biomeurne s i n a a r s i biofarmer - elkana

rrrreeeeddddaaaaqqqqttttoooorrrriiii

rrrreeeeddddkkkkoooolllleeeeggggiiiiaaaa

manana gigauri

mariam jorjaZe

Tamaz dundua

daviT doliZe

besik kalandaZe

irakli javaxiSvili

biZina feraZe

lllliiiitttt.... kkkkoooorrrreeeeqqqqttttuuuurrrraaaa

kkkkoooommmmppppiiiiuuuutttteeeerrrruuuulllliiiiuuuuzzzzrrrruuuunnnnvvvveeeellllyyyyooooffffaaaa

nodar ebraliZe

manana gigauri

nino kunWulia

direqtorisgan

FOREWORD FROM THE DIRECTOR

biomeurneBIOFARMER

SSSSiiiinnnnaaaaaaaarrrrssssiiii

CCCCOOOONNNNTTTTEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS

biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia `elkanas~ perioduli gamocema

2

siaxle

NEWS4

gamoxmaureba

FEEDBACK9

Sexvedrebi, seminarebi, konferenciebi

MEETINGS, WORKGHOPS, CONFERENCES6

rCevebi biomeurneebs

ADVICES FOR BIO-FARMERS16

saTemo mobilizeba da soflis ganviTareba

COMMUNITY MOBILISATION & RURAL DEVELOPMENT25

agrobiomravalferovnebis dacva

PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL DIVERSITY29

iuridiuli konsultacia

LEGAL ADVICE35

Cveni biomeurneebi

OUR BIO-FARMERS37

Cveni Jurnalis stumrebi

GUESTS OF OUR MAGAZINE12

1111((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555

siaxle

44bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeee 1111 ((((11111111)))) 2222000000005555

treningcentri

`elkanas~ ofisSisiaxlesiaxle

`qarTvel glexobas yvelaze metadgzis gakvleva sWirdeba meurneobisxeirianad warmarTvisaTvis− rom imTiTo mtkavela miwaze− rac glex-kacis sakuTrebas Seadgens− meurneo-bis gaumjobesebuli wesebiswyalobiT rac SeiZleba meti daxarisxiani mosavali miiRos; SeZ-los brZola gvalvisa− wyaldido-bisa− kaliisa− WivWavisa− mosavlisim aTasnairi mtris winaaRmdeg−romelTa Tavidan moSoreba ganaT-lebul adamians ase Tu iseSeuZlia.~

iiiivvvvaaaannnneeee mmmmaaaaCCCCaaaabbbbeeeelllliiii

biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia `elkanasTan" arsebuli

treningcentri gTavazobT kursebs bioagrowarmoebis dargSi.

kursebi gaTvlilia:

� "elkanas" wevr fermerebze,

� sxva fermerebze,

� studentebze da skolis moswavleebze

� saxelmwifo moxeleebze,

� arasamTavrobo organizaciebis

TanamSromlebze,

� mewarmeebze,

� sxva dainteresebul pirebze.

& kursebis Sinaarsi maqsimalurad gasagebi formiTaa Camo-

yalibebuli da Seesabameba konkretuli miznobrivi jgufis

moTxovnebs;

& kursis Catarebisas gamoyenebulia TvalsaCino masala, saswav-

lo TamaSebi, filmebi, prezentaciebi;

& kursis msvlelobisas tardeba testireba, ris safuZvelzec ga-

icema sertifikati;

& yvela kursi Sedgeba Teoriuli da praqtikuli nawilisagan;

& kursi fasiania da mis RirebulebaSi Sedis: kursis beWdviTi

masala, damswreTa sia da fotosuraTi, kveba (sadili, Cai/ya-

va), ZirZveli qarTuli kulturebisagan damzadebuli kerZebis

degustacia, gasvliTi sesiis dros transportiT uzrunvely-

ofa, kulturuli programa;

& kursis SemuSavebasa da CatarebaSi monawileoben maRalkva-

lificiuri, gamocdili specialistebi.

kkkkuuuurrrrssssiiiissss mmmmiiiizzzzaaaannnniiiiaaaa ::::

uzrunvelyos miznobrivi jgufi biomeurneobaze

gadasvlisaTvis saWiro Teoriuli da praqtikuli

codniT

bbbbiiiioooommmmeeeeuuuurrrrnnnneeeeoooobbbbaaaa ---- zzzzooooggggaaaaddddiiii kkkkuuuurrrrssssiiii

55

siaxle

kursis xangrZlivobaa 7 dRe

- aqedan:

- 5 dRe - Teoriuli mecadineoba,

- 1 dRe - praqtika - "elkanas" erT-erTi

wevris biomeurneobis daTvaliereba,

- 1 dRe - jgufuri muSaoba.

Catarebis dro: 10.00 - 17.30.

saswavlo saaTebis raodenoba - 42 sT.

Rirebulebaa 1 piri (7dRe) - 200 lari.

SeRavaTebi:

- adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo orga-

nizaciebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis -

50 %-iani fasdakleba - 100 lari,

- studentebisa da fermerebisaTvis -

75 %-iani fasdakleba - 50 lari.

kursebi ikiTxeba or enaze - qarTulad,

rusulad

dagegmili kursebi:

- PLA meTodologiebi (Tanamonawileo-

biTi swavleba da qmedeba)

- marketingi bioagrowamoebaSi

- kooperirebis safuZvlebi

- biomeurneobis samrCevlo meTodologia

- biomravalferovneba

- mcenareTa dacva biologiur meurneobaSi

- niadagis nayofierebis amaRlebis bio-

meTodebi

- biomefutkreoba

- biomevenaxeoba

- meRvineoba

- biomefrinveleoba

- biomebostneoba

- biomeTxeoba

- biomecxoveleoba

- biomebaReoba da fitodizaini

kursis gavlis Semdeg msmeneli:

kursi acnobs msmenels biomeurneobis

principebs da mis meTodologias

kursis ZiriTadi Temebia:

SeiZens codnas biomeurneobis ZiriTadi principebisa da amocanebis Sesaxeb;

SeZlebs am principebisa da meTodebis sakuTar meurneobaSi gamoyenebas;

darwmundeba bioagrowarmoebis efeqturobaSi.

biomravalferovneba,

narCenebis utilizeba,

bunebrivi energiis efeqturi gamoyeneba,

marketingi,

kooperireba.

seminarebi, Sexvedrebi, konferenciebi


2005 wlis 1-3 Tebervals gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis orga-

nizaciisa (FAO) da biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia `elkanas~ mier

Catarda seminari `sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis infra-

struqtura da maTi gamoyeneba saqarTvelos agrarul seqtorSi~.

am Temaze, 2003 wels, FAO-m saqarTveloSi Caatara kvleva da gamoavlina

agrarul seqtorSi momuSave aTi organizaciis problemebi da SesaZleblobebi

efeqturi sainformacio da sakomunikacio sistemebis gamoyenebis

TvalsazrisiT. seminari am kvlevis erTgvar gagrZelebas warmoadgenda da

miznad isaxavda:

- Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis analizs saqarTvelos agrarul seqtorSi

momuSave organizaciebTan, maT Soris fermerTa organizaciebTan erTad

- monawile organizaciebis saWiroebaTa ganaxlebuli nusxis Sedgenasa da

- erovnuli proeqtis pirveladi monaxazis SemuSavebas agrarul sferoSi

sakomunikacio da sainformacio sistemis gaumjobesebis mizniT

seminaris muSaobaSi monawileobda FAO-s ori warmomadgeneli da 23 adg-

ilobrivi organizacia. seminarze Sefasda saqarTvelos agrarul seqtorSi

arsebuli sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis susti da Zlieri

mxareebi, ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi; SemuSavda rekomendaciebi da

erovnuli proeqtis - `sainformacio da sakomunikacio sistemis gaumjobese-

ba saqarTveloSi agraruli seqtoris ganviTarebis mizniT~ - pirveladi mon-

axazi.

seminarze SemuSavda Semdegi rekomendaciebi:

- seminaris angariSi daegzavnos seminaris monawileebs, soflis meurneo-

bisa da sursaTis saministros, parlamentis agrarul sakiTxTa komitet-

sa da FAO-s;

- saproeqto ganacxadis saboloo versia SemuSavdes mcire jgufis mier,

sxva monawileebTan aqtiuri konsultaciebiT;

- soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis saministros vacnoboT seminaris

Sedegebis Sesaxeb, movipovoT misi mxardaWera saproeqto ganacxadis

momzadebis procesSi misi warmomadgenlis CarTvisa da saministros

saxeliT saproeqto ganacxadis FAO-Si wardgenis Taobaze;

- seminaris Sesaxeb informacia (pres-relizi) gavrceldes monawile orga-

nizaciebis sainformacio saSualebebis, masmediisa da sainformacio

qslebis meSveobiT;

- saproeqto ganacxadze momuSave jgufma gaiTvaliswinos mimdinare

sasoflo-sameurneo proeqtebi da SeZlebisdagvarad miaRwios sinergizms;

- saproeqto ganacxadze momuSave jgufi daukavSirdes miwis kadastris

departaments da misgan miiRos konsultaciebi;

- saqarTvelos mTavrobas eTxovos, raTa man meti yuradReba dauTmos

soflis meurneobis seqtorSi momuSave organizaciebs

seminaris monawileebis azriT, sainformacio da sakomunikacio sistemis

gaumjobeseba saqarTveloSi xels Seuwyobs fermerebis monawileobas

agraruli politikis SemuSavebaSi, daaxloebs mecnierebsa da fermerebs,

gaaumjobesebs sakonsultacio momsaxurebis xarisxs. dabolos, es yvelaferi

dadebiT gavlenas moaxdens fermeruli meurneobebis ganviTarebasa da

mdgradobaze.

sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnolo-

giebis infrastruqtura da maTi gamoyene-

ba saqarTvelos agrarul seqtorSi��

77


2004 wlis 21 dekembers biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia èlka-

nam" Caatara prezentacia GEF/UNDP-is proeqtisa - saqarTvelos

agrobiomravalferovnebis aRdgena, konservacia da mdgradi ga-

moyeneba.

prezentacia da degustacia Catarda sastumro `Seraton-metexi-pala-

sis~ kalas darbazSi. damswreebma moismines informacia Zveli

qarTuli adgilobrivi jiSebis aRdgenis sferoSi arsebuli probleme-

bisa da proeqtis farglebSi èlkanas~ mier ganxorcielebuli saqmi-

anobis Taobaze. amasTan monawileebma daigemovnes qarTuli tradi-

ciuli kerZebi, romlebic damzadebuli iyo xorblis, fetvis, Romis,

cercvisa da bardis adgilobrivi jiSebisagan.

organuli meTodebis gamoyenebiT èlkanas" wevr-fermerebis mier

kultivirebuli produqtebisgan, tradiciul receptebze dayrdnobiT,

kerZebi daamzades sastumro `Seraton-metexi-palasis~ mzareulebma.

degustaciaze aseve warmodgenili iyo qarTuli organuli Rvino da

wvenebi.

prezentacia proeqtisa - `saqarTvelos

agrobiomravalferovnebis

aRdgena, konservacia da

mdgradi gamoyeneba~

2005 wlis 28 ianvars biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia èlka-

nas~ ofisSi Catarda soflis meurneobisa da sasoflo

ganviTarebis dargSi momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa kon-

ferencia - `sursaTisa da gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis mokle da

saSualovadiani moTxovnebi da arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa

roli maTi ganviTarebis xelSewyobaSi~.

konferencias daeswro sxvadasxva organizaciis 34 warmomad-

geneli, maT Soris fermerebi, biznesis warmomadgenlebi da

donorebi. monawileebma imsjeles im ZiriTad problemebze,

romelTac awydebian sasoflo Temebi TavianT saqmianobaSi.

soflis problemebze saubrisas, gansakuTrebuli msjelobis sagani

gaxda adgilobrivi regionuli organizaciebis roli. monawileebis

azriT, adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi arsebobs, maTi

muSaobis Sedegad calkeuli pozitiuri Zvrebic SesamCnevia, magram

ar aris erTiani midgoma da koordinacia dargSi momuSave orga-

nizaciebsa da donorebs Soris. rogori programebi unda ganxor-

cieldes soflad? rogor davaaxlooT sofeli qalaqs da rogor

mivaRwioT soflad mdgrad ganviTarebas? am da mraval sxva prob-

lemaze pasuxis gacemas mieZRvna aRniSnuli konferenciaze

SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebi da deklaracia.

soflis meurneobisa da sasoflo

ganviTarebis dargSi momuSave

arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa

konferencia

��

��

2005 wlis 15 aprils sofel

gulsundaSi (aspinZis raioni), èlka-

nas~ wevris aleqsandre xozrevaniZis

meurneobaSi Catarda fermeris dRe.

RonisZiebas daeswro 35 kaci, maT

Soris èlkanas~ wevri biomeurneebi

da ofisis TanamSromlebi, gamgeo-

bis wevrebi da mowveuli stumrebi.

damswreebma daaTvalieres aleqsandre

xozrevaniZis meurneoba da yvelis

sawarmo. batonma aleqsandrem dawvri-

lebiT isaubra sawarmos Seqmnis ide-

asa da im daxmarebaze, rac man mii-

Ro èlkanasa~ da `ziaris~ teqnikuri

daxmarebis programis meSveobiT.

Sekreba saqmianad da sainteresod

warimarTa - yvelis sawarmom damsw-

reebis didi interesi gamoiwvia da

mravali kiTxvac daisva, rasac ba-

toni aleqsandre dawvrilebiT pa-

suxobda. gansakuTrebiT unda aRi-

niSnos wevri meurneebis aqtiuroba -

aSkarad gamoCnda, rom isini ara

mxolod informaciis misaRebad

movidnen, aramed miRebuli gamocdi-

lebis praqtikul gamoyenebasac geg-

maven.

saubris dasrulebis Semdeg gaimar-

Ta aWaruli kerZebisa da baton ale-

qsandre xozrevaniZis produqciis de-

gustacia, ramac damswreTa didi mo-

woneba daimsaxura.

fermeris dRe dasrulda axalcixeSi

samcxe-javaxeTis fermerTa asocia-

ciis `farezis~ ofisisa da nakve-

Tebis daTvalierebiT.

f e r m e r i s d R e

s o f e l g u l s u n d a S i



2005 wlis 12-15 maiss zugdidis raionis sofel ingirSi da ozurgeTis

raionis soflebSi - qveda da zeda baxvSi Catarda fermeris dRe. Tavda-

pirvelad, 12 maiss, èlkanas~ wevri biomeurneebi da ofisis TanamSromlebi

ewvivnen sofel ingirs da daaTvalieres revaz cxadaiasa da ruben Selias

meurneobebSi damontaJebuli biogazis danadgarebi. revaz cxadaiam damsw-

reebs gaacno danadgaris teqnikuri maCveneblebi da muSaobis principi. man

aRniSna, rom 6 m3 moculobis danadgaris meSveobiT mis ojaxs dReSi 7

sT-is ganmavlobaSi uwyvetad miewodeba bunebrivi airi. aseTi tipis bioga-

zis danadgari zugdidis raionSi sul 10 meurnesTan aris damontaJebuli.

meore dRes fermeris dRe ozurgeTSi, sofel qveda baxvSi mcxovrebi

daTo TeneiSvilis meurneobaSi gagrZelda. daTos meurneobas - Tevzis

tbors, kivis sanerges, wylis wisqvils, damTvaliereblebis umravlesoba kar-

gad icnobs, magram meurneobaSi siaxlec daxvdaT - èlkanas~ xelSewyobiT

daTo TeneiSvilma aamuSava Cais gadasamuSavebeli mcire sawarmo da fer-

meris dRis monawileebis Tvalwin daiwyo produqciis pirveli partiis

gadamuSaveba...

fermeris dRis monawileebi kidev erT saintereso meurneobs ewvivnen -

goCa saluqvaZis meurneobaSi maT naxes mcire hesi, wylis wisqvili, Txilis

plantacia, romelmac didi STabeWdileba moaxdina damswreebze. didi intere-

si gamoiwvia vazis eqsperimentuli nakveTis daTvalierebam, sadac bio-

preparati `narcis-b~ icdeba.

ase damTavrda fermeris dRe zugdidsa da ozurgeTSi, siaxleebiTa da

STabeWdilebebiT datvirTuli kidev ori dRe...

f e r m e r i s d R e

z u g d i d s a d a o z u r g e T S i

��

��

99

?ras fiqroben

bioproduqciis

momxmareblebi

xorblisa da simindis gaumjobesebis saerTaSoriso centris (CIMMYT)

konsultanti

interviuebi Caiwera da moamzada

Teona kakabaZem

Zalian dainteresebuli var, rom natu-

raluri da ekologiurad sufTa produqcia

Tbilisis maRaziebSi gamoCndes. ramdenime

weliwadi ucxoeTSi gavatare da iq xSirad

vyidulobdi òrganuli~ produqciis niSnis

mqone bostneulsa da xils. TbilisSi

dabrunebis Semdeg amis saSualeba aRar

maqvs, radgan aq aseTi produqcia iSviaTobas

warmoadgens. samwuxarod, CemTvis cnobilia

SemTxvevebi, roca bazrebSi iafad iyideba

maRaltoqsikuri, mravali wlis winaT

akrZaluli mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebi.

bevri fermeri usaxsrobisa an ucodinarobis

gamo iyenebs am saSualebebs. saqarTveloSi

òrganuli~ produqciis bazari rom arsebob-

des, bevri uars ityoda qimiuri saSualebebis

gamoyenebaze da naturalur produqcias miawv-

dida Tbiliselebs. es glexebisaTvis ufro

momgebiani iqneboda.

