

MK

MT

NL

PL

PT

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

RO

SK

J1 J

2M

us

dom

esticu

s Ra

ttus r

attu

s an

d ot

her

Mur

idae

( fur

fl e

as)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) D

ale

(187

8) R

otsc

hild

(189

9) S

oled

ad

Gom

ez L

opez

(200

9) S

tojc

evic

et

al (2

004)

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Nos

opsy

llus

(Nos

opsy

llus)

fasci

atus

(Bos

c dA

ntic

180

0)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

- Te

mpe

-ra

te

1900

AT B

E C

H C

Z

DE

DK

ES

ES

-BAL

FOuml

FR

FR

-CO

R G

B

GR

HU

IE

IT

IT-S

AR I

T-SI

C

LT L

U M

E M

T

NL

PL

PT

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

RO

RS

SK

EJ

Rattu

s spp

Ap

odem

us

spp

Mus

sp

p a

nd

othe

r M

urid

ae

Beau

corn

u (1

972

197

6 1

978)

Be

auco

rnu

and

Alco

ver (

1984

) Be

auco

rnu

and

Laun

ay (1

990)

Be

auco

rnu

and

Pasc

al (1

998)

Gal

li-Va

lerio

(190

0) K

raus

e (1

911)

M

ifsud

et a

l (20

08)

Peus

(196

3)

Smit

(195

7 1

966)

Sol

edad

Gom

ez

Lope

z (20

09)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 849

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Orc

hope

as

how

ardi

Bak

er

1895

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1800

GB

IEG

X11

Sciu

rus

caro

linen

sis

(gre

y sq

uirr

el)

Clet

hrio

-no

mys

gl

areo

lus

Glis

glis

D

ama

dam

a

Vulp

es vu

lpes

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Anon

ymou

s (19

94)D

onist

horp

e (1

925)

Pulic

idae

Euho

plop

syllu

s gl

acia

lis a

ffi ni

s (B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1977

FR I

T

E F

Gco

ttont

ail

rabb

it Sy

lvila

gus

fl orid

anus

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(197

7)

Beau

corn

u et

al (

1981

) Fa

una

Italia

(2

003)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a br

asili

ensis

(B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a19

42ES

-CAN

GB

J1Ra

ttus s

pp

vect

or o

f pl

ague

and

m

urin

e ty

phus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0)

Hop

kins

and

Rot

schi

ld (1

953)

N

ajer

a (1

942)

Sm

it (1

957)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a ch

eopi

s che

opis

(Rot

hsch

ild

1903

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a(

Nile

re

gion

)

1904

DE

ES

ES-

CAN

FR

FR

-CO

R

GB

GR

HU

IE

IT

-SIC

IT

MT

PL

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

PT

RU

J1Ra

ttus

norv

egicu

s R

rattu

s hu

man

s M

us

mus

culu

s ve

ctor

of

plag

ue

Bern

ard

et a

l (19

47)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) C

arta

na C

aste

lla a

nd

Gil-

Col

lado

(193

4) G

iles (

1905

) Ilv

ento

(191

3) L

avie

r (19

21)

Naj

era

(194

2) S

eacuteguy

(192

4)

Tano

n (1

923)

Tira

bosc

hi (1

904)

Za

pate

ro-R

amos

et a

l (19

82)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 847

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Gon

iodi

dae

Zlot

orzy

ckell

a co

lchici

(D

enny

184

2)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1977

BE C

Z D

E E

S

IT P

L R

O

G I

2Ph

easa

nt

(Pha

sianu

s)D

labo

la (1

977)

Hel

lent

hal e

t al

(200

4)

Philo

pter

idae

Cuc

loto

gaste

r he

tero

grap

ha

(Nitz

sch

in

Gie

bel 1

866)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

76BE

BG

DE

ES

FI

FR

HU

IT

N

L P

L R

OU

A

JD

omes

tic

fow

l (G

allu

s ga

llus

dom

esticu

s)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pia

get

(188

0) S

eacuteguy

(192

4 1

944)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5a)

Philo

pter

idae

Lago

poec

us

colch

icus

Emer

son

194

9

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1989

BE C

Z D

E P

LG

I2

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

colch

icus)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Šef

rovaacute

and

Laš

tugravevk

a (2

005)

