Presented by: MUSHTAQ-UR-REHMAN

IMRAN IQBAl

SAIRA YAQOOB

RAZIA SULTANA

WAQAS SHAHID

Preston university islamabad

BIOREMEDIATION and PHYTOREMEDIATION

HOW IT WORKS

Microbes release enzymes and it degrade the

contaminant..

Conventional……..

Microbes

attack only

one side of

contaminant

, leads to

slower and

less

effective

remediation

Enhanced bioremediation

Combination of microbes and emulsifiers break the contaminants

and enzymes digest it quickly…..

What is bioremediation

BIOREMEDIATION

• Bioremediation is a process of removing or degrading

the toxic pollutant from the environment by using

microorganism .

• commonly used micro organisms are,

Flavobacterium,Arthrobacter, and Azotobacter

• Bioremediation focuses on different sources they

are called as different names.

plant------------- phytoremediation

fungi------------- mycoremediation

STRTEGIES

GMO”s

Use of indigenous microorganism

Bio stimulation

Bio augmentation

Phyto remediation

GENE MANIPULATION

Gene responsible for the degradation of

pollutant is introduced and expressed in

bacteria e.g.

Gene opd of flavobacterium which is

responsible for the degradation of

carbonats is introduced in the fungi ,

Gliocladium virens, who express the

gene.

GENE MANIPULATION

Enterobacter agglomerans , containing

plasmids RP-4 encodes for biophenyl

degradation

This strain when added to soil it

disappear quickly but plasmid is

transferred to the microbes , which carry

out the process of biophenyl

degradation

Use of indigenous micro

organism

Soil harbours a number of microorganisms with

degradative potential

Microbes are ubiquitous in distribution

The have developed enzymatic systems to tackle

environmental contaminants

USE OF INDIGENOUS micro organism

Cyanobacteria and algae – hydrocarbons

Pseudomonas putida – can degrade benzoate completely

BIOSTIMULATION

BIOSTIMULATION

Biostimulation is the stimulation of indigenous

microbial growth by providing them with

necessary nutrients

Principle :

Microbes cannot use pollutants as a sole

source of energy. Hence they need to be

provided with other essential nutrients

BIOAUGMENTATION

Bioaugmentation is addition of selected

organisms to the contaminated site in order to

supplement indigenous microbial population

and speed up degradation

Bioaugmentation has been successfully

carried out by using activated soil rather

than pure cultures

Activated soil – soil containing indigenous

microbial population recently exposed to

contaminants

BIOAUGMENTATION

Activated soil containing

various bacteria have been

used to degrade :

Pentachlorophenol

Atrazine

Chloro benzoate

PHYTOREMEDIATION

Phytoremediation is the use of plants for the removal of

contaminants and metals from the soil and water, or to

render them harmless

It is basically the decontamination or stabilization of the

polluted area using plants

PROCESS IN PHYTOREMEDIATION

Phytoextraction

Phytodegradation

Phytovolatilization

Phytostabilization

PHYTOEXTRACTI

ON

Conclusion

Bioremediation, the

process whereby natural

degradation rates are

accelerated through

stimulation of indigenous

microorganisms is an

effective ecologically and

economically effective

reclamation alternative

Reference

slide share

google images