Cemi azriT, èlkana~ Zalian did saqmes

akeTebs imiT, rom ganaviTarebs òrganuli~

produqciis bazars saqarTveloSi. es bevr

sirTulesTan aris dakavSirebuli da garkveul

dros saWiroebs. magram warmateba gardau-

valia. saqarTvelo Tavisi bunebrivi

pirobebiTa da mSromeli xalxiT saukeTeso

adgilia s/m ganviTarebisaTvis. Cemi rCeva

aseTia: organuli produqcia yovelTvis aso-

cirebulia sisufTavesTan. me vamjobinebdi,

rom ekobazroba quCidan sadme SenobaSi

gadagetanaT, sadac sisufTave iqneboda da

sursaTi gamonabolqviT ar dabinZurdeboda.

Sesabamis SefuTvaze da savaWro niSanzec

unda izrunoT. celofani araa sasurveli,

radgan didxans ar iSleba da garemos

abinZurebs. savaWro niSani aucilebelia, miT

umetes - sanam sertificirebis sistema dain-

ergeba.

me var is adamiani, romelic isurvebda, rom mxolod bioproduqcia eyida da moexmara, radgan mimaCnia, rom es

janmrTelobis garantia da samwuxaroa, rom CvenTan ar aris iseTi dafaseba am produqciis, rogoric dasavleTSia,

imitom, rom Cven ganebivrebulni varT SedarebiT ukeTesi produqciiT da amitom ar fasdeba ise, rogorc unda

ekuTvnodes.

Tqvens bazrobebs rac Seexeba, SeZlebisdagvarad, Tu TbilisSi var, aucileblad movdivar da vyidulob yvelafers,

rac momwons, bazrobis gareSec maqvs TqvenTan piradi urTierToba: Tqveni wvenebis damamzadebelTan, Taflis

damamzadebelTan, yvelis damamzadebelTan da piradad maTgan, bazrobis gareSec vyidulob Tqvens produqcias. vi-

survebdi, rom bazrobebi ufro Zlieri iyos, ufro xSiri iyos, ukeTes adgilas iyos organizebuli da erTi da igive

adgili hqondes, romelsac daerqmeva am bazrobis saxeli. me, magaliTad, idealur SemTxvevaSi yovel SabaT-kviras

visurvebdi, rom aseTi bazroba TbilisSi iyos da mowodeba iyos gaumjobesebuli, ukeTesi iyos, davuSvaT,

momarageba am produqciiT, ukeTesi piari gakeTdes.. Cemi azriT, kargi iqneboda aseve bioproduqciis restorani.

Tundac maRazia mainc iyos, magram me vfiqrob, rom Zalian didi xibli aqvs bazrobas imitom, rom bazars Tavisi

sxva komponentebi axlavs, romelic, vTqvaT, maRazias ara aqvs, glexis Camotanili da TviTon glexis mierve gayidul

produqcias aqvs Zalian saintereso kulturuli da sxva datvirTvac.

daTo bedoSvili

didi britaneTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis departamentissaqarTvelos warmomadgenlobis xelmZRvaneli

lali mesxi

gamoxmaureba

gamoxmaureba


me ukve didi xania vyidulob am produqcias da ara marto bazrobebze. sanam

bazrobebs daiwyebdiT, me ukve mqonda kontaqti Tqvens organizaciasTan, vic-

nob piradad ramdenime biomeurnesac da, ase vTqvaT, myavs Cemi sakuTari mom-

wodebeli, romelsac velodebi kidec; vici, rom Zalian kargi xarisxis produqti

aqvs. rac Seexeba bioproduqcias, me, magaliTad, vyidulob TeneiSvilisgan,

romelic aris guriidan da mas saukeTeso simindis fqvili aqvs - wyalze

dafqvili, sasuqis gareSe moyvanili. Caisac da Taflsac viZen.

swori kveba da jansaRi sakvebi Zalze mniSvnelovania nebismieri adamian-

is, maT Soris, bavSvis ganviTarebisaTvis. XX saukuneSi sxvadasxva faqtore-

bis zegavleniT garemo da sakvebi produqtebi, Sxam-qimikatebis gamoyebis

gareSec, dabinZurebulia da Zalze mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia saqarTveloSi iseTi

meurneobebis arseboba, sadac maqsimalurad SezRudulia adamianis

janmrTelobisaTvis mavne nivTierebebis gamoyeneba. meore mxare, rac, Cemi

azriT, Zalze mniSvnelovania, es aris arCevnis ufleba - Tu adamians surs,

jansaRi sakvebi SeiZinos da mzad aris, metic gadaixados, mas unda hqondes

amis SesaZlebloba, mraval qveyanaSi aris aseTi maRaziebi, mosaxleobac

informirebulia, Tu ratom Rirs aseTi produqcia Zviri. me TviTon, rodesac

ucxoeTSi miwevs yofna, yovelTvis Sevdivar aseT maRaziebSi da guli mwyde-

ba, rom CvenTan amis SesaZlebloba ar aris.

rogorc eqimi, vTvli, rom sakvebi, romelsac adamiani yoveldRiurad da

mTeli cxovrebis manZilze moixmars, aucileblad jansaRi da xarisxiani unda

iyos, xolo rogorc deda, yovelTvis vcdilob, SeviZino ekoproduqcia.

samwuxarod, amis saSualeba xSirad ara maqvs - èlkanas~ bazroba iSviaTad

tardeba da ramdeni produqti unda SeiZino, rom Semdeg bazrobamde geyos?!.

unda arsebobdes qalaqSi bioproduqtebis bazroba Tu maRazia, raRac unda arse-

bobdes iseTi, sadac yovelTvis SegiZlia misvla da ekoproduqtebis SeZena.

albaT, arcTu advilia amis mogvareba, magram me vici, rom Tqveni organi-

zacia bevrs da aqtiurad muSaobs da imedi maqvs, warmatebasac miaRwevT. xolo

Cemi sityva Tu am saqmes sasikeTod Seeweva, Tqvens gverdiT miguleT.

CemTvis cota Znelia, rom bioproduqciis

terminologiiT avxsna es yvelaferi. me vici èlkanas~

moRvaweoba da TiTqmis ucvleli monawile var im

bazrobebisa, romlebic TbilisSi imarTeba, me ara var

biologi profesiiT, me var Cveulebrivi momxmarebeli

da, marTali giTxraT, me mxedvelobaSi maqvs ara marto

produqciis xarisxi, romelic namdvilad gamoirCeva

bazris produqciisgan, aramed aq aris laparaki im sia-

mayeze, romelic geufleba, rom Turme, jer kidev uxso-

vari droidan CvenTan yofila Zalian maRali kultura

soflis meurneobisa, soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisa.

magaliTad, me yovelTvis mainteresebda, rom Tu lobio

Semosulia, Tu simindi Semosulia da aseve vTqvaT indau-

ri, badrijani, ras miirTmevdnen qarTvelebi? es CemTvis

iyo gamocana, romelsac ver vcemdi pasuxs, ai, èlkanas~

saSualebiT me pasuxi miviRe. Turme sakmaod mdidari

mravalferovneba yofila da ubralod saWiroa cota ufro

meti yuradRebis miqceva, meti ganviTareba am kuTxiT.

me Zalian momwons Tqveni bazroba, Zalian momwons

pirvel rigSi imitom, rom es xdeba daugegmavad, moulod-

nelad (Tumca xalxi uceb igebs - Tbilisi pataraa da

Worebis gavrceleba Zalian swrafad xdeba). Zalian sain-

teresoa èlkanas~ bazrobaze daswreba da me ar megule-

ba adamiani, romelic imedgacruebuli brundeba iqidan - me

mxedvelobaSi maqvs ara marto produqciis xarisxi, aramed

fasic da aseve is damokidebulebac, romlebsac avlenen

rogorc monawileebi, aseve organizatorebic.. Zalian did

madlobas gamovxatavdi, rogorc Cveulebrivi momxmarebe-

li, da - Zalian did survils Tanadgomisa am organizaci-

is mimarT.

eqimi-pediatri, saqarTvelos janmrTelobis dacvis saministros dedaTa da bavSvTa sammarTvelos ufrosi

Tamuna manjaviZe

qarTul-afxazur urTierTobaTa institutis xelmZRvaneli

zura Sengelia

1111

gamoxmaureba

bioproduqciis SeZena `elkanas~ gamofena-

bazrobebeze Zalze mosaxerxebelia, gansakuT-

rebiT sadResaswaulo dReebSi, vinaidan mcire

da kompaqtur bazrobaze faqtiurad produqciis

mTliani speqtria warmodgenili da advilad mis-

awvdomia momxmareblisTvis. garda amisa, me

vici da mjera, rom es produqcia namdvilad

ekologiurad sufTaa. saSiSroeba, rom produq-

cia SeiZleba dabinZurebuli iyos, sxvadasxva

sasuqebis gamoyenebiT, Tqvens bazrobebze

moxsnilia. saerTod, kargi iqneba, ufro xSirad

Catardes aseTi RonisZiebebi, da kidev

ukeTesi iqneba, Tu specializebul maRazias

gaxsniT. aseT produqcias farTo reklamireba

sWirdeba; me, magaliTad, Cemi megobrisagan

vici ekoproduqciis Sesaxeb, xolo reklamis

Sedegad rac meti xalxi gaigebs amas, miT

ukeTesi iqneba yvelasaTvis - momxmareb-

lisTvisac da glexisTvisac.

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis agrobiomravalferovnebis

samecniero sabWos Tavjdomare

avTandil koraxaSvili

g. eliavas saxelobis mikrobiologiisa da virusologi-

is s/k institutis ufrosi mecnieri TanamSromeli

mzia quTaTelaZe

bioproduqcia XXI saukunis dasawyisSi ara

marto moduria da prestiJuli, aramed sul ufro da

ufro meti momxmarebeli uCndeba. amasTan dakav-

SirebiT saqarTveloc ar aris CamorCenili. daax-

loebiT 3 wlis win SemuSavda bioproduqciis Se-

saxeb saqarTvelos kanoni, romelic parlamentSi

Zalian maRal Tarozea Semodebuli. maSin rodesac

evropis mraval qveyanaSi, magaliTad slovakeTis

respublikaSi, me wels Cemi TvaliT vnaxe, ra didi

moTxovnileba da fasebi aqvs bioproduqcias.

slovakeTi, romelic SedarebiT Raribi qveyanaa,

moZebnes es saSualeba, rom evrokavSiris qvey-

nebSi bioproduqciis eqsporti gaakeTon da is

daaxloebiT 2,5-3-jer Zviri Rirs, vidre Cve-

ulebrivi produqcia. me amxela preludia imitom

gavakeTe, rom saqarTvelos am mxriv Zalian didi

SesaZleblobebi aqvs. marto is rad Rirs, rom sa-

qarTvelos saTib-saZovrebze yovelTvis cota

mineraluri sasuqebi Sedioda, rac imas niSnavs,

rom saqarTveloSi ar aris saWiro, rom movi-

cadoT 10 weli imisaTvis, rom mineraluri sasuqe-

bis uaryofiTi efeqti Cairecxos, anu gruntis

wylebi gamovides da Semdeg gadavideT biopro-

duqciis warmoebaze. amitom saqarTvelom Tavis

sityva unda Tqvas am globalur masStabSi da pir-

vel rigSi, ra Tqma unda, evropis masStabiT. am

mimarTulebiT aucilebelia swored kanonis arse-

boba.

rac Seexeba Tqvens bazrobebs, albaT es `elka-

nas~ brali ar aris, rom masStabebi SezRudulia.

am saqmes ufro meti dafinanseba sWirdeba, unda

Camoyalibdes institucionaluri sistemebi, rom-

lebic Tavs mouyris, awarmoebs saqarTvelosTvis

maRali gemovnebiTi Tvisebebis mqone produq-

cias da gaxdis eqsportis sagnad. saqarTveloSi

pirveli mercxlebi am mimarTulebiT Tqven xarT.

kanoni, romelic me vaxsene, Cveni damuSavebulia

TqvenTan erTad da sawyenia, rom sami welia

devs. mas sWirdeba maqsimalurad gavrceleba,

magram mondomebis garda, amas finansebic

sWirdeba.



cxeni aqac Seucvlelia

es werili, romlis frang-

mentebsac `biomeurnis~ am

nomerSi gTvazobT daibeWda

rusul JurnalSi - `konevodstvo

i konni sport~ (`mecxeneoba

da sacxenosno sporti~, 1989,

#1; saTauriT - `mTis

maSvralni~). Semdeg, Tumca

umZimesi dro idga, misi

Semoklebuli varianti gamo-

qveynda gazeT `soflis

cxovrebaSi~ (1990, 13.I).

`biomeurnisaTvis~ es Tema

`elkanas~ samrCevlo samsax-

uris bolo gegmebis gacnobam

gagvaxsena. aqamde, ramdenadac

vici, mcire gamonaklisis

garda, biomeurneebis garja

soflis meurneobis ZiriTad

dargs - kulturul memcenare-

obas ukavSirdeboda. arada,

Cveni qveynis uZvelesi tradi-

ciebi mecxoveleobis sferoSi,

aborigenuli jiSebi, origi-

naluri produqcia Tavis mzrun-

vels elis. am mxriv ki arc

mecxeneobaa misaviwyebeli

dargi. Tavisufali meurnis

moTxovnilebani, klimatur-

geografiuli pirobebi, saerTo

sameurneo garemo,

mxareTmcodneobiTi turizmis

momavali kvlavac Seucvlel adg-

ils unarCunebs am cxovels.

nodarebraliZe

ar maxsovs, rom saqarTvelos, kerZod, mecxvareobis klasikuri regionis -

aRmosavleT kavkasionis mTebSi mogzaurobis Semdeg vinmes Tavisi

STabeWdilebani gaeziarebinois da qeba-dideba ar eTqvas am mTebis faunis

erTi uZvelesi warmomadgenlis - TuSuri cxenis mimarT. `cxeni ki ara, alpin-

istia, mTaSi navali iyoT ki ara, Tundac saxlidan fexi ar gqondeT gadg-

muli, anda simaRlisac geSinodeT, Tu cxens mogcemT vinme, SegiZliaT

miendoT da umSvenieresi xeobebi, ulamazesi soflebi SemoiaroT ramdenime

dReSi...~. magram arc tuCis abzuebaa ucxo misi misamarTiT: `TuSuri cxe-

nio... esec cxenia viTom! ra SeuZlia aseT cxens...~ amas ki namdvilad ver

gaigonebT mTidan Camosulisagan, ufro ipodromis tribunebsa da Tavlebs

gaSinaurebul, klasikuri sacxenosno sportis mayureblebs Soris Tu mohkravT

yurs, imaT Soris, visac kontaqti arc hqonia mTis cxenTan, da zerele,

TvalisTvis erTob wamgebiani SedarebiT msjelobs.

