biomes (land)

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Land Biomes

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Page 1: Biomes (Land)

Land Biomes

Page 2: Biomes (Land)

Land Biomes

Biome- geographic areas that have similar climates and ecosystems

Page 3: Biomes (Land)

Land BiomesThe 6 most common biomes are:

• Tundra• Taiga• Temperate Deciduous Forest• Tropical Rain Forest• Grassland (Prairie, Tropical

Savanna, Chapparal)• Desert

Page 4: Biomes (Land)

Land Biomes

Page 5: Biomes (Land)

TundraFound in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Siberia

Page 6: Biomes (Land)

Tundra – “The Cold Desert”• Found at latitudes

around the North Pole• Less than 25 cm

precipitation yearly• Very cold year round

(-40ºC in winter)• Cold, dry, treeless

region

Page 7: Biomes (Land)

Tundra –“The Land of the

Midnight Sun”

• Winter lasts 6 to 9 months with no daylight

• Summer is short and cold with 24 hours of sunlight a day

Page 8: Biomes (Land)

Tundra-

• Soil is poor

• Permafrost–Layer of permanently frozen soil

Page 9: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the TundraTundra plants are resistant to

drought and coldExamples:• Reindeer moss (a lichen!)• Lichens• True mosses• Grasses• Small shrubs and flowers

Page 10: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tundra• Reindeer moss – It’s a lichen!

Page 11: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tundra• Lichens

Page 12: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tundra• Lichen

Page 13: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tundra• True Mosses

Page 14: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tundra• Small shrubs and flowers

Page 15: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tundra• Small shrubs and flowers

Page 16: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tundra• Small shrubs and flowers

Page 17: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tundra• Grasses

Page 18: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the TundraMany animals of the tundra migrate

there during the short summer

Examples:• Biting insects• Snowy owls• Arctic hares

•Caribou•Musk oxen•Lemmings

Page 19: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tundra• Biting insects

Mosquito Blackfly

Page 20: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tundra• Snowy owl

Page 21: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tundra• Arctic hare

Page 22: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tundra• Caribou – “Reindeer”

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Animals of the Tundra• Musk oxen

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Animals of the Tundra• Lemmings

Page 25: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tundra• Lemmings

Page 26: Biomes (Land)

Taiga or Coniferous ForestFound in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Russia

Page 27: Biomes (Land)

Taiga or Coniferous Forest

• World’s largest land biome

• Latitudes between 50ºN and 60ºN

Page 28: Biomes (Land)

Taiga-

• Warmer and wetter than the Tundra

• Winters are long and cold

• 35 to 40 cm of precipitation yearly (mostly snow)

Page 29: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the TaigaThere is no permafrost, so trees can

grow. Mosses and lichens grow on the forest floor.

Examples:• Cone-bearing Evergreen trees

– Firs– Spruces– Pines

–Hemlocks –Cedars

Page 30: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Taiga• Fir tree

Page 31: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Taiga• Spruce tree

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Plants of the Taiga• Hemlock tree

Page 33: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Taiga• Liverwort (a moss)

Page 34: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Taiga• Mosses

Page 35: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the TaigaMany animals live in the Taiga.

Examples:• Moose• Black Bear• Lynx• Wolves

•Badgers•Wolverines•Ermines •Deer

Page 36: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Taiga• Moose

Page 37: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Taiga• Black bear

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Animals of the Taiga• Lynx

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Animals of the Taiga• Wolf

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Animals of the Taiga• Badger

Page 41: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Taiga• Wolverine

Page 42: Biomes (Land)

Temperate Deciduous ForestFound in Europe, the eastern part of

the U.S.A., and China

Page 43: Biomes (Land)

Temperate Deciduous Forest

• Found below 50ºN latitude

• 75 to 150 cm precipitation yearly

Page 44: Biomes (Land)

Temperate Deciduous Forest

• Wide range of temperatures with 4 seasons

• Below freezing in winter to 30ºC in summer

Page 45: Biomes (Land)

Temperate Deciduous Forest

• Soil is rich in nutrients from layers of decomposing leaves

Page 46: Biomes (Land)

Temperate Deciduous Forest

• Layers of vegetation– Canopy– Understory– Forest floor

Page 47: Biomes (Land)

Layers of Vegetation

Canopy- tree tops that shade the ground below

Understory- shrub layer

Forest floor- dark and moist layer of dead leaves, twigs, and seeds

Page 48: Biomes (Land)

Layers of Vegetation

Canopy

Page 49: Biomes (Land)

Layers of Vegetation

Understory

Page 50: Biomes (Land)

Layers of Vegetation

Forest floor

Page 51: Biomes (Land)

Life in the Temperate Deciduous Forest

The mild climate and rich soil of the temperate deciduous forest supports a wide variety of plant and animal life.