Philo

pter

idae

Lipe

urus

m

acul

osus

C

lay

1938

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1938

BE C

Z D

E G

B

HU

IT

PL

RO

G

I2

Phea

sant

(P

hasia

nus

colch

icus)

Pa

rtrid

ge

(Per

drix

pe

rdrix

)

Cla

y (1

938)

Dla

bola

(197

7) F

auna

Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (20

04)

Philo

pter

idae

Retic

ulip

euru

s (=

Oxy

lipeu

rus)

polyt

rape

zius

(B

urm

eiste

r 18

38)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

80BG

DE

FR

IT

JTu

rkey

(M

eleag

ris)

Faun

a Ita

lia (2

003)

Gei

ter e

t al

(200

2) M

ouch

et a

nd M

orel

(195

7)

Piag

et (1

880)

Seacuteg

uy (1

944)

Tric

hode

ctid

aeTr

ichod

ecte

s (S

tach

iella

) oc

tom

acul

atus

Pa

ine

1912

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

Unk

now

nAT

BE

CH

D

E F9

Rac

coon

(P

rocy

on

loto

r)

Gei

ter e

t al (

2002

) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Ken

is (2

005)

Tric

hode

ctid

aeTr

ichod

ecte

s (T

richo

decte

s) ca

nis (

De

Gee

r 17

78)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

clt1

880

BE B

G D

E E

S

FI F

R I

T P

L J

Dog

s (C

anis

dom

esticu

s)Fa

una

Italia

(200

3) H

elle

ntha

l et a

l (2

004)

Mou

chet

and

Mor

el (1

957)

Pi

aget

(188

0) S

eacuteguy

(192

4 1

944)

To

ules

hkov

(195

5b)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)848

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Sip

ho

nap

tera

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Cal

lops

ylla

(Gem

inop

sylla

) ge

min

a (I

off

1946

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1985

CH

J1M

an

(Col

omba

liv

ia in

the

nativ

e ra

nge)

Beau

corn

u an

d Ae

schl

iman

n (1

985)

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Lept

opsy

lla

(Lep

tops

ylla)

seg

nis (

Schouml

nher

r 18

11)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

11AL

AD

AT

BA

BE

BG

CH

CY

C

Z D

E D

K

EE E

S E

S-BA

L

ES-C

AN F

I FOuml

FR

FR

-CO

R

GR

GR

-CR

E

GR

_NEG

GR

-SE

G G

B H

R

HU

IE

IS I

T

IT-S

AR I

T-SI

C

LI L

T L

U M

D

MK

MT

NL

PL

PT

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

RO

SK

J1 J

2M

us

dom

esticu

s Ra

ttus r

attu

s an

d ot

her

Mur

idae

( fur

fl e

as)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) D

ale

(187

8) R

otsc

hild

(189

9) S

oled

ad

Gom

ez L

opez

(200

9) S

tojc

evic

et

al (2

004)

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Nos

opsy

llus

(Nos

opsy

llus)

fasci

atus

(Bos

c dA

ntic

180

0)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

- Te

mpe

-ra

te

1900

AT B

E C

H C

Z

DE

DK

ES

ES

-BAL

FOuml

FR

FR

-CO

R G

B

GR

HU

IE

IT

IT-S

AR I

T-SI

C

LT L

U M

E M

T

NL

PL

PT

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

RO

RS

SK

EJ

Rattu

s spp

Ap

odem

us

spp

Mus

sp

p a

nd

othe

r M

urid

ae

Beau

corn

u (1

972

197

6 1

978)

Be

auco

rnu

and

Alco

ver (

1984

) Be

auco

rnu

and

Laun

ay (1

990)

Be

auco

rnu

and

Pasc

al (1

998)

Gal

li-Va

lerio

(190

0) K

raus

e (1

911)

M

ifsud

et a

l (20

08)

Peus

(196

3)

Smit

(195

7 1

966)

Sol

edad

Gom

ez

Lope

z (20

09)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 849

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Orc

hope

as

how

ardi

Bak

er

1895

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1800

GB

IEG

X11

Sciu

rus

caro

linen

sis

(gre

y sq

uirr

el)