1987 wels saqarTvelos mTebSi

adre movida Tovli. rodesac man-

qaniT maRalmTiani saZovrebis cen-

tris - omalos gzas davadeqiT, sto-

ris xeobis SesasvlelSive mTeli are-

mare gaWediliyo mTebidan saCqarod

ayrili da didTovlobas gamoqceuli

cxvris farebiT. cxvris zRvaSi

kunZulebiviT Candnen mZime sapal-

neakidebuli bargis cxenebi, rom-

lebic mSvidad mohyvebodnen Ta-

vianTi farebis mdinares. storis

xeoba, romelsac zRvis donidan 2950

metrze mdebare abanos uReltexi-

lisaken mimavali gza gasdevs, Zalze

viwroa, cicabo da kldovania. TiT-

qmis 40 km. manZilze aq ver naxavT

adgils, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneba,

araTu cxvris fara, aramed bargis

cxenebi mainc rom moaZovo.

- `mTaSi muxlamde Tovlia, eseni

rom ar gvyolodnen, Zalian gagviWir-

deboda gadmosvla. 5 dRea gzas ukva-

laven faras. sapalne arc mogvixdia.

TovlqveS eZebdnen balaxs~. - es

gviTxra qvemo alvanis mecxvareobis

sabWoTa meurneobis erT-erTma bri-

grigadirma merab aSaZem. bargakidebu-

li cxenebi nayarze afofxebuliyvnen

da sul patara mwvane kunZulze bal-

axs Zovdnen, ise gulianad Seeqceod-

nen, gaunZrevlad, TiTqos win nar-

Cevi Svria eyaraT, gzis piras kvici

iwva, davxede; mxari gaglejili hqon-

da. - `eg zeviT mouvida, uReltexili

rom gadmoviareT, deda dawinaurda,

dauxvixvina. eg gamoucdelia jer.

kldeebze Cairbina, dagorda da ale-

sil fiqlebs Seaxia mxari; mainc iara

da, aha, samSvidobosaa~.

imave saRamos ki qvemo alvanis

mecxvareobis sabWoTa meurneobis

mecxeneobis sajiSe fermis gamge

jimSer gogoTiZem soflis saZovar-

ze saTiTaod maCvena Tavisi jogis

46 faSati da maTi naSieri. am fer-

mam didi muSaoba gaswia, rom 50-ian

wlebSi cxenis mimarT skeptikuri

damokidebulebis gamo Semcirebul su-

ladobaSi kvlav SeerCiaT TuSuri cxe-

nis tipuri warmomadgenlebi da per-

speqtiuli jogisaTvis moeyaraT

Tavi, raTa es modgma gadaSene-

bisagan exsnaT.

1313


zamTris saZovrebamde alvanidan erTi kviris savalia. oRond sanam

iqiT daiZrebodnen, erT-or kviras cxvari da mecxvareebi Tavis

soflebSi atareben. venaxebi ukve dakrefilia. esaa bednieri dro

cxovelebisa da mwyemsebisaTvis, maTi ojaxebisaTvis, najafari

cxenebi erT-or dReSi modian janze, mTis treningis keTilsmyofeli

gavlena ki xom sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, da stiqiurad imarTeba

doRebi, Sejibrebani, miT umetes, rom swored am periods emTxveva

qarTuli saxalxo dReoba àlaverdoba~ (XI s. alaverdis didebuli

taZari iqvea, alazangaRma).

magram es mainc lxini da garTobaa. soflis mSromelebisaTvis

esec aucilebelia.

saqarTveloSi mecxeneobis, sacxenosno xelovnebis siZveles mow-

mobs arqeologiuri Zeglebi, antikuri wyaroebi. isini met-naklebad

cnobilia specialistebisaTvis da maTi monacemebi asaxulia kidec

saTanado literaturaSi, amitom sityvas aRar gavagrZeleb. magram, Cemi

azriT, mkiTxvelisaTvis saintereso iqneba Sua saukuneebis rusul

wyaroebSi mocemuli cnobebi: e. odoncovis sagulisxmo naSromSi

`rusul enaSi ipologiuri leqsikis istoriidan~ (rusul enaze) qarTuli

cxeni moxseniebulia mxolod àrgamakis~ saxeliT; xolo es sityva

rusul enaSi aRniSnavda aRmosavluri warmoSobis maRal, sabrZolo

bedaurs. CvenTvis saintereso argamakze cota gviandel erT diplo-

matiur sabuTSic aris saubari. esaa `Tavadi miSeckisa da diaki

kliuCarevis elCoba 1640-1643 wlebSi~ (tfilisi, 1928). Tavadi

miSecki saqarTveloSi mefe mixeil Tevdores Zem gamogzavna. garda

wminda saxelmwifoebrivi miznebisa, ruseTis mefis elCs aseTi

sagangebo davalebac hqonia: `mefem icis, rom saqarTveloSi yvelaze

kargi cxenebi (àrgamakebi~) hyavTo; amitomac SearCieT saukeTeso

ulayi cxeni, axalgazrda, damdgari, lamazi, saRi, da didi

mzrunvelobiTa da sifrTxiliT moskovSi CamoiyvaneTo~.

es mcire istoriuli eqskursi SeiZleba arc iyos Cveni werilis

TemasTan dakavSirebuli, magram mainc saWirod miviCnieT, raTa

gveCvenebina, rom momTabare mecxvareobis Sefarebuli TuSuri cxeni,

iseve rogorc misi dasavlur-qarTuli TanamoZme - momTabare mecx-

oveleobis megobari megruli cxeni Zveli jiSobrivi jgufis

ganStoebaa da amdenad maTi genetikuri Rirseba SeiZleba ufro

mniSvnelovani iyos, vidre erTi

SexedviT mTis sasapalne baCa cxens

SeiZleba hqondes...

magram es yvelaferi istoria da

warsulia. davubrundeT dRevandelobas.

marTalia, axla omalos (TuSeTis cen-

trs) barTan samanqano gza akav-

Sirebs, xolo TviT omalodan xeobeb-

Sic Sedis Sida gzebi, magram

maRalmTianobis gamo es gzebi didx-

ans Caketilia.

cxeni mTaSi, miT umetes mecxva-

reebisaTvis, axlac Seucvlelia. verc

vetmfreni da verc avtomobili mis

yoveldRiur jafas ver Seasrulebs.

Tanac swored adgilobrivi cxeni

ivargebs yvelaze kargad. maRal

mTebSi, marTalia, manqanebisaTvis

jojoxeTuri, magram mainc gzebis

gayvanam axali ampluac SeiZleba

gauCinos aqaur cxens; es gaxlavT

saWapno transportSi misi gamo-

yeneba.

magram marto gafarToebuli sa-

meurneo saqmianobac araa bolo zRva-

ri. aqac specialists davuTmoT sity-

va: prof. i. barmincevi wers (Jurn.

`konevodstvo i konni sport~, #5,

1987), rom bavSvTa sacxenosno

sportSi ZviradRirebuli bedaurebis

nacvlad ajobebso adgilobrivi tan-

morCili cxenebis gamoyeneba. igi

sxva jiSebis gverdiT asaxelebs meg-

rul da TuSur cxenebsac.

mxolod uerTgules suliers SeuZlia

andos dedam Svili TuSeTSi, nayaviCos

uReltexilis bilikebze.

fotoebi oTar cqvitiniZisa, 1972 weli

am mxriv Cvens cxenebs namdvilad

sWirdebaT megobruli xelis miSve-

leba. sacxenosno bazebSi maT ver

SevxvdebiT. mizezi bevria: Zveli

inercia, Tavlebis nakleboba, soflad,

zogierTi raionis gamoklebiT, sac-

xenosno sportis masobriobis daqve-

iTeba. arada tanmorCil TuSur da meg-

rul cxenebs marto sabavSvo sports

rodi SeuZliaT gauwion samsaxuri.

sacxenosno turizmisaTvis isini

saukeTesoni arian, arc raiterTe-

rapiis moTxovnebia dasaviwyebeli...

`biomeurnis~ redaqciis gulisxmie-

rebis mimarT umadurobad miviCnevdi,

rom mxolod 16 wlis winandeli wer-

ilis xelaxla gamoqveynebiT momexa-

da cxenis gulSematkivris vali.

bedad, roca es nomeri mzaddeboda,

maSin mouwia gamorCeuli qarTuli

soflis - martyofis didma dReobam

- aparnobam (ixdian aRdgomis meore

kviradRes). am dReobaze, romelic

Widaobis asparezobiTaa cnobili,

bolo wlebSi doRic tardeba. avd-

rebis miuxedavad, 12 monawile dadga

startze, manamde ki guli ijeres bi-

Webma aRma-daRma WenebiT (ras izam,

axaluxlebma, sofladac ki, aRar ician

cxenis yadri). yvelani e.w. mTis

cxenebis jiSobrivi jgufis saxeobas

ganekuTvnebodnen. maTSic gamoirCe-

odnen Zvalmsxvili, dinji, `matarebe-

li~ TeTroni iabo, mcire aziasa da



kavkasiaSi Zvel saferxe saxeobad aRiarebuli Calisferi (zeirndagi)

bedaurebis aSkara STamomavali axalgazrda faSati, romlis proporciul

aRnagobas da baraqian moZraobas wvrilZvlianoba Crdilavda (mozardobisas

nawvnevi SimSilis kvali); xolo roSkelma uCa wiklaurma asparezobas mTis

doRebSi nacadi lurja da qurana ori Zuagamonaskvuli bedauri gauria da

doRs namdvili Jini da xalxuroba Semata.

uCa axalgazrda meurnea. roSkaSi (piraqeTa xevsureTis sofelia,

gudamayris, xevis da arxotis xeobis gzajvaredinze) 25-mde Zroxa hyolia,

cxadia, adgilobrivi jiSis. martyofis midamoebSi mis axloblebs

gamouzamTrebiaT saqoneli da maT uTxoviaT, doRSi gamosuliyo. asea,

meurne xalxi TviTonve poulobs gzebs mesaqonleobisa da mecxvareobis

SesanarCuneblad, sazamTro saZovrebis Cvenive qveynis farglebSi

moZiebiT da Zveleburadve mTa-bars Soris sameurneo, urTierTxelsayreli

urTierTobis gaxsenebiT...

cxeni ki aqac Seucvlelia...

mkiTxvelebs Sevaxseneb, rom cxeni gamorCeuli pirutyvia Tavisi ekologiuri, garemosdacviTi

mniSvnelobiTac. oriode sagulisxmo cnobas mogawvdiT: qarTul yofaSi siRaribis

dauZinebeli mtris saxed qceuli cxvari balaxeulis 600-mde saxeobidan 570-s Wams, cxeni bevrad

cotas, Tumca Zroxaze mets - 82-s, magram mecxvareoba, miT umetes CvenSi, ucxenod warmoud-

genelia! Tanac misi Zovebis xasiaTi mkveTrad gansxvavebulia da bunebis sasikeTodaa

mimarTuli! `mcoxnavTagan gansxvavebiT cxens sakbeCi kbulebi marto qveda ybaze ki ara aqvs,

aramed zedazedac. es exmareba mas balaxis bRujebi fesvebianad ki ar amoZiZgnos, aramed

amorCeviT mohkriWos niadags garkveul simaRleze. sakvebi resursebis aTvisebis es tipi yve-

laze xelsayrelia fitocenozisaTvis. cxeni mxolod qorfa ylortebs hparsavs da mcenares

axali vegetaciis stimuls aniWebs da am dros uvnebelia mcenaris fesvebi, ar ziandeba kordi

da, saerTod, niadagis fena~ (v. klimovi, `pJevalskis cxeni~, m., 1990)... esec xom beWeds

usvams mis Seucvlelobas

1515


muxis kasrSi

Rvinis davargeba

ggggiiiioooorrrrggggiiii bbbbaaaarrrriiiissssaaaaSSSSvvvviiiilllliiiikonsultanti mevenaxeoba-

meRvineobis dargSi

muxis kasrSi Senaxul Rvinos

gansakuTrebuli gemo da xarisxobrivi

Tvisebebi aqvs. muxis kasri mxolod

WurWeli ar aris, igi Rvinis davargebaSic

monawileobs, aumjobesebs gemos da

aZlevs met simtkices. amitom muxis

kasrs marTebulad uwodeben teqnologiur

WurWels. adre, zogierT qveyanaSi, muxis

masalis naklebobis gamo, kasrs wablis,

wiflis, TuTis, akaciis, naZvisa da sxv.

jiSis xis masalisganac amzadebdnen,

magram aseTi kasri xarisxiT muxisas

bevrad Camouvardeba.

muxis kasris Sefasebis erT-erTi

ZiriTadi kriteriumia - muxis geografi-

uli adgilmdebareoba. kasrisaTvis muxa

unda SeirCes foriani struqturis,

agreTve, polifenolebisa da aromatuli

nivTierebebis Semcvelobis mixedviT. am

maCveneblebze ki gavlenas axdens muxis

geografiuli adgilmdebareoba, niadagis

tipi, klimati, tyis sixSire da sxv.

upiratesoba eniWeba mSral, mTagorian

adgilas moWril muxas. igi mkvrivi da

wvrilforovania. dablob adgilas gazr-

dili muxis xis merqani ki didforovani

da naklebad mtkicea, Zlier Jonvadia da

bevrsac iSrobs.

kasris dasamzadeblad gankuTvnil

muxis masalas Ria cis qveS daaxloebiT

2 weli aCereben: igi Sreba, kargavs

arasasiamovno mware gemos da iZens

SesaniSnav surnels. SesaZlebelia muxis

masalis fardulSi gaSrobac. Rvinis kas-

ris SeRebva dasaSvebia (saRebavi avsebs

forebs da zRudavs maTSi Jangbadis

moZraobas, rac aucilebeli pirobaa Rvi-

nis davargebisTvis), magram gasaTva-

liswinebelia saRebavis xarisxi (igi ar

unda gaxdes Rvinis qimiuri an sxv. saxis

dabinZurebis wyaro), miT umetes Tu Tqven bioRvinos awarmoebT.

cariel kasrebs mSral adgilas (ara Ria cis qveS) inaxaven. tenian

adgilas kasris Sida zedapirze SesaZloa obi gaCndes, xolo Ria cis

qveS kasri zedmetad gamoSres da daiSalos. cariel kasrSi periodulad

axrColeben gogirds (Tve-TvenaxevarSi erTxel), ris Semdegac kasrs

aucileblad ukeTeben sacobs.

arsebobs kasrebis Senaxvis e.w. `sveli~ meTodic: kasrSi asxamen

wyals da umateben gogirdis anhidrids (100 ml/l) da Rvinis mJavas an

limonmJavas. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom kasrebis gamosarecxad

gamoyenebul wyals unda hqondes sasmeli wylis xarisxi.

maransa da sardafSi RviniT savse kasrebi specialur Zelebze ewyo-

ba. pirdapir miwaze kasris dadgma ar SeiZleba, vinaidan kasri male

fuWdeba da Rvinom SeiZleba raime gareSe toni SeiZinos. dauSvebelia

maransa an sardafSi, sadac RviniT savse kasrebi inaxeba, mkveTri

sunis mqone produqtis an raime sagnebis Tundac mcire droiT Senaxva.

kasris gare zedapiri rom ar gamoSres da Rvinom Jonva ar daiwyos,

an, zedmeti tenis gamo, tenma RvinoSi rom ar SeaRwios, aucilebelia

sardafSi an maranSi haeris fardobiTi tenianoba iyos 80 %, haeris

temperatura ki 10-15oC.