Page 52: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

Plant life is abundant.Examples:•Oak trees•Hickory trees•Maple trees

•Shrubs •Wildflowers•Ferns

Page 53: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Oak tree

Page 54: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Hickory tree

Page 55: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Maple tree

Page 56: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Shrubs (Azalea)

Page 57: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Shrubs (Holly)

Page 58: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Wildflowers

Page 59: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Wildflowers

Page 60: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Ferns

Page 61: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

Animal life is diverse.Examples:•Deer•Foxes•Snakes •Bears

•Birds•Raccoons•Amphibians•Small mammals

Page 62: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Deer

Page 63: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Fox

Page 64: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Snakes (Eastern Garter Snake)

Page 65: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Snakes (Copperhead)

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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Black bear

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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Birds (Bald Eagle)

Page 68: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Birds (Barn Owl)

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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•BirdsWoodpeckerCardinal

Page 70: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Raccoon

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Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Amphibians Wood frog Leopard Frog

Page 72: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Amphibians Spotted Salamander Jefferson Salamander

Page 73: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Temperate Deciduous Forest

•Small MammalsField Mouse Squirrel

Page 74: Biomes (Land)

Tropical Rain ForestFound near the equator in Africa, South America, Australia, and the Pacific Islands

Page 75: Biomes (Land)

Tropical Rain Forest

• Found near the equator

• 200 to 225 cm precipitation yearly

Page 76: Biomes (Land)

Tropical Rain Forest

• Hot and humid all year

• Temperatures are fairly constant around 25ºC

Page 77: Biomes (Land)

Tropical Rain Forest

• Soil is nutrient poor and acidic

• Most plants have shallow roots

Page 78: Biomes (Land)

Tropical Rain Forest Layers of Vegetation

Page 79: Biomes (Land)

Life in the Tropical Rain Forest

The tropical rain forest is a lush, productive ecosystem containing more than half of all the species that live on Earth.

Page 80: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest

A rain forest may contain more than 700 species of trees and over 1000 species of flowering plants.Examples:•Mahogany trees•Bromeliads and orchids•Giant ferns•Many flowering plants

Page 81: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Mahogany tree

Notice how the roots rise above the ground to help support this giant tree!

Page 82: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Bromeliads

Page 83: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Orchids

Page 84: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Giant ferns

Page 85: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Flowering plants

Page 86: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

The rain forest is home to a huge number of animals.Examples:•Monkeys•Exotic birds•Snakes•Sloths

•Bats•Insects•Large cats•Exotic mammals

Page 87: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Monkeys

Page 88: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Exotic birdsToucan Parrots

Page 89: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest•Exotic birdsCockatoo Hummingbird

Page 90: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Snakes (Anaconda)

Page 91: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest•SnakesAlbino Ball Python Green Mamba

Page 92: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Sloths

Page 93: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Bat (Fruit bat)

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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•InsectsButterfly Beetle

Page 95: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Large Cats (Jaguar)

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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Large Cats (Sumatran Tiger)

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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Large Cat (Ocelot)

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Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Exotic mammalsPaca Peccary

Page 99: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest

•Exotic mammalsAgouti Nutria

Page 100: Biomes (Land)

Tropical Savanna

Page 101: Biomes (Land)

Characteristics of the Savanna

• Tropical, rolling grassland scattered with shrubs and isolated trees

• Not enough rainfall to support forests

• Long dry winter with 4” rainfall and rainy summer with 15 – 50 inches of rainfall annually

• 90oF in dry season; 70oF in summer• Clay and sand mixed soils

Page 102: Biomes (Land)

Savanna Producers

•Tall, wild grasses

•Acacia trees

•Small shrubs

Page 103: Biomes (Land)

Savanna Consumers• Large herbivores such

as antelope, gazelles, giraffes, elephants, zebras, wildebeests

• Large carnivores such as lions, hyenas, and leopards

Page 104: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the African Grassland

•Gazelle

Page 105: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the African Grassland

•Wildebeest

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Animals of the African Grassland

•Lion

Page 107: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the African Grassland

•Elephant

Page 108: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the African Grassland

•Giraffe

Page 109: Biomes (Land)

Grassland - Prairie“The Bread Basket of the World”

Found on every continent.