Clet

hrio

-no

mys

gl

areo

lus

Glis

glis

D

ama

dam

a

Vulp

es vu

lpes

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Anon

ymou

s (19

94)D

onist

horp

e (1

925)

Pulic

idae

Euho

plop

syllu

s gl

acia

lis a

ffi ni

s (B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1977

FR I

T

E F

Gco

ttont

ail

rabb

it Sy

lvila

gus

fl orid

anus

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(197

7)

Beau

corn

u et

al (

1981

) Fa

una

Italia

(2

003)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a br

asili

ensis

(B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a19

42ES

-CAN

GB

J1Ra

ttus s

pp

vect

or o

f pl

ague

and

m

urin

e ty

phus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0)

Hop

kins

and

Rot

schi

ld (1

953)

N

ajer

a (1

942)

Sm

it (1

957)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a ch

eopi

s che

opis

(Rot

hsch

ild

1903

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a(

Nile

re

gion

)

1904

DE

ES

ES-

CAN

FR

FR

-CO

R

GB

GR

HU

IE

IT

-SIC

IT

MT

PL

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

PT

RU

J1Ra

ttus

norv

egicu

s R

rattu

s hu

man

s M

us

mus

culu

s ve

ctor

of

plag

ue

Bern

ard

et a

l (19

47)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) C

arta

na C

aste

lla a

nd

Gil-

Col

lado

(193

4) G

iles (

1905

) Ilv

ento

(191

3) L

avie

r (19

21)

Naj

era

(194

2) S

eacuteguy

(192

4)

Tano

n (1

923)

Tira

bosc

hi (1

904)

Za

pate

ro-R

amos

et a

l (19

82)

Marc Kenis amp Alain Roques BioRisk 4(2) 833ndash849 (2010)848

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Sip

ho

nap

tera

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Cal

lops

ylla

(Gem

inop

sylla

) ge

min

a (I

off

1946

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

1985

CH

J1M

an

(Col

omba

liv

ia in

the

nativ

e ra

nge)

Beau

corn

u an

d Ae

schl

iman

n (1

985)

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Lept

opsy

lla

(Lep

tops

ylla)

seg

nis (

Schouml

nher

r 18

11)

Cpa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Cry

pto-

geni

c18

11AL

AD

AT

BA

BE

BG

CH

CY

C

Z D

E D

K

EE E

S E

S-BA

L

ES-C

AN F

I FOuml

FR

FR

-CO

R

GR

GR

-CR

E

GR

_NEG

GR

-SE

G G

B H

R

HU

IE

IS I

T

IT-S

AR I

T-SI

C

LI L

T L

U M

D

MK

MT

NL

PL

PT

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

RO

SK

J1 J

2M

us

dom

esticu

s Ra

ttus r

attu

s an

d ot

her

Mur

idae

( fur

fl e

as)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) D

ale

(187

8) R

otsc

hild

(189

9) S

oled

ad

Gom

ez L

opez

(200

9) S

tojc

evic

et

al (2

004)

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Nos

opsy

llus

(Nos

opsy

llus)

fasci

atus

(Bos

c dA

ntic

180

0)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Asia

- Te

mpe

-ra

te

1900

AT B

E C

H C

Z

DE

DK

ES

ES

-BAL

FOuml

FR

FR

-CO

R G

B

GR

HU

IE

IT

IT-S

AR I

T-SI

C

LT L

U M

E M

T

NL

PL

PT

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

RO

RS

SK

EJ

Rattu

s spp

Ap

odem

us

spp

Mus

sp

p a

nd

othe

r M

urid

ae

Beau

corn

u (1

972

197

6 1

978)

Be

auco

rnu

and

Alco

ver (

1984

) Be

auco

rnu

and

Laun

ay (1

990)

Be

auco

rnu

and

Pasc

al (1

998)

Gal

li-Va

lerio

(190

0) K

raus

e (1

911)

M

ifsud

et a

l (20

08)

Peus

(196

3)

Smit

(195

7 1

966)

Sol

edad

Gom

ez

Lope

z (20

09)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 849

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Orc

hope

as

how

ardi

Bak

er

1895

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1800

GB

IEG

X11

Sciu

rus

caro

linen

sis

(gre

y sq

uirr

el)