Rvinis Sesanaxi xis WurWeli Zneli mosavlelia, Sromatevadia da

moiTxovs zedmiwevniT codnasa da gamocdilebas, ris gamo, bevrma

meRvinem mis gamoyenebaze uari Tqva. Tumca aseT WurWelSi dayenebu-

li da Senaxuli Rvinis gansakuTrebuli xarisxis gamo, xis kasrebis

gamoyenebis praqtika Tanamedrove meRvineobaSi sul ufro farTovdeba.

dabolos, meRvineebo, nu SegeSindebaT siZneleebis, daxarjeT meti

Sroma da Sedegic ar daayovnebs - kargi xarisxis Rvinos saqarTveloSic

da mis farglebs gareTac moeZebneba damfasebeli.



biologiur meurneobaSi

niadagis nayofierebis

amaRlebasa da mdgradi

SenarCunebisaTvis didi

mniSvneloba eniWeba mwvane

sasuqebs.

mwvane sasuqebi farTod

gamoiyeneba msoflios bevr

qveyanaSi, TiTqmis yvelgan

mwvane sasuqebad iyeneben

Sualedur kulturebs, mxolod

Zlier gamofitul niadagebze

da aseve mecxoveleobis fer-

mebidan Zlier daSorebul

nakveTebze mwvane sasuqebi

mohyavT rogorc ZiriTadi

kultura.

mwvane sasuqebs iyeneben

nakelisa da sxva organuli

sasuqebis ukmarisobis

pirobebSi, niadagis nay-

ofierebis amaRlebisaTvis.

sideratebis gamoyeneba war-

moadgens sasoflo-sameurneo

kulturebis mosavlis

gazrdisa da niadagis yvela

Tvisebis gaumjobesebis karg

saSualebas.

mwvane sasuqebi -

sideratebi

mwvane sasuqebi warmoadgenen kulturebs, isini mohyavT mwvane masisaTvis,

romelic Semdgom niadagSi unda Caixnas. am dros xdeba jer kidev cocxali,

wvniani da nawilobriv gaxevebuli mcenareebisa da maTi jer kidev moqmedi

fesvebis Caxvna niadagSi. Caxvnis momentisaTvis sideratebi mdidaria

SaqrebiT, saxamebliT, vitaminebiT da fermentebiT. es principulad ganasx-

vavebs mwvane sasuqebs sxva organuli sasuqebisagan.

imis garkveva, Tu riTi gansxvavdebian sideratebi sxva sasuqebisagan,

SeiZleba mdogvis magaliTze, romelic daTesilia saSemodgomo xorblis aRebis

Semdeg. Tu mdogvis mwvane masas Semodgomaze CavxnavT, rodesac is jer kidev

mwvanea da ar aris yinvisagan dazianebuli, es mwvane sasuqia, magram Tu imave

mdogvs davtovebT gazafxulamde mindorSi da gazafxulze moyinuls CavxnavT

niadagSi, maSin es ubralod organuli sasuqi iqneba, Tumca saeWvo xarisxisa.

mwvane sasuqebisaTvis xSirad iyeneben parkosnebs, romelTa fesvebze mcx-

ovreb koJris baqteriebs SeuZliaT atmosferuli azotis fiqsacia da niadagis

gamdidreba azotiT. amdidreben ra azotiT niadags, mwvane sasuqebi aumjobe-

seben Semdgomi kulturebis kvebas. mwvane sasuqebi niadagis ganoyierebis efe-

qturobis TvalsazrisiT ar Camouvardebian nakels.

sxvadasxva kulturebi niadagis Tvisebebze sxvadasxvanairad moqmedeben. ase,

magaliTad, parkosnebi, mniSvnelovnad amdidreben niadags organuli nivTi-

erebebiT, xolo niadagis wylisa da haeris reJimebis gaumJobesebaSi wamyvan

rols asruleben marcvlovnebi. mZime niadagebze isini aumjobeseben maTs

struqturas, Slian ra niadags mcire nawilakebad, msubuq niadagebze ki aumjobe-

seben niadagis wylis Sekavebis unars. amitom xSirad mwvane sasuqebs Tesaven

narevebis saxiT.

aseve aucilebelia, gaviTvaliswinoT, rom nebismieri mwvane sasuqis zemo-

qmedeba damokidebulia ara marto SerCeul kulturebze, aramed asakzec, mwvane

masis raodenobaze da aseve im drozec, romelic gadis ZiriTadi kulturis da-

Tesvamde. ai, ratomaa aucilebeli sideraciis garkveuli, kerZod ki Semdegi

wesebis dacva:

- niadagi kargad unda iyos gafxvierebuli Teslis Tanabrad da mcire

siRrmeze CasaTesad.

- ar SeiZleba sideratebad jvarosnebis gamoyeneba, Tu SemdgomSi amave nak-

veTze igegmeba imave ojaxis warmomadgenlis, magaliTad, kombostos moy-

vana

- mwvane sasuqebis Caxvna rekomendebulia mcenareTa yvavilobamde, vidre

maT ar warmoqmnes azotiT Raribi da naxSirwylebiT mdidari uxeSi Rero,

romelic Znelad iSleba.

rrrraaaassss wwwwaaaarrrrmmmmooooaaaaddddggggeeeennnneeeennnn ssssiiiiddddeeeerrrraaaatttteeeebbbbiiii,,,, iiiiggggiiiivvvveeee mmmmwwwwvvvvaaaannnneeee

ssssaaaassssuuuuqqqqeeeebbbbiiii,,,, ddddaaaa rrrrooooggggoooorrrr xxxxddddeeeebbbbaaaa mmmmaaaaTTTTiiii ggggaaaammmmooooyyyyeeeennnneeeebbbbaaaa????

facelia

vvvvaaaannnnoooo lllloooollllaaaaZZZZeeee

biomrCeveli

((

- imisaTvis, rom siderati advilad daiSalos, misi Caxvnis siRrme ar unda aRematebodes mZime niadagebze - 10

sm-s, xolo msubuq niadagebze - 15 sm-s.

- ZiriTadi kultura ar unda daiTesos sideratis Caxvnidan ori - sami kviris gasvlamde.

parkosnebidan sideratebad xSirad Semdeg kulturebs iyeneben: bardas, osps, ZiZos, cercvs, culispiras, esparcets,

samyuras, ionjas da sxv. araparkosani kulturebidan am mxriv sainteresoa wiwibura, mdogvi, Svria, rafsi, Wvavi,

facelia, mzesumzira da sxv.

mcire farTobis mflobelebs SeiZleba SevTavazoT

mwvane sasuqebiT niadagis ganoyierebis Semdegi meTo-

debi:

1. axali, daqucmacebuli (daqucmaceba sasurvelia) mwvane

masis uSualo Setana niadagSi misi Semdgomi CaxvniT.

principSi es meTodi Cveulebrivi organuli sasuqebis

Setanisagan gansxvavdeba mxolod samuSaoebis Sesru-

lebis vadiT.

2. niadagis mulCireba daqucmacebuli mcenareebiT - Zalian

martivi da efeqturi meTodia. mulCirebis win saWiroa

Semdegi samuSaoebis Catareba: niadagis gaToxna,

gafxviereba, naTesis gamargvla. mulCis fena SeiZleba

8-10 sm sisqis iyos, ufro mcire sisqis SemTxvevaSi

mulCi araefeqturia, xolo ufro sqelma fenam SeiZleba

daakninos kulturuli mcenareebi. mwvane mulCis fena

erTdroulad ramdenime funqcias asrulebs: unarCunebs

niadags tenianobas, icavs niadags wylismieri da

qarismieri eroziisagan, zRudavs sarevelebis zrdas,

Tumca mxolod erTwlianebis, xels uSlis niadagis

zedapirze qerqis warmoqmnas, warmoadgens damatebiT

sakvebs kulturuli mcenareebisaTvis organuli masalis

TandaTanobiTi daSlis xarjze, qmnis WiayelebisaTvis

xelsayrel pirobebs.

1717


cercvela

mwvane sasuqebi daTesvis vadisa da moyvanis pirobebis

mixedviT Semdegi saxis SeiZleba iyos:

1. damoukidebeli (ZiriTadi), Tu nakveTi

TiTqmis mTeli savegetacio periodis

ganmavlobaSi dakavebulia sideraluri

kulturebiT

2. Sualeduri, Tu siderats farTobi ukavia

erTi kulturis mosavlis aRebasa da meore

kulturis daTesvas Soris.

3. saTibi, Tu mwvane sasuqi mohyavT erT adgi-

las, xolo gaTibvis Semdeg sxvagan gadaaqvT

da Caxnaven.



vazis normaluri ganviTareba, mosavlianobis gazr-da da yurZnis produqciis xarisxobrivi maCveneb-lebis gaumjobeseba mWidrod ukavSirdeba TviTjiSis Taviseburebebs, garemo pirobebs, agroteqnikisCatarebis sizustes da mniSvnelovanwilad imRonisZiebebs, romelTac mevenaxe vazis mavnebel-daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis mimarTavs

mcenareTa dacvis

biomeTodebis

gamoyeneba

mevenaxeobaSi

iiiiaaaaggggoooo bbbbiiiittttaaaarrrriiiiSSSSvvvviiiilllliiii

biomrCeveli

mcenareTa dacvis strategia Wraqis

winaaRmdeg:

- interspecifikuri, medegi aborigenuli

vazis jiSebis gaSeneba;

- winaswari (profilaqtikuri)

RonisZiebebi;

- foTlebis wamloba, foTlebis Secla

(gafurCna), gverdiTi da mokle ylorte-

bis Secla;

- mcenareTa Sewamvla;

- niadagis zedapirze kompostisa da

mulCis gamoyeneba;

- xSiri wvimebisa da maRali sinotivis,

aseve yvavilobis wina da yvavilobis

Semdgom periodebSi spilenZis Semcveli

preparatebis gazrdili koncentracia;

biomevenaxeobis erT-erTi upirvelesi amocanaa ara

mavnebel daavadebebTan brZola, aramed saRi da

daavadebaTa mimarT gamZle mcenareebis gazrda. Tumca

Tu profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebi Sedegs ar iZleva,

cxadia, brZolis RonisZiebebi unda gamoiyenoT.

Tumca mcenareTa dacva savsebiT SesaZlebelia qimiuri

da toqsikuri preparatebis gareSec. mag., sokovani

daavadebis winaaRmdeg biomeurnes SeuZlia mxolod

Semdegi saxis fungicidebis gamoyeneba: spilenZi,

gogirdi, gogirdis Semcveli Tixa.

saqarTveloSic da, saerTod, notio klimatis

qveynebSi mevenaxeobis umTavresi daavadebaa Wraqi.

amitom, mevenaxeebi mTavar aqcents akeTeben Wraqze..

gansakuTrebiT didi yuradReba eqceva vazis yvav-

ilobamde da yvavilobis Semdeg Sesxurebas.

vazis Wraqis winaaRmdeg gamocdilia spilenZis

sxvadasxva naerTebis moqmedeba, spilenZis eqstremalu-

rad dabali dozebis gamoyenebiT. spilenZis erTi da

igive raodenoba iqna gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva

SemTxvevebSi da aRmoCnda, rom tradiciuli (CuSO4)

ukeTes Sedegs iZleva, vidre modernizebuli formebi.

Wraqis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis didi mniSvneloba

aqvs misi gamoCenis SesaZleblobis winaswar gansazRv-

ras, vinaidan Wraqis winaaRmdeg brZola profilaqtikuri

xasiaTisaa. wamlobis droulad Catareba am daavadebis

winaaRmdeg brZolis ucilebeli pirobaa. amitomaa, rom

zogni miuxedavad imisa, rom 7-8 jer atareben venaxis

Sesxurebas, saTanado efeqts mainc ver iReben, xolo

zogierTebi ki 4-5 wamlobiTac advilad aRweven

sasurvel Sedegs. Sesxurebis mravalgzis Catarebas ki

ara aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba, mTavaria, rodis

Catardeba Sesxureba.

Wraqis gamoCenis SesaZleblobis gansazRvrisaTvis

Semdegi monacemebiT unda visargebloT: daavadebis ga-

momwvevi sporebi viTardebian mxolod wylis wveTebSi,

romlebic foTlebze Cndeba maRali tenianobis dros

(wvimis, namis an Zlieri nislis dros), sporebi mSral

amindebSi ar viTardebian.

daavadebis ganviTarebis xangrZlivoba damokidebulia

temperaturze, swored am damokidebulebas aRwers miule-

ris sainkubacio mrudi. abscisaze aRniSnulia temperatu-

ra, xolo ordinataze dReebi. cxrilze gavlebuli mrudis

meSveobiT SeiZleba davadginoT sainkubacio periodis

1919


rac Seexeba nacars, ukve aRvniSneT, rom bio-

mevenaxeobaSi mis winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba gogirdi,

rogorc Txevad ise fxvier mdgomareobaSi.

saqarTveloSi (gansakuTrebiT bolo periodSi) da

ara marto saqarTveloSi, mavneblebidan ZiriTadi

problemaa yurZnis Wia. yurZnis Wiis winaaRmdeg

efeqturi saSualebaa misi bunebrivi mtris kriptole-

musis gamoyeneba. kriptolemusi mtacebeli xoWoa.

igi Semoyvanes avstraliidan aWaraSi citrusebis

mavneblis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. Semoyvanidan 1

Tvis ganmavlobaSi man praqtikulad gaasufTava

aWaris citrusebis plantaciebi saSiSi mavneblisagan.

erTi xoWo dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi spobs yurZnis

Wiis kvercxebis naxevars. saerTo jamSi, xoWo

Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi, spobs yurZnis Wiis

4000-4200 kvercxs. kriptolemusis ganviTarebis

cikli 25oC-is dros grZeldeba 30 dRe, xolo 20oC-

is dros 40 dRe. xelsayreli garemos SemTxvevaSi

xoWo iZleva 3 Taobas. kriptolemusis erT-erTi

naklia susti gamZleoba Zlieri yinvisa da gvalvis

mimarT. amitom misi gamoyvana xdeba laboratoriaSi

(baTumSi), saidanac SesaZlebelia adre gazafxulze

maTi SeZena.

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

dReebi

temperatura o C

venaxSi biomeTodebis gamoyenebiT

Tqven SeamcirebT vazis mavnebel-

davadebebisgan miyenebul zarals,

daicavT produqcias da garemos

dabinZurebisagan da momxmarebels

miawodebT ekologiurad sufTa,

maRalxarisxovan Rvinos.

sainkubacio periodis

xangrZlivoba

xangrZlivoba sxvadasxva temperaturaze, Tu, magaliTad, haeris saSualo temperatura udris 18oC-s da tenianobac xel-

sayrelia, sokos ganviTareba 6 dRis ganmavlobaSi dasruldeba.

adre gazafxulidanve yoveldRe unda warmoebdes dakvirveba haeris temperaturaze da Tu haeris saSualo dReRamuri

temperatura 13oC -ze metia da tenianobac maRalia, infeqcia usaTuod ganviTardeba (ix miuleris mrudi).



brokols qarTulad satacura kombosto (a. mayaSvili) hqvia. sakvebad

gamoiyeneba Tavaki, naz Reroze moTavsebuli yvavilovani kokrebis kona.