Page 110: Biomes (Land)

GrasslandGrasslands are known by many names.U.S.A. – Prairie or Plains•Asia – Steppe•South America – Pampas•Africa –Veldt or Savanna•Australia - Savanna

Page 111: Biomes (Land)

Grassland

• Wet seasons followed by a season of drought

• 25 to 75 cm precipitation yearly

Page 112: Biomes (Land)

Grassland

• The soil is rich and fertile.

• The grass has extensive root systems, called sod.

Page 113: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the GrasslandGrassland regions of the world are important farming areas. Cereal and grains grow here.Examples:•Wheat•Rye•Barley•Corn

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Plants of the Grassland

•Wheat

Page 115: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Grassland

•Rye

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Plants of the Grassland

•Barley

Page 117: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Grassland

•Corn

Page 118: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Grassland

The most noticeable animals in grassland ecosystems are usually grazing mammals.

Page 119: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the American Grassland

•Bison

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Animals of the American Grassland

•Prairie Dog

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Animals of the American Grassland

•Pronghorn

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Animals of the American Grassland

•Coyote

Page 123: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Australian Grassland

•Long Nosed Bandicoot

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Animals of the Australian Grassland

•Wallaby

Page 125: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Australian Grassland

•Wombat

Page 126: Biomes (Land)

Chapparal (Scrub)

Page 127: Biomes (Land)

Chapparal Characteristics

• Cross between a grassland and a forest• May contain mountain slopes and

plains• Hot, dry summers and mild winters• Average winter temperature ~ 46oF• Average summer temperature ~ 72oF• Annual rainfall 15 - 40 inches• Nutrient poor soil with low moisture

Page 128: Biomes (Land)

Chapparal OrganismsProducers

• Trees such as oak

• Shrubs with thick waxy coverings to conserve water

Consumers• Aardvark• Coyotes• Lynx• Chipmunks

Page 129: Biomes (Land)

Chapparals

Page 130: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Australian GrasslandAustralian grassland animals are marsupials

•Kangaroo

Page 131: Biomes (Land)

DesertFound on every continent.The driest biome on Earth

Page 132: Biomes (Land)

Desert

• Extreme temperatures- Very hot during the day and cool at night

Page 133: Biomes (Land)

Desert

• Very little rainfall

• Less than25 cm precipitation yearly

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Desert

• The soil ranges from gravel to sand.

• Soil is nutrient poor.

Page 135: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the DesertDesert plants have evolved adaptations to help them survive in the extreme temperatures and dryness of this biome.

Examples:•Cactus•Mesquite•Joshua trees

•Wildflowers•Creosote

Page 136: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Desert•Cactus

Saguaro Prickly Pear

Page 137: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Desert

•Mesquite

Page 138: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Desert

•Joshua tree

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Plants of the Desert

•Wildflowers

Page 140: Biomes (Land)

Plants of the Desert

•Creosote

Page 141: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the DesertThe animals of the desert are adapted to the hot temperatures. Examples:•Lizards•Camels•Snakes•Scorpions

•Kangaroo rat•Gila Monster•Predatory birds•Tarantula

Page 142: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Desert•LizardsDesert Iguana Frilled Lizard

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Animals of the Desert•Camel

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Animals of the Desert•SnakesDiamondback Rattlesnake Sidewinder

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Animals of the Desert

•Scorpion

Page 146: Biomes (Land)

Animals of the Desert•Kangaroo rat

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Animals of the Desert

•Gila Monster

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Animals of the Desert•Predatory birdsGreat Horned Owl Kestrel

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Animals of the Desert

•Tarantula

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