Clet

hrio

-no

mys

gl

areo

lus

Glis

glis

D

ama

dam

a

Vulp

es vu

lpes

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Anon

ymou

s (19

94)D

onist

horp

e (1

925)

Pulic

idae

Euho

plop

syllu

s gl

acia

lis a

ffi ni

s (B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1977

FR I

T

E F

Gco

ttont

ail

rabb

it Sy

lvila

gus

fl orid

anus

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(197

7)

Beau

corn

u et

al (

1981

) Fa

una

Italia

(2

003)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a br

asili

ensis

(B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a19

42ES

-CAN

GB

J1Ra

ttus s

pp

vect

or o

f pl

ague

and

m

urin

e ty

phus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0)

Hop

kins

and

Rot

schi

ld (1

953)

N

ajer

a (1

942)

Sm

it (1

957)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a ch

eopi

s che

opis

(Rot

hsch

ild

1903

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a(

Nile

re

gion

)

1904

DE

ES

ES-

CAN

FR

FR

-CO

R

GB

GR

HU

IE

IT

-SIC

IT

MT

PL

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

PT

RU

J1Ra

ttus

norv

egicu

s R

rattu

s hu

man

s M

us

mus

culu

s ve

ctor

of

plag

ue

Bern

ard

et a

l (19

47)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) C

arta

na C

aste

lla a

nd

Gil-

Col

lado

(193

4) G

iles (

1905

) Ilv

ento

(191

3) L

avie

r (19

21)

Naj

era

(194

2) S

eacuteguy

(192

4)

Tano

n (1

923)

Tira

bosc

hi (1

904)

Za

pate

ro-R

amos

et a

l (19

82)

Chapter 134 Lice and Fleas (Phthiraptera and Siphonaptera) 849

Ord

erSu

bord

erF

amil

y

Spec

ies

Stat

us

Reg

ime

Nat

ive

ran

ge1

st r

eco

rd

in E

uro

pe

Inva

ded

co

un

trie

sH

abit

atH

ost

Ref

eren

ces

Cer

atop

hylli

dae

Orc

hope

as

how

ardi

Bak

er

1895

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1800

GB

IEG

X11

Sciu

rus

caro

linen

sis

(gre

y sq

uirr

el)

Clet

hrio

-no

mys

gl

areo

lus

Glis

glis

D

ama

dam

a

Vulp

es vu

lpes

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Anon

ymou

s (19

94)D

onist

horp

e (1

925)

Pulic

idae

Euho

plop

syllu

s gl

acia

lis a

ffi ni

s (B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Nor

th

Amer

ica

1977

FR I

T

E F

Gco

ttont

ail

rabb

it Sy

lvila

gus

fl orid

anus

O

rycto

lagu

s cu

nicu

lus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(197

7)

Beau

corn

u et

al (

1981

) Fa

una

Italia

(2

003)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a br

asili

ensis

(B

aker

190

4)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a19

42ES

-CAN

GB

J1Ra

ttus s

pp

vect

or o

f pl

ague

and

m

urin

e ty

phus

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0)

Hop

kins

and

Rot

schi

ld (1

953)

N

ajer

a (1

942)

Sm

it (1

957)

Pulic

idae

Xeno

psyll

a ch

eopi

s che

opis

(Rot

hsch

ild

1903

)

Apa

rasit

ic

pred

ator

Afric

a(

Nile

re

gion

)

1904

DE

ES

ES-

CAN

FR

FR

-CO

R

GB

GR

HU

IE

IT

-SIC

IT

MT

PL

PT-

AZO

PT-

MAD

PT

RU

J1Ra

ttus

norv

egicu

s R

rattu

s hu

man

s M

us

mus

culu

s ve

ctor

of

plag

ue

Bern

ard

et a

l (19

47)

Beau

corn

u an

d La

unay

(199

0) C

arta

na C

aste

lla a

nd

Gil-

Col

lado

(193

4) G

iles (

1905

) Ilv

ento

(191

3) L

avie

r (19

21)

Naj

era

(194

2) S

eacuteguy

(192

4)

Tano

n (1

923)

Tira

bosc

hi (1

904)

Za

pate

ro-R

amos

et a

l (19

82)