8-20sm diametris Tavaki SeiZleba iyos mwvane, mewamuli an TeTri feris.

saadreo jiSebis Tavakebi wvrili da faSaria da erTdroulad xdeba gverdiTi

Tavakebis warmoqmna. sagviano jiSebs msxvili, centraluri Tavaki uviTardeba,

romlis moWris Semdeg swrafad izrdeba gverdiTi ylortebi, romlebic meore

mosavals iZleva.

moyvanis pirobebi:

brokolisTvis optimaluri temperaturaa 16-25oC. SemodgomiT brokoli

_10oC-mde yinvebs uZlebs. haeris optimaluri tenianobaa 85%, xolo niadagisa

_ 70%. brokoli sinaTlis moyvaruli mcenarea, amitom mis mosayvanad irCeven

mzian farTobebs. brokoli naklebmomTxovnia niadgis mimarT, rogorc sxva

kombostosnairebisTvis, misTvisac optimaluria gamkvrivebuli, organuli

nivTierebebiT mdidari niadagi. saukeTesoa neitraluri niadagi, (kordiani

eweri, mdelos, tyis nacrisferi, Cveulebrivi Savmiwa tipis niadagebi), Tumca

brokoli, praqtikulad nebismier niadagze SeiZleba moiyvano, gamonaklisia

qviSiani da Waobiani niadagebi.

brokolisaTvis SerCeul nakveTze SemodgomiT SeaqvT komposti an gadamw-

vari nakeli (5-6kg/m2) da gadabaraven. gazafxulze niadags ar baraven, mxolod

zedapirulad afxviereben focxiT. Tu Tqvens nakveTze izrdeba Svita, mJauna

es niadagis mJavianobis niSania, rac arasasurvelia brokolisaTvis. ganeitrale-

ba aseTi niadagebis SesaZlebelia mokirianebiT an wvrilad dafqvili dolomi-

tis fqvilis gamoyenebiT. Sesatani raodenoba, mJvianobisa da niadagis

siaxlesiaxle Tqvens bostanSi

zogierT adamians `SeCveuli Wiri~ urCevnia da cvlilebebs eWvis

TvaliT uyurebs, Tumca arian `eqsperimentatorebic~, romlebic mzad

arian, nebismier siaxle miiRon da gamoscadon. Tu am ukanasknel jgufs

miekuTvnebiT da aratradiciuli jiSebis moyvana-danergvis interesi

gaqvT, gaecaniT kombostosnairTa saintereso warmomadgenlebs -

brokolsa da kolrabs.

- dro daTesvidan

aRmocenebamde - 7-12 dRe

- Teslis saSualo raodenoba

1 gramSi - 285

- erTi Ziris saSualo

mosavlianoba - 600 gr

- dro daTesvidan mosavlis

aRebamde - 12 kvira (mwvane

jiSebi); 44 kvira (mewamuli

da TeTri jiSebi)

vvvvaaaassssiiiillll aaaaxxxxvvvvlllleeeeddddiiiiaaaannnniiii

biomrCeveli

b r o k o l ib r o k o l i

2121


CiTilis gamoyvana da gadargva

brokoli mohyavT rogorc TesliT, aseve CiTiliT. saadreo mosavlis

misaRebad iyeneben CiTilis meTods. Tesls martSi Tesaven, xolo mud-

miv adgilze CiTils gadargaven 35-45 dRis Semdeg. standartul CiTils

unda hqondes 5-6 foToli. kvalSi CiTilis gadargva xdeba aprilis bolos

- maisis dasawyisSi. wina dRes CiTilebs rwyaven. gadargvisas CiTils

niadagSi aTavseben 2sm-iT ufro Rrmad, vidre igi iyo saCiTile

nakveTze, da kargad Semoayrian miwas Reros irgvliv. gadargvis Semdeg

mcenareebs rwyaven.

mwkrivSi Tesvis sqema Semdegia: mcenareebs Soris toveben 30-35sm-

s, mwkrivebs Soris - 55-65sm-s. brokoli SeiZleba TesliTac moviyvanoT.

maisis pirvel ricxvebSi brokols Tesaven, amosvlis Semdeg aRmonacens

ameCxereben. centraluri Tavakis misaRebad mcenareebs Soris toveben

30-35 sm-s, xolo gverdiTi ylortebis misaRebad ameCxereben ise, rom

mcenareebs Soris manZili iyos 40-45 sm.

movla

mcenaris irgvliv niadags regularulad afxviereben. zafxulSi movla

Semoifargleba morwyviT da niadagis tenianobis SenarCunebiT,

risTvisac akeTeben mulCirebas. mosavlianobis gazrdis mizniT perio-

dulad mcenares aZleven damatebiT sakvebs. pirveli damatebiTi kveba

xorcieldeba CiTilis gadargvidan 10 dRis Semdeg (daduRebuli wunwuxiT,

10l wyali da 2kg nakeli). meore _ brokolis Tavis Canasaxis gaCenisas.

(imave xsnariT) erT mcenareze daaxloebiT 1 litri xsnari ixarjeba

damatebiT sakvebs aZleven aseve xangrZlivi wvimebis Semdegac.

mosavlis aReba

zrdasrul, formirebul yva-

vileds Wrian butonis gaxs-

namde (gaxsnili yvaviledi

magrdeba da sakvebad uvar-

gisia); Tavidan Wrian Sua

yvavileds. amis Semdeg

warmoiqmneba gverdiTi ylor-

tebi _ meore mosavali,

mTlianobaSi mosavlis aReba

grZeldeba daaxloebiT 6

kviris ganmavlobaSi

dacva mavneblebisa da daavadebe-

bisagan

brokols, iseve rogorc sxva kom-

bostosnairebs, mravali mavnebeli

azianebs _ lokokina, kombostos

bugri, jvarosanTa rwyili, kombos-

tos cxvirgrZela, kombostos buzi,

kombostos xvatari, bolokisa da

kombostos TeTrulebi da sxv.

brokolis dacva am mavneblebisgan

SeiZleba kvlebs Soris iseTi mcena-

reebis SeTesviT, romelTa sunic

afrTxobs mavneblebs. mag.: abzinda

afrTxobs kombostos buzs, baRis

pitna - kombostos TeTrulas mat-

lebs, niori - kombostos buzis

matlebs, rehani da kama _ bugrs, qon-

dari da salbi _ xvatars, WinWari -

lokokinebs, zogadad mavneblebis

winaaRmdeg karg efeqts iZleva

mulCireba (CiTilebis gadargvisTa-

nave). profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebis

garda mavneblebis, winaaRmdeg arse-

bobs mza biopreparatebic mag.,

fitovermi.

- mZime metalebis Semcveloba ar unda

aRematebodes dasaSveb normas;

- niadagis tipi: msubuqi da saSualo

Tixnaramde;

- niadagis ph - 6.0-7.2;

- humusis horizonti - 35-40sm;

- humusis Semcveloba - 3%-ze meti

- gruntis wylebis done 1.20m-ze Rrmad;

- niadagis saSualo simkvrive 1-1.2g/sm2;Teslbrunva da winamorbedebi

saukeTeso winamorbedebia:

brokolisaTvis: erTwliani sakvebi

balaxnarevi (barda+Svria,

cercvela+Svria), samarcvle parkos-

nebi, saSemodgomo Wvavi, Sualeduri

sideraluri kulturebi.

dasaSvebi winamorbedebia:

kartofili, stafilo, kitri, pomi-

dori, Warxali.

arasasurveli winamorbedebia:

Talgami, Talgamura, boloki, Tvis

boloki, mdogvi, kombostos sxva

jiSebi.

imave nakveTze brokolis dabruneba

SesaZlebelia mxolod 3-4 wlis

Semdeg.

simZimis xarisxidan gamomdinare, meryeobs 3-4t heqtarze.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom RonisZieba (mokirianeba) 15-20%-

iT amcirebs kombostos TavSi mZime metalebis Semcvelobas.

Tu niadagis analizis survili da SesaZlebloba gaqvT,

sasargebloa, icodeT, rom kombostosnairebisaTvis sauke-

Teso niadagi Semdeg moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes:



kolrabi im bostneulTa rigSia, romelTa mosavalic Tqvens bostanSi yvelaze adre SeiZleba aiRoT. kolrabi

gamoirCeva kargi gemovnebiTi TvisebebiT, didi raodenobiT Seicavs vitamin C-s (am mxriv igi uaxlovdeba

forToxalsa da limons), agreTve - mineralur marilebs (gansakuTrebiT kalciumsa da rkinas). sakvebad gamoiyeneba

kolrabis gamsxvilebuli Rero - Rero-nayofi. kolrabi Zalze swrafad mwifdeba - saadreo jiSebis daTesvidan

mosavlis aRebamde sul 2 Tve gadis, sagviano jiSebisTvis - 4-5 Tve.

saadreo da sagviano kolrabis

CiTilebis gamoyvana

1 gr Teslisagan miiReba 100 cali CiTili, romelic ikavebs 6-12 m2

farTobs Ria gruntSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom 1 gr kolrabis Tesli Sedgeba

250 marcvlisagan, ar unda viangariSoT 100 muSa (vargis) CiTilze metis

miReba. kargad momwifebuli Teslisagan aRmoceneba 80%-s aRwevs, magram

aRmocenebulebidan zogierTi Zalian sustia da unda ganadgurdes. susti

CiTilisagan Zalian patara nayofi miiReba, amitom, rogorc wesi, unda

gadairgas mxolod jansaRi da Zlieri CiTilebi.

saadreo kolrabis CiTilebi kargad viTardeba msubuq, noyier niadage-

bze. misi gadargva xdeba aprilis TveSi. am periodSi mZime niadagebi jer

kidev ar aris gamTbari da amitom masze darguli kolrabi nela viTardeba.

saadreo kolrabis moyvanis mTavari piroba ki - misi swrafi da

Seuferxebeli zrdaa. saadreo kolrabisTvis gankuTvnili nakveTi

Semodgomaze unda damuSavdes da ganoyierdes. gazafxulze, dargvis win,

nakveTs saTanadod afxviereben da asworeben focxiT. aRniSnuli nakveTi

qarisagan daculi unda iyos.

saadreo kolrabis moyvana SesaZlebelia, Tu CiTili qoTnebSi aris

gamoyvanili an Tu igi pikirebulia Tbil saTburebSi, nawrTobia da kar-

gad ganviTarebuli fesvTa sistema aqvs. aseTi CiTilis gamosayvanad

saWiroa saTburi. saTburSi Tesli unda daiTesos ukve TebervalSi. amin-

di am dros aramdgradia da naTesis daRupvis riski arsebobs, amitom

saWiroa regularuli yuradReba. civ saTburebSi kolrabis daTesva

SesaZlebelia martis meore naxevarSi, raTa aprilis bolos an maisis

dasawyisisaTvis ukve CiTili iyos mzad. aseT SemTxvevaSi mosavali

SeiZleba aviRoT ivnisis bolos an ivlisis dasawyisSi.

imisaTvis, rom CiTili kargad gaizardos, saTburSi 1 m2-ze unda

davTesoT ara umetes 3-4 gr Tesli. CiTilis xarisxi damokidebulia

Teslis Tanabar ganawilebaze. naTess zevidan unda daeyaros qviSnari

niadagi an qviSa, raTa morwyvis dros Tesli zedapirze ar amotivtivdes.

aRmocenebamde kvlebi gayinvisagan SeiZleba davicvaT maTze namjis

mopneviT.

gadargvis wina kviraSi kvlebi SeiZleba mTlianad gadaixados, raTa

moxdes CiTilebis wrToba.

kolrabi gamZlea arasasurveli

pirobebis mimarT, magram

misTvis ukeTesia nayofieri da

teniani niadagebi. kolrabi

momTxovnia tenis mimarT -

mSral pirobebSi misi Rero

knindeba da uxeSdeba. zedmeti

teni ki daavadebis gamomwvevi

SeiZleba gaxdes. kolrabisTvis

optimaluria mziani farTobi,

Tumca itans mcire

daCrdilvasac.

kolrabi bunebrivad orwliani

kulturaa. es imas niSnavs, rom

igi yvavilobs da iZleva Tesls

meore wels. normalur

pirobebSi zamTarSi igi wyvets

vegetacias da mcenareSi mimd-

inareobs ayvavebisaTvis

momzadebis saWiro procesebi.

igive procesebi mimdinareobs

vegetaciis Seyovnebisas,

romelic SeiZleba gamowveuli

iyos sxvadasxva mizezebiT,

rogoricaa civi, wvimiani amin-

debi an CiTilebis dagvianebuli

gadargva. amitom saadreo

jiSebad unda gamoviyenoT

`auRerebeli" an L`rogli". es

jiSebi ar aRerdebian maSinac

ki, Tuki vegetaciis periodSi

temperatura mkveTrad daiklebs,

xolo iseTi cnobili jiSebi,

rogoricaa `delikatesi" da

`venuri", ar aris

mizanSewonili, gamoviyenoT,

rogorc saadreo jiSebi Ria

gruntSi mosayvanad.

k o l r a b ik o l r a b i

aaaalllleeeeqqqqssssaaaannnnddddrrrreeee kkkkuuuurrrrttttaaaannnniiiiZZZZeeee

biomrCeveli

2323


zafxulSi mosayvani kolrabis CiTilebi SesaZlebelia

gamoyvanili iyos saTburis gareSe. zamTarSi Sesanaxad

gamoiyeneba kolrabis mxolod sagviano jiSi (`blauer

Speki", `goliafi"), magram sagviano jiSebis vegetaciis

periodi gacilebiT xangrZlivia, vidre saadreo da

saSualo jiSebisa. amitom daTesva unda moxdes maisSi,

winaswar gamzadebul kvlebSi (daTesvis norma igivea, rac

saTburSi), raTa CiTilebi gadargvisaTvis mzad iyos

ivnisis bolos an ivlisis dasawyisSi.

sagviano kolrabi zamTarSi gamosayeneblad unda

gadairgas ivlisis dasawyisamde.

pomidoris an kombostos sxva saxeobebisagan gansxvavebiT,

kolrabis CiTili ise unda gadairgos, rom miwa mxolod fesvis yels

unda faravdes. niadagis datkepniT amcireben mcenareTa Cawolas.

CiTilis Rrmad Cargvam SeiZleba ara mxolod nayofis warmoqmna

Seaferxos, aramed SesaZloa gamoiwvios misi aRerebac.

kolrabis nayofi uxeSi gamodis im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac igi

Seusabamo niadagzea, an dagvianebiT aris gadarguli, an ara aqvs

sakmarisi sakvebi nivTierebebi, an SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos

gvalviTac. mZime, civ niadagebze kolrabi nela izrdeba, ris Sede-

gadac misi nayofi uxeSdeba. imave Sedegs iZleva, rodesac kolra-

bis CiTils mogvianebiT gadavrgavT, rodesac misi Rero ukve

Semagrebulia.

kolrabis nayofis sidide da xarisxi damokidebulia misi sakve-

bi nivTierebebiT sakmarisad uzrunvelyofaze. kolrabi Zalian

momTxovni aris azotovani da kaliumiani sasuqebisadmi. kolrabi

Senaxvisadmi ufro mdgradia Tuki mas mosavlis aRebis wina

periodSi ar gamovkvebavT azotovani sasuqebiT.

kolrabis nayofis daskdomas iwvevs, rodesac gvalvas xangrZlivi

wvimebi mohyveba. nayofis garsi gvalvis dros uxeSdeba da igi

aucileblad skdeba, rodesac wvimisas kvlav iwyebs aqtiur zrdas.

amis Tavidan asacileblad ar unda davuSvaT misi daknineba gvalvis

dros (anu unda moirwyas zomierad).

CiTilebis movla gadargvis Semdeg

brZola mavneblebTan da daavadebebTan

msxvili nayofebi miiReba CiTilebis sak-

maod didi daSorebebiT dargvisas. CiTilebis

Zalian axlos dargva amuxruWebs nayofis

ganviTarebas. nazi nayofis miReba mxolod

im SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli, rodesac kolra-

bis foTlebi minimalurad aris uzrunvely-

ofili haeriTa da sinaTliT. aqedan gamomd-

inare, saadreo kolrabis minimaluri sakvebi

are unda iyos 25X25 sm. sagviano jiSebi

moiTxoven met sakveb ares. ivnisSi CiTilebi

irgveba 40X40 sm.

kolrabis CiTilebi ar unda Cairgos Rrmad,

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gaxangrZlivdeba nay-

ofis warmoqmnis periodi da mcenare aranor-

malurad ganviTardeba.

kolrabs igive mavneblebi uCndeba, rac kombostos, esenia: kombostos buzi, rwyili da kombostos TeTrula, rom-

lebsac SeiZleba vebrZoloT bioprepart "fitovermiT".

daavadebebidan aRsaniSnavia Wraqi da Savi sidample, romlis mizezia xSiri naTesi da araswori morwyva (iSviaTad

gvxvdeba Ria gruntSi). am daavadebis winaaRmdeg SeiZleba gamoviyenoT "fitolavini", "kuproqsati".

mosavlis aReba

saadreo kolrabiT SesaZlebelia ori mosavlis miReba. Cveulebriv kolrabis

aReba xdeba mTliani mcenaris amoTxriT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki kolrabis mxolod

nayofs movWriT (misi Ziri isedac ar gamoiyeneba sakvebad), maSin igi

Cveulebriv amoiyris or, xolo iSviaT SemTxvevaSi sam nayofs. marTalia, isini

zomiT patarebi arian, magram maTi orjer meti raodenobis wyalobiT mosavali

raodenobrivad TiTqmis igivea.

kolrabis mosavlianoba bevr, zemoT ukve aRniSnul faqtorebzea damokidebuli

da amitom igi meryeobs 40-70 tonamde heqtarze.

kolrabi inaxeba 0-5oC temperaturaze maRali tenianobis pirobebSi (95-98%)

6 Tvemde.



bbbbeeeessssiiiikkkk kkkkaaaallllaaaannnnddddaaaaZZZZeeee

samrCevlo samsaxurisxelmZRvaneli

aromatuli mcenareebi, romelTa

foTlebi didi raodenobiT aq-

rolad nivTierebebs gamoyofen,

`keTili~ mezoblebi arian

bostanSi. am mcenareebis sasar-

geblo Tvisebebi jer kidev an-

tikur literaturaSia aRwerili.

Zveli botanikosebi aromatul

mcenareebs ubralod balaxebs

eZaxdnen. es saxelwodeba - bal-

axovani mcenareebi - dResac

SemorCenilia.

aromatuli mcenareebi Cveni

bostnebis aucilebel kompo-

nents warmoadgenen. isini sam-

kurnalo da aromatuli Tvise-

bebiT xasiaTdebian da, rac

Zalze mniSvnelovania, sasike-

To gavlenas axdenen bostneu-

lis zrda-ganviTarebasa da maT

xarixze. zogjer aromatuli mce-

nareebi bostneulis gemos da

damwifebis vadebsac aumjobe-

seben. mag., rehani mniSvnelov-

nad aumjobesebs pomidvris

gemos, xolo babuawvera, romel-

ic didi raodenobiT eTilens

gamoyofs, aCqarebs nayofebis

damwifebas.

mezobeli mcenareebis urTgav-

lena imdenad ucnauri da mraval-

mxrivia, rom am gavlenis yvela

detalis Sesaxeb xSirad mecnie-

rebi mxolod varaudis gamoT-

qmiT kmayofildebian. Tumca

mravalwliani dakvirvebis Sede-

gebi arsebobs da maTi Cvens

sasargeblod gamoyeneba SegviZ-

lia. mag., Tu baRis pitnis gver

diT WinWari izrdeba, baRis

pitnaSi aromatuli zeTis ode-

rehani wiwaka, pomidori

jijlaya kartofili, pomidori

mdogvi parkosnebi, vazi, xexili

SavTava parkosnebi

usupi kombosto, vazi

ofofa boloki

WinWari pomidori

lavanda parkosnebi

xaxvi Warxali, kombosto, salaTi, marwyvi

babuawvera xexili

oxraxuSi barda, pomidori, marwyvi

pitna kombosto, pomidori

rozmarini parkosnebi

gvirila kitri, xaxvi

kama kartofili

pirSuSxa kartofili

qondari badrijani, kartofili, pomidori, lobio

niori pomidori, kitri, stsfilo, Warxali, marwyvi

tarxuna TiTqmis yvela bostneuli

salbi kombosto, stafilo

RiWa pomidori, xaxvi, simindi

prasi stafilo

noba orjer matulobs; katabalaxas mezobloba bostneulis gamZleobasa da

sikjansaRes uwyobs xels. sworad SerCeuli mezobeli SeiZleba kulturuli mce-

naris mavnebel-daavadebebTan brZolaSic dagexmaroT. mag., baRis pitna

afrTxobs kombostos TeTrulas, aumjobesebs kombostos gemosa da zrdis

process, pirSuSxa warmatebiT umklavdeba kartofilis tkipas, salbi - kom-

bostos xvatarsa da stafilos buzs, niori - iaponur RraWas, qondari -

parkosnebis nayofWamias da sxv.

SSSSeeeeaaaarrrrCCCCiiiieeeeTTTT ssssaaaassssuuuurrrrvvvveeeelllliiii mmmmeeeezzzzoooobbbbeeeelllliiii!!!!

keTili mezoblebi

2525


Znelia, roca kacs kaci, Tu kacs

sofeli marto dReisaTvis

unda da saxvaliod aRar

ufrTxildeba

vvvvaaaaJJJJaaaa----ffffSSSSaaaavvvveeeellllaaaa

sairigacio sistema

sofel javaxSi

sofeli javaxi dmanisis raionSi mdebareobs. lamazi buneba, mSromeli

xalxi, nayofieri niadagi - javaxis simdidres warmoadgens, magram sar-

wyavi sistemis ararsebobis gamo, soflis mosaxleoba srulfasovnad ver

iyenebda am simdidres - ver axerxebda saxnav-saTesi miwebis morwyvas

da Sesabamisad mosavlianoba dabali iyo.

javaxis mosaxleobasTan muSaoba saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis

ganviTarebis ganyofilebam 2003 wlis zafxulSi daiwyo. mosaxleobis

gamokiTxvisas da soflis saerTo krebazec gamoCnda, rom xalxs kargad

esmis sarwyavi sistemis mniSvnelobac da am proeqtis ganxorcielebasTan

dakavSirebuli siZneleebic...

soflis saerTo krebam airCia sainiciativo jgufi - komiteti, romel-

mac muSaoba daiwyo sarwyavi sistemis proeqtze. Tanxis nawils,

SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, `elkana~ gaiRebda, nawils mosaxleoba Seagrovebda,

Tavidanve Canda, rom proeqti Zvirad Rirebuli iqneboda, magram 42 000

laris Segroveba mainc seriozuli problema gaxda... am etapze sofels adg-

ilobrivma mmarTvelobam gaumarTa xeli - raionis gamgeobam sofels

sargeblobaSi (uzurfruqtis wesiT) gadasca 4 km sigrZis milebi. soflis

mosaxleobam gaiRo sakuTari wvlili - fizikuri Sroma da 2000 lari...

aSenda saTave nageboba da gayvanil iqna 3,5 km-iani sarwyavi sistema.

2004 wlis dekemberSi proeqti damTavrda...

2005 wlis 13 aprils `elkanas~ ofisSi Catarda saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis

ganviTarebis ganyofilebis muSaobis prezentacia, sadac ganyofilebis TanamSromlebma

konkretul soflebSi Catarebuli samuSaoebis magaliTze damswreebs gaacnes saTemo mobi-

lizebis meTodebi, midgomebi da miRweuli warmatebebi.

ddddaaaaTTTToooo ddddoooolllliiiiZZZZeeee

saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis

ganviTarebis ganyofilebis

xelmZRvaneli



dRes sofel javaxs aqvs sarwyavi sistema, romlis meSveobiT moir-

wyveba 250 ha saxnav-saTesi da sargebels miiRebs 150 mosaxle.

amasTan javaxis mosaxleobis gadawyvetilebiT, sarwyaviT sargeblo-

ba (gakeTda 2 damatebiTi ventili) SeuZlia amave raionis mezobel

sofels dalars (sadac azerbaijanelebi cxovroben)..

soflis ZalebiT proeqtis ganxorcielebam erTgvari stimuli misca

mosaxleobas: sainiciativo jgufma Camoayaliba wyalmomaragebis asocia-

cia, romelic uzrunvelyofs sarwyavis Seuferxebel muSaobas da 5-6 kac-

sac daasaqmebs.

proeqtis saerTo Rirebuleba - 42 000 lari

`elkana~ - 9000 lari

soflis mosaxleoba - 2000 lari;

raionis gamgeoba - 31 000 lari (4km. sigrZis mili)

kulturafarTobebi

ha-Si

mosavlianoba

proeqtamde

t-Si

mosavlianoba proe-

qtis Semdeg

t-Si sufTa mogeba l-Si

e f e q t u r o b a

proeqtis

RirebulebaSeniSvna

1. kartofili 40 ha 40haX10t=400t 40haX30t=1200t 1200t X 400l -120000l

= 360000l

2. kombosto 25 ha 25haX20t=500t 25haX70t=1750t 1750t X 150l -30000l

= 232500l

3. simindi 80 ha 80haX2t=160t 80haX8t=640t 640t X 400l -130000l

= 126000l

4. xorbali 80 ha 80haX3t=240t 80haX5t=400t 400t X 400l -45600l

= 114400l

5. lobio 20 ha 20haX2t=40t 20haX5t=100t 100t X 1000l -24000l= 76000l

jami 245 ha 1340 t 4090 t 908900 l 42 000 l

42 000,aqedan

`elkanam~gasca

9000 lari

soflis

komitetis

iniciativiT

sofelSi

Seiqmna wyal-

momaragebis

asociacia

sasmeli wylis sistema sofel

axalubanSi

sofeli axalubani mdebareobs goris raionSi da uSualod

esazRvreba osur soflebs... am mezoblobam, qarTul-osuri kon-

fliqtis dros, mravali problema, maT Soris sasmeli wylis

problemac gauCina sofels.

axalubani sasmelad iyenebda wyals, romelic osuri soflis

gavliT Sedioda sofelSi. cxadia, konfliqtis fonze wylis

mowodeba Sewyda.

dReisaTvis sofeli sasmelad iyenebs WaburRilis wyals,

romelic eleqtrotumboTi iqaCeba da miewodeba mosaxleobas.

miuxedavad imisa, rom TviTon wyali kargi xarisxisaa, droTa

ganmavlobaSi misi gamoyeneba soflisTvis problemad iqca -

usaxsrobis gamo gayvaniloba didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ar

SekeTebula, dazianebul milebSi wyali dabinZurda da, rogorc

sofelSi amboben, sasmelad gamouyenebeli da janmrTelobi-

saTvis saSiSi gaxda. amasTan sasmeli wylis didi nawili so-

felSi mosvlamde dazianebuli milebidan ikargeboda da mosax-

leoba isev uwylod rCeboda.

((

2727


proeqti daiwyo 2004 wlis zafxulSi;

damTavrda - 2004 wlis Semodgomaze

proeqtis mTliani Rirebuleba - 12 370 lari

soflis wili - 3370 lari

èlkanas~ daxmareba - 9000 lari

xidi da damcavi jebiri sofel qveda

baxvSi

sofeli qveda baxvi mdebareobs guriaSi (ozurgeTis raionSi).

miwis ganawilebisas am soflis mosaxleobis 70-75%-s saxnav-

saTesi mdinare baxviswylis piras Sexvda; baxviswyali mTis

mdinarea, uecari adideba da kalapotis xSiri cvla axasiaTebs, rac

seriozul safrTxes uqmnis mosavals. ori wlis win adidebulma

mdinarem, saxnav-saTesis garda, xidic waiRo... amasTan

mdinaremde misasvleli gzac ise dazianda, rom praqtikulad manqa-

nis misvla SeuZlebeli gaxda...

qveda baxvis mosaxleoba gamouval mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda:

dakarges mosavlis didi nawili da rac gadarCa, imis gamotanasac

veRar axerxebdnen xidisa da gzis ararsebobis gamo.

mosaxleobas kargad esmoda, rom aucilebeli iyo gzisa da

xidis SekeTeba, damcavi jebirebiT mdinaris SeboWva, magram

usaxsrobis gamo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ver moxerxda am

samuSaoebis Catareba da sofeli mudmivad walekvis saSiSroebis

winaSe idga...

èlkanas~ saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis ganviTarebis jgu-

fis sofelSi SesvlisTanave gamoCnda, rom sasmeli wylis aRd-

genas mosaxleobisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvneloba hqonda. Tav-

dapirvelad soflis krebaze da Semdeg komitetTan muSaobisas

gamoikveTa konkretuli proeqti, romelic iTvaliswinebda 1 km-

ian trasaze amortizebuli wyalsadeni milebis Secvlas.

soflis mosaxleobam Zalze moindoma - gaiRo garkveuli

Tanxa, fizikuradac imuSava da proeqtiT dagegmili samuSao sam

TveSi daamTavra - dRes sofels sufTa wyali aqvs, romliTac

sargeblobs 220 ojaxi.

((

komlis rao-

denoba

sofelSi

sasmeli wyliT

mosargebleSeniSvna

e f e q t u r o b a

proeqtis

Rirebuleba

l-Si

220 komli 604 adamiani

604 adamiani moixmars sufTa sasmel wyals da

Semcirdeba wylis dabinZurebisgan gamowveul

daavadebaTa gaCenis riski

12 370aqedan èlkanadan~gavida 9000 lari



saTemo mobilizebisa da soflis ganviTarebis jgufis qveda baxvSi SesvlisTanave aSkara gaxda, rom Tu

aRniSnuli problemebi ar mogvarda, soflis mosaxleobis didi nawili SesaZloa saxnav-saTesis gareSe darCes.

soflis saerTo krebaze gamoCnda, rom mosaxleoba mzad iyo, aqtiuri monawileoba mieRo proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi.

dReisaTvis, èlkanas~ xelSewyobiTa da soflis mosaxleobis mondomebiT, sofel qveda baxvSi SekeTda gza,

aRdga xidi, aago damcavi jebiri da mosaxleobas naklebad aSinebs baxviswylis adideba...

(

komlis

raodenoba

sofelSi

jebirebis gakeTebiT

saxnav-saTesis

walekvis riski

Seumcirda

xidis momxmarebeli

e f e q t u r o b a

proeqtis Rirebuleba

l-Si

400 komli 70 komls

300 komli xidis meSveobiT droulad

daamuSavebs nakveTebs da daabinavebs

mosavals

6 000, aqedan

èlkanam~gasca 3000 lari

proeqti daiwyo 2003 wlis gazafxulze;

damTavrda - 2004 wlis Semodgomaze

proeqtis saerTo Rirebuleba - 6 000 lari;

èlkana~ - 3000 lari;

soflis mosaxleoba - 3000 lari;

kursi SemuSavebulia èlkanas~ saTemo mobilizebisa

da soflis ganviTarebis samsaxuris mier da efuZneba

Teoriul codnasa da am jgufis mravalwlian praqtikul

gamocdilebas.

midgoma da konkretuli meTodologia, romelsac kursi

efuZneba, warmatebiT gamoiyeneba msoflios mraval

qveyanaSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis realuri saWirobebis

gamovlenisa da agreTve adgilobrivi iniciativebis

ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaTvis.

kursis gavlis Sedegad monawileebi:

- SeiZenen Sesabamis Teoriul da praqtikul codnas;

- gamoimuSaveben Sesabamis midgomebsa da unar-

Cvevebs;

- SeZleben damoukideblad muSaobas miznobriv

jgufebTan.

kursze damswreTa raodenoba: minimum - 8,maqsimum - 12

- kursis xangrZlivobaa 5 dRe (aqedan 4 dRe -

Teoriuli mecadineoba, 1 dRe - gasvliTi).

- kursis Catarebis dro: 10.00 - 18.00.

- saswavlo saaTebis raodenoba - 28 sT.

- kursis Rirebulebaa 1pirix5dRe - 200 lari.

SeRavaTebi:- adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis

warmomadgenlebisaTvis - 50 %-iani fasdakleba (100

lari),

- studentebisaTvis da fermerebisaTvis - 75 %-iani

fasdakleba (50 lari).

- testirebis safuZvelze gaicema 3 xarisxis serti-

fikati;

- kursi ikiTxeba qarTul enaze;

s i a x l e

s i a x l e kursi - saTemo mobilizeba

Tu dainteresebuli xarT saTemo mobilizebis sakiT-

xebiT, apirebT TemTan muSaobas da gsurT konkretuli

meTodebisa da midgomebis gacnoba, mogvmarTeT èlka-

nas~ ofisSi.

PLA

2005 wlis 4-8 ivliss, èlkanas~ ofisSi, pirvelad Catardeba kursi - saTemo mobilizeba

2929


am mizniT samcxe-javaxeTSi daiwyo 5-

wliani proeqtis - "saqarTvelos agrobiom-

ravalferovnebis aRdgena, konservacia da

mdgradi gamoyenebis" ganxorcieleba, romel-

ic dafinansebulia globaluri garemosdac-

viTi fondis (GEF) mier, gaeros ganvi-

Tarebis programis (UNDP) saqarTvelos

ofisis xlSewyobiT.

mimdinare wels ganxorcielda proeqtis

mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi. kerZod, axalcix-

is raionis sofel wnisSi organizebulia sa-

koleqcio nakveTi (4,3 ha), SeZenilia ofisi

q. axalcixeSi. sakoleqcio nakveTi SeiRoba

da amJamad mimdinareobs sameurneo nagebo-

bis mSenebloba. amave wels daiwyo sami-

waTmoqmedo saqmianoba, gazafxulze Teslis

gasamravleblad daiTesa marcvlovnebis -

xorblis, qeris, Wvavis, fetvis, parkosnebis

- muxudos, cercvis, ospis, culispiras, ZaZas

adgilobrivi formebi, uZvelesi adgilobrivi

kultura seli. SemodgomiT sakoleqcio

nakveTze daiTesa xorbali - axalcixis wi-

Teli doli or heqtarze, xorblis, qeris da

Wvavis ramdenime forma. paralelurad aR-

niSnuli kulturebis Tesli daurigda adgilo-

briv fermerTa saTemo organizaciis

`,farezis~, 40 damoukidebel fermers, rom-

lebmac es formebi TavianT meurneobebSi

daTeses. vegetaciis manZilze sistematurad

tardeba naTesebis monitoringi, romlis

drosac xdeba naTesis mdgomareobis Sefa-

seba. fermerebs utardeboda konsultaciebi

maTTvis saintereso sakiTxebze. daTesili

kulturebi sakmaod kargaT Seewyo adgilo-

briv niadagur da klimatur pirobebs.

programis farglebSi adgilobrivi jiSebi

samcxe-javaxeTi saqarTvelos erT-erTi ZirZveli mxaris

mesxeTis nawilia. igi amJamad moicavs xuT adminis-

traciul erTeuls (raions), romelTa saerTo farTobia

5288 kvadratuli kilometri. es mxare, Tavis droze

ekonomikurad saqarTvelos erT-erTi uZlieresi regioni

iyo - XVI saukuneSi aq erTi komli saSualod awarmoebda:

xorbals - 3000 kg, qers - 2700 kg, Wvavs - 600 kg, fetvs

- 300 kg. iyo ojaxebi, romlebic am kulturebis 8-10-ton-

ian mosavals iwevda. dRes arcTu saxarbielo suraTi

gvaqvs - mravalsaukunovanma avbedobam, romlis dam-

agvirgvinebeli akordi iyo XX saukuneSi danarCeni

saqarTvelodan 70-wliani xelovnuri izolacia (sasazRvro

reJimis SemoReba), gamoiwvia am kuTxis ekonomikuri

daqveiTeba da adgilobrivi agrobiomravalferovnebis

dakargva. rogorc winaswari gamokvlevis Sedegad gairkva,

TiTqmis gamqralia adgilobrivi marcvlovani da parkosani

kulturebis jiSebi da populaciebi. SedarebiT metad

SemorCenilia xexilisa da vazis adgilobrivi jiSebi.

Cveni amocanaa, SevinarCunoT is, rac SemogvrCa da

SevecadoT, aRvadginoT is kulturebi, romlebic am mxa-

reSi tradiciulad mohyavdaT. esenia - xorblis jiSebi dika

da wiTeli doli, qerSveli (SiSvelmarcvliani qeri), fetvi,

muxudo ospi, cercvi, seli.

samcxe-javaxeTis agrobiomravalfer-

ovnebis aRdgena da SenarCuneba

bbbbiiiiZZZZiiiinnnnaaaa ffffeeeerrrraaaaZZZZeeee


dacvis ganyofilebis

xelmZRvaneli



daiTesa 6-6,4 heqtarze. ukve arsebobs Teslis gansazRvruli maragi,

romelic momaval wels daurigdebaT fermerebs. gamovlinda 4 fermeri,

romlebic awarmoeben Tesls gavrcelebisaTvis. Seqmnilia sakoleqcio-

sacdeli baza, romelic Camoyalibdeba, rogorc meTesleobis sagaran-

tio meurneoba, da moamaragebs fermerebs aRniSnuli kulturebis

TesliT.

CamoTvlili saqmianobebis garda, proeqtis gegmis farglebSi adg-

ilobrivi mravalwlovani kulturebis koleqciebi Segrovda. Seiqmna san-

erge, sadac saZireebze damynobilia adgilobrivi xexilis (vaSlis 24

jiSis) kvirti. Segrovebulia vazis 22 adgilobrivi jiSis nimuSi da

gadargulia sakoleqcio nakveTze. masalaze mimdinareobs dakvirveba.

1,2 ha farTobze daTesilia

parkosnebi: muxudo, ospi, ZaZa,

culispira

0,5 ha farTobze daTesilia: xor-

bali - dika da Savfxa, qeri, Wvavi

- kaklis Tesli - 500 cali

- WanWuris Tesli - 3 kg

- msxlis Tesli - 0,5 kg

ssssaaaannnneeeerrrrggggeeeeSSSSiiii ddddaaaaTTTTeeeessssiiiilllliiiiaaaa::::

dReisaTvis proeqtis - "saqarTvelos agrobio-

mravalferovnebis aRdgena, konservacia da mdgradi gamoyenebis"

farglebSi

- vaSlis saZire - 2000 cali

- vazis nergi - 2200 cali

- wiTeli mocxari - 24 Ziri

- Savi mocxari - 12 Ziri

- wiTeli Txili - 15 Ziri

- yviTeli WanWuri - 8 Ziri

- wiTeli WanWuri - 8 Ziri

- tyupqliava - 5 Ziri

- xurtkmeli - 12 Ziri

- Jolo - 15 Ziri

- msxvilnayofa Jolo - 6 Ziri

ssssaaaannnneeeerrrrggggeeeeSSSSiiii ddddaaaarrrrgggguuuulllliiiiaaaa::::

3131


mcenareuli genetikuri resursebis Sesaxeb literaturaSi arsebobs

cneba - daumsaxureblad miviwyebuli kulturebi: es is kulturebia,

romlebic ganidevna warmoebidan sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo. faq-

tia, rom isini daumsaxureblad arian miviwyebulni da dgeba sakiTxi

maTi aRdgenis Sesaxeb, zogierTi maTganis mainc. CvenSi aseTi

kulturaa seli. ganvixiloT selis sxva cnobili Tvisebebi da

gamoyenebis saxeebi. rogorc zemoT iTqva, saboWkoe selis nawar-

mi qsovili mravali kargi TvisebiT xasiaTdeba. selis Zafi 2-jer

ufro mtkicea, vidre matylis, xolo 3-jer, vidre abreSumis Zafi.

dabalxarisxovani boWkosagan qsoven brezents, satare qsovils,

amzadeben bawars, Spagats, saCurT masalas. merqnisagan mzaddba,

agreTve, kartoni, eTilis spirti, ZmarmJava da sxv. amrigad,

saboWkoe selis yvela nawilidan vRebulobT raRac produqts.

miuxedavad yvela am sikeTisa, romelic axasiaTebs saboWkoe

sels, misi aRdgena Tanamedrove kolxeTSi mravali siZnelis gamo

albaT Zalze Zneli iqneba. sels kolxeTSi SemodgomiT Tesavdnen,

amitom zogierTi mkvlevari mas saSemodgomo sels - Linum biene-

s uwodebs. selis qsovilebis warmoeba

sakmaod intensiuri iyo dasavleT

saqarTveloSi, magram XIX saukuneSi,

manufaqturuli warmoebis qsovilebis

Semosvlam, selis qsovilebis warmoeba

Seamcira, XX saukuneSi ki igi sruliad

Sewyda, rasac, cxadia, selis mcenaris

Tesva-moyvanis Sewyvetac mohyva.

miuxedavad kolxuri selis univesaluri

Tvisebisa (misi Tesli sakmao odeno-

bis cxims Seicavda), kolxeTis mo-

saxleoba zeTis warmoebisTvis sels

ar iyenebda. samagierod, aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos mTianeTis mcxovreblebi

selis zeTs iRebdnen selis meore sax-

eobidan - Linum humile Mill.-dan (mTis

seli). aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTia-

neTSi sazeTe selis moyvana grZel-

deboda XX saukunis Sua wlebamde.

Semdeg isic ganidevna zeTis momcemi

mcenaris - mzesumziras mier. marTalia,

mzesumziras ar daukavebia sazeTe

selis Tesva-moyvanis areali (maRal-

mTa), magram mTianeTSi TviT zeTis

Semotana xdeboda mzesumziris warmoe-

bis regionebidan. amdenad, mosax-

leobam Tavi mianeba selis Tesvas,

radgan amasTan igi sakmaod Sromate-

vadi saqme iyo. aman gamoiwvia sazeTe

selis gadaSeneba.

es monacemebi moxseniebul iqna

konferenciaze - `seli da monaTesave

boWkovani mcenareebi adamianis

keTildReobisaTvis~, romelic moawyo

FAO-s (sursaTisa da soflis meurneo-

bis organizacia) 2003 wlis dekem-

berSi, egvipteSi, kairoSi. konferen-

s e l i

daumsaxureblad miviwyebuli kultura

ttttaaaaiiiiuuuullll bbbbeeeerrrriiiiSSSSvvvviiiilllliiii


dacvis ganyofilebis

TanamSromeli



ciaSi monawileobda 20 qveynis 88 warmomadgeneli evropidan, azi-

idan, afrikidan, CrdiloeT da samxreT amerikidan. FAO did

yuradRebas aqcevs selisa da sxva boWkovani mcenareebis koleq-

ciebis mdgomareobas, romelTa raodenobam evropis genbankebSi

2500 nimuSamde miaRwia. amJamad mimdinareobs nimuSebis pasporti-

zacia da monacemTa bazebis Seqmna, rac safuZvelia selis kulturis

uSualo warmoebisTvis. amrigad, sazeTe selis aRdgena ufro advi-

lad gvesaxeba, vidre saboWkoesi, radgan misi Tesva-moyvana da

zeTis warmoeba SesaZlebelia naklebi teqnikuri problemis

gadawyvetiT. meqanikuri saTesiT Tesva, Teslis aReba kombainiT,

zeTsaxdeli. ai, is minimaluri teqnikuri saSualebebi, romlebic

saWiroa sazeTe selis mosayvanad da zeTis misaRebad.

amJamad, selis Tesli gadacemuli aqvs samcxe-javaxeTis 30-mde

fermers, seli agreTve daiTesa wnoris sacdel-saCvenebeli bazis

nakveTze.

samcxe-javaxeTSi sazeTe selis aRdgenis warmatebas

ganapirobebs ramdenime faqtori: 1. tradiciuli codna, 2.

moTxovnileba selis zeTze, 3. selis kulturis universaloba.

rogori iyo adre samcxe-javaxeTSi selis moyvanis wes-

Cveulebebi? sazeTe sels april-maisSi Tesdnen, amisaTvis

SedarebiT noyier niadags arCevdnen. daTesvamde erTi TviT adre

miwas gaurevdnen da ise Tesavdnen. sazeTe sels celiT iRebdnen,

Rrublian amindSi, an nawvimarze marcvlis gafantvis Tavidan

asacileblad simwifis niSani misi saTesle kolofebis gayviTleba

iTvleboda. mocelil sels mindorSi zvinebad dgamdnen. gamoSrobis

Semdeg selze saqonels an urems moatarebdnen, mere kargad datkep-

nil an sipi qvebisagan gakeTebul kaloze galewavdnen. galewil mar-

cvals miwaSi amoWril qvitkiriT amoSenebul ormoebSi yridnen.

aseT ormoebSi 18-19 centneri selis Tesli Cadioda. zeTis

misaRebad samcxe-javaxeTSi specialuri sawarmoebi - saxdelebi

arsebobda. gamoxdil zeTs glexis ojaxSi mravalmxrivi gamoyene-

ba hqonda, maT Soris saritualo, dabadeba-gardacvalebis da micvale-

bulis kultTan dakavSirebuli ceremoniebis dros. namet zeTs glexi

bazarze hyidda an cvlida im produqtebze, romelic mis

meurneobaSi ar modioda. motanili masala me-19 saukunemde

SemorCenil mdidar tradiciebze metyvelebs. am tradiciebs dasaba-

mi saukuneTa siRrmeSi eZebneba (arqeologiuri gaTxrebi,

werilobiTi wyaroebi).

selis Tesva-moyvana, misgan produqtis miReba, sakmaod rTuli

da Sromatevadi saqme iyo, soflis meurneobis Tanamedrove

teqnologiebisaTvis aseTi sirTuleebi advili dasaZlevia, amitom,

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT am kulturis saukeTeso Tvisebebs, misi

aRdgena Tanamedrove pirobebSi sakmaod realurad gvesaxeba.

da

um

sa

xu

re

bl

ad

m

iv

iw

ye

bu

li

k

ul

tu

ra

s e l i

3333


zemoT CamoTvlil sakiTxebs mieZRvna

a.w. 19-21 maiss erevanSi gamarTuli

saerTaSoriso seminari Temaze: "somxe-

Tisa da kavkasiis regionis samkurnalo

mcenareebi", romelic organizebuli iyo

somxeTis soflis meuneobis saministros,

gaeros evropis ganyofilebis ekonomikuri

komisiis (UNECE), Sveicariis ganviTa-

rebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentosa

(SDC) da gaeros ganviTarebis programis

(UNDP) mier.

ucxoel eqspertebTan, adgilobriv mwar-

moeblebTan da arasamTavrobo organiza-

ciebTan erTad seminaris muSaobaSi monaw-

ileobda saqarTvelos delegaciac: biomeur-

neobaTa asociacia `elkanas~ direqtori -

mariam jorjaZe, amave asociaciis sazo-

gadoebasTan urTierTobis specialisti -

nana zibzibaZe da sasoflo TemTa ganvi-

Tarebis saagentos direqtori - rostom

gamisonia.

erToblivi diskusiebis Sedegad gamo-

ikveTa regionSi arsebuli problemebi

(Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo bazis, serti-

ficirebis samsaxuris uqonloba, asocia-

samkurnalo mcenareebis

ekonomikuri da ekologiuri

potenciali

s e m i n a r i

e r e v a n S i

dRes kavkasiis regionSi sakmao raodeno-

bis samkurnalo mcenareebis Segroveba

xdeba, magram es procesi yovelgvari wese-

bis da kanonebis dacvis gareSe mimdinare-

obs; jerovani yuradReba ar eTmoba maT

kultivacias; samkurnalo mcenareebis

umravlesi saxeobebi sazRvargareT gadis

ara rogorc produqcia, aramed - rogorc

nedleuli; kultivacia, mosavlis moyvana, war-

moeba da marketingi Zalian iSviaTia da ar

efuZneba saimedo, sando monacemebsa da

gaTvlebs; garda amisa, Znelad xelmisawvdo-

mia Sesaferisi teqnologiebi plantaciebis

gasaSeneblad. yovelive amis Sedegad, veluri

samkurnalo balaxebis mravalferovneba

mniSvnelovnad knindeba. mravali saxeoba

wiTel wignSia Setanili da TvalnaTeli

xdeba, rom seriozuli Carevis da

Zalisxmevis gareSe samkurnalo mcenareebis

umravles saxeobebs saqarTveloSi, somxeTsa

da azerbaijanSi degradacia emuqreba.

meore mxriv, veluri samkurnalo

mcenareuli resursebis gonivrul

ganviTarebasa da gamoyenebas regionisTvis

didi socialur-ekonomikuri da ekologiuri

mniSvneloba aqvs.. is SesamCnevad moawes-

rigebs maT Segrovebas bunebriv

populaciebSi. samkurnalo mcenareebis meur-

neobebsa da sakarmidamo nakveTebSi moy-

vana uzrunvelyofs damatebiT ekonomikur

Semosavals soflis mosaxleobisTvis,

Seamcirebs maT damokidebulebas

ZviradRirebul sazRvargareTul preparatebze,

gazrdis moTxovnas mcenareuli warmoSobis

produqciaze.

nnnnaaaannnnaaaa zzzziiiibbbbzzzziiiibbbbaaaaZZZZeeee

sazogadoebasTan

urTierTobis specialisti



ciebisa da organizaciebis simcire, fermerebis gamoucdelo-

ba, agreTve sxvadasxva teqnikuri problemebi), Sefasda

resursebi (nayofieri niadagebi, SedarebiT iafi muSaxeli, im

mcenareebis SerCeva da kultivacia, romlebic SesaZlebelia

komerciuli warmoebisaTvis, xeliT Sroma, know how-sa da

teqnologiebis aTvisebis siadvile da sxv.) da gamoiTqva

mosazrebebi samkurnalo mcenareebis eqsportis ganviTarebis

perspeqtivaze, ris winapirobasac warmoadgens fermeruli

kavSirebis/asociaciebis Seqmna, potenciuri bazris kvleva

dafuZnebuli mecnierul bazaze, konservaciisa da menejmentis

strategiebis gaTvaliswinebiT, produqciis fasebis, xarisxis,

moculobas swori gaTvla da uSualo momxmareblisaTvis

SeTavazeba sazRvargareT.

ucxoelma eqspertebma mimoixiles am dargSi Tanamedrove

msoflio bazris ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi da warmoadgines

TavianTi rekomendaciebi somxeTisa da kavkasiis regio-

nisaTvis. aRiniSna, rom arsebobs ori didi bazari - evropa

- aSS/kanadisa, romlebic arian yvelaze farTo momxmareblebi,

da indoeT-CineTisa, romlebic momxmareblebic arian da mwar-

moeblebic. iseTi qveynebi, rogorebicaa rumineTi, bulgareTi

da albaneTi- imsaxureben ganviTarebuli qveynebis interess,

rogorc nedleulis mimwodeblebi, swored maT rigSi moiazre-

ba dRes somxeTi da kavkasiis regionis sxva qveynebi,

romelTac swored maTTan mouwevT konkurenciis gaweva

uaxloes momavalSi.

3535


`mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad,

SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis (Sps)

dafuZnebis ufleba aqvs nebismer fizikur an iuridiul

pirs. Sps-is registraciisaTvis saWiro dokumentebis

nusxa:

1.gancxadeba registraciis Sesaxeb (sasamarTloSi

SeaqvT iuridiuli misamarTis mixedviT) unda Seicavdes:

Tu damfuZnebeli iuridiuli piria - mis safirmo sax-

elwodeba da registraciis monacemebi (iuridiuli

misamarTi, sasamarTlos dasaxeleba, romelmac regis-

traciaSi gaatara iuridiuli piri, registraciis TariRi

da nomeri, organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma, misi

warmomadgenlis monacemebi).

- Tu iuridiuli piri registrirebulia saqarTvelos

farglebs gareT, maSin zemoT aRniSnuli dokumentacia

notariulad dadasturebuli da legalizebuli unda iqnes

Sesabamisi qveynis sakonsuloSi. dokumentacia legal-

izebas ar saWiroebs, Tu iuridiuli piri registrirebu-

lia dsT-is teritoriaze.

z) warmomadgenlobaze uflebamosili piris (sazoga-

doebis xelmZRvanelis) xelmoweris nimuSi - dadasture-

buli notariulad.

T) sawesdebo kapitalis odenoba da sabuTi Sesru-

lebuli Sesatanis Sesaxeb (sawesdebo kapitali unda

Seadgendes sul cota ori aTas lars);

i) yoveli damfuZnebeli partnioris Sesatanis ode-

noba, Sesabamisad wili;

k) yoveli direqtoris, xolo sameTvalyureo sabWos

arsebobisas, agreTve, sameTvalyureo sabWos yoveli

wevris saxeli, gvari, dabadebis TariRi da adgili, pro-

fesia da sacovrebeli adgili;

l) dokumentebi yoveli direqtoris daniSvnisa da

sameTvalyureo sabWos (Tu aseTi arsebobs) wevrebis

arCevis Sesaxeb;

2. sazogadoebis wesdeba (xelmowerili yvela dam-

fuZneblis mier da damowmebuli notariulad);

3. damfuZnebelTa gadawyvetileba sazogadoebis

Seqmnisa da yoveli direqtoris daniSvnis Sesaxeb. Tu

sameTvalyureo sabWo arsebobs, gadawyvetilebaSi mi-

TiTebul unda iqnes maTi daniSvnis Sesaxeb (xelmower-

ili yvela damfuZneblis mier da damowmebuli notariu-

lad);

4. Tu sazogadoebis sawesdebo kapitali fuladi sa-

xiT aris Setanili, saWiroa sabanko amonaweri sazoga-

doebis saxelze Setanili Tanxis arsebobis Sesaxeb.

_ Tu sazogadoebis sawesdebo kapitalis Camo-

bondo alasania

iuristi

vis SeuZlia SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis Seqmna, ra saxis

dokumentaciis wardgenaa amisaTvis savaldebulo?

fermerTa uflebebis dacva - biologiur

meurneobaTa asociacia `elkanas~ erT-erTi mizania.

2004 wlis gazafxulze holandiuri organizaciis -

NOVIB-is xelSewyobiT organizaciam daiwyo am

mimarTulebiT realuri nabijebis gadadgma.

SegiZliaT mogvmarToT kiTxviT TqvenTvis saintereso

iuridiul sakiTxebze da Cveni Jurnalis saSualebiT

gagiwevT kvalificiur konsultaciebs

rrrruuuubbbbrrrriiiikkkkaaaassss uuuuZZZZRRRRvvvveeeebbbbaaaa

� a) safirmo saxelwodeba (forma);

� b) organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma;

� g) adgilsamyofeli (iuridiuli misamarTi);

� d) saqmianobis sagani;

� e) monacemebi sameurneo wlis dasawyisisa da

damTavrebis Sesaxeb;

� v) yoveli damfuZnebeli partnioris saxeli,

gvari, dabadebis adgili da TariRi, profesia da

sacxovrebeli adgili;

gvekiTxebian �� vupasuxebT

1



yalibeba xdeba qonebiT, maSin saWiroa auditoris

daskvna.

5. cnoba adgilsamyofelis _ iuridiuli misamarTis

Sesaxeb (mesakuTris Tanxmoba da sakuTrebis damadas-

turebeli dokumenti);

6. saregistracio mosakreblis gadaxdis damadasture-

beli qviTari (160 laris odenobiT).

sasamarTlo valdebulia, registracia ganaxorcielos

aucilebeli sabuTebis wardgenidan xuTi kalendaruli

dRis vadaSi. Tu am vadaSi registracia ar ganxorciel-

da an ganmcxadebels ar ecnoba motivirebuli uari,

sawarmo CaiTvleba registrirebulad da sasamarTlo

valdebulia, ganmcxadeblis moTxovnis safuZvelze

dauyovnebliv gasces saregistracio mowmoba.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, Sps warmoadgens

damoukidebel, kerZo samarTlis iuridiul pirs, romel-

ic kreditorebis winaSe pasuxismgebelia mxolod

Tavisi qonebiT. sazogadoebis partniori (dam-

fuZnebeli) ar aris pasuxismgebeli sazogadoebis val-

debulebebze. aqedan gamomdinare, partniors (dam-

fuZnebels) ar SeuZlia ganicados damatebiTi zarali

Sps-is warumatebeli saqmianobis Sedegad, garda sawes-

debo kapitalSi gadacemuli qonebis dakargvisa.

Sps aris iuridiuli piri da igi damoukideblad agebs

pasuxs mxolod Tavisi qonebiT kreditorebis winaSe;

SeiZleba sazogadoebis valebi aRematebodes mis

qonebas, magram pasuxismgebloba Semoifargleba

mxolod am qonebiT;

Sps-is partniorebi pasuxs ar ageben sazogadoebis

valdebulebebze, e.i. kreditorebTan urTierToba part-

niors ki ar aqvs, aramed sazogadoebas, oRond is

qoneba, rac partniorebma sazogadoebaSi Cades,

xmardeba sazogadoebis valebis dafarvas;

Sps-is arseboba ar aris damokidebuli masSi

wevrobaze. e.i. partniorebis gamosvla sazogadoe-

bidan avtomaturad ar iwvevs sazogadoebis daSlas.

es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom Sps aris kapitalis

gaerTianebis Sedegad Seqmnili sazogadoeba;

ra moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis

sazogadoebis wesdeba?

SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis wesdebaSi savaldebuloa, ganisazRvros Semdegi sakiTxebi:

wesdeba aseve SeiZleba Seicavdes sxva monacemebsac, romlebic ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos kanonmde-

blobas da aucilebelia Sps-is warmatebuli saqmianobisaTvis.

gvekiTxebian �� vupasuxebT

ra saxis pasuxismgebloba ekisreba SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazo-

gadoebas da mis damfuZneblebs?

� a) sazogadoebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi

forma da safirmo saxelwodeba;

� b) sazogadoebis adgilsamyofeli (iuridiuli

misamarTi);

� g) yoveli damfuZnebeli partnioris saxeli,

gvari, dabadebis adgili da TariRi, profesia da

sacxovrebeli adgili; Tu partniori iuridiuli

piria, maSin unda mieTiTos misi safirmo saxel-

wodeba da registraciis monacemebi (iuridiuli

piris misamarTi, im uwyebis dasaxeleba, romelmac

registraciaSi gaatara iuridiuli piri, registraci-

is TariRi da nomeri, organizaciul-samarTlebrivi

forma, misi warmomadgenlis monacebi);

� d) sazogadoebis saqmianobis sagani;

� e) monacemebi sameurneo wlis dasawyisisa da

damTavrebis Sesaxeb;

� v) sawesdebo kapitalis odenoba (sul cota ori

aTasi lari mainc), misi Sevsebis forma (fuladi

an arafuladi), sabuTi Sesrulebuli Senatanis

Sesaxeb (sabanko amonaweri an auditoris daskv-

na);

� z) yoveli damfuZnebeli partnioris Senatanis

odenoba, forma (fuladi an arafuladi), sabuTi

ganxorcielebuli Sesatanis Taobaze da TiToeuli

partnioris wili;

2

3

3737

Cveni biomeurneebi

SemogTavazebT mzis energiiT saSrobi, martivi, hermetuli

kameris aRweras. `mzis yuTi~ warmatebiT gamoiyeneba samkurna-

lo, aromatuli mcenareebis da sxvadasxva xilis Ciris mzis

sxivebiT, CrdilSi gaSrobis saqmeSi. misi damzadeba

SesaZlebelia Tqvensave meurneobaSi, Tuki SegiZliaT najaxis,

xerx-SalaSinis da lursman-CaquCis gamoyeneba.

1,5-2 sm sisqis ficrebisgan naxazis mixedviT SevWedoT sax-

uraviani yuTi.. is Sedgeba: a) moZravi saxuravisagan; b) TviTon

yuTisagan da g) yuTSi moTavsebuli CarCosagan, romelzec

lagdeba gasaSrobi masala.

a) saxuravi amavdroulad `gamTbobi elementia~, xis CarCos

erTi mxridan miWedili aqvs Savad SeRebili 1-1,5 mm Tunuqis

furclebi, xolo meore mxridan ki fanjris minaa Casmuli, romel-

ic sagozaviT aris gamagrebuli. b) yuTis zomebi naxazzea

miTiTebuli. simartivisaTvis yuTs fskeri SeiZleba miWedebuli

hqondes. waxnagebze Sesabamisi zomis naxvretebia datanebuli

sahaero milebisaTvis. milebi SeiZleba iyos rkinis (wyalgay-

vanilobis) 0,5-diumiani aluminis, kapron-plastmasis da a.S.

haeris Semwovi milebis sigrZe aris 25-30 sm, xolo gamwovisa

- 10-15 sm.

avTandil Sengelias 2004 wlis noemberSi SevxvdiT, roca

dasavleT saqarTvelos biomeurneTa gamokiTxvas vatarebdiT.

batoni avTo xalisiani mosaubre aRmoCnda, igi siamovnebiT

pasuxobda dasmul kiTxvebs da male gamokiTxvis Temas

sagrZnoblad gavcdiT...

batoni avTo `elkanaSi~ konkretulma problemam moiyvana: mis

sofelSi, Wagan-WyviSSi, qarsacavi zoli iCexeboda da batoni

avTo Tanamoazreebs eZebda, raTa Wra SeCerebuliyo... ase movi-

da batoni avTo `elkanas~ ofisSi, Sexvda imereTis regionis

mrCevels, gaecno organizaciis muSaobas, movewoneT da gaw-

evrianda kidec...

batoni avTo ganaTlebiT fizikosia, magram dRes ZiriTadad

sakuTar meurneobaSi saqmianobs - misdevs mefutkreobas,

mohyavs soia da bevri saintereso ideac aqvs.

batoni avTos meurneobis daTvalierebisas Cveni yuradReba

miiqcia patara zomis Ciris saSrobma, romelsac batoni avTo

`mzis yuTs~ uwodebda. misi azriT, aseT saSrobs sawarmoo

mniSvneloba ara aqvs, magram igi Zalze moxerxebulia mcire rao-

denobis kargi xarisxis xmeli Ciris dasamzadeblad.

Cveni TxovniT batonma avTom moamzada mcire statia

saSrobi yuTis damzadebisa da muSaobis principis Taobaze...

ekologiurad sufTa energiis

wyaro, romelic fermeris

meurneobaSi anaTebs da jer

kidev daubegravia, mzis ener-

giaa. naxSiri, navTi, gazi, ele-

qtroenergia aris saTbobi,

romelic sinTezirebulia mzis

energiiT. maTi gamoyeneba

iwvevs garkveulwilad garemoSi

Termodinamikuri wonasworobis

darRvevas. uZvelesi droidan

gonieri adamiani eZebda mzis

energiis uSualod gamoyenebis

xerxebs da arcTu ise

uSedegod. mas dRes iyeneben

mefutkreebi, mesaTbureebi,

radioteqnikosebi da a.S.

avTandil Sengelia

icnobdeT

mzis yuTi

Cveni biomeurneebi


Semwovi

milebiSemwovi

milebi

gamwovi

milebi

gamwovi

milebi

150

40

5020

120

a

b

g

mzidan gamosxivebuli energia dedamiwis ganaTebul

yovel kv. metrze 140 vt-is odenobiT modis. sxivebis

paralelurad daxvedril minis zedapirze gaaRwevs speqtris

mokletalRiani gamosxivebis 96% da STainTqmeba

ZiriTadad yuTis Signidan, Savad SeRebili Tunuqis

kedlebis mier da maTgan gamosxivdeba grZeltalRovani

gamosxiveba, romelsac mina ukve gareT aRar uSvebs.

rezultatSi Cveni yuTis saxuravSi temperatura 80-95oC-

mde iwevs. ra Tqma unda, gacxelebuli saxuravi yuTSic

gaacxelebs haers da gasaSrobi masalidan daiwyeba wylis

intensiuri aorTqleba. wylis teniT gajerebuli haeri

gaedineba atmosferoSi yuTis gamwovi milebidan.

nacvlad yuTSi Semwovi qveda milebiT haeris axali naka-

di Seedineba da a.S. e.i. Cveni yuTi mzian dRes daiwyebs

sunTqvas da sabolood ki Ciri gamoSreba.

saWiroebisamebr milebis garkveuli raodenoba SeiZleba

movketoT kidec.

`mzis yuTi~ warmatebiT gamoicada imereTSi, vanis r-

nis sofel Wagan-WyviSSi. yuTSi damuSavebuli Ciri

sufTaa, daculia mavneblebisagan da yovelgvari mtvris-

agan, Ciri mzadaa Sesanaxad 3-4 mzian dReSi. zamTris

TveebSi yuTi SeiZleba daiSalos da ise Seinaxos, did

adgils ar iWers. naklovaneba erTia - yuTi mcire mocu-

lobisaa.

mzis yuTi

biomeurne s i n a a r s i biofarmer - elkana

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