BIOMES CONTAIN MANY ECOSYSTEMS

• REGIONS OF EARTH ARE CLASSIFIED INTO BIOMES– Biome=large geographic areas that are similar in climate

& have similar plants & animals– 6 major biomes on Earth– Climate (long term weather pattern of region) is important

factor in land biomes, so is available water, temperature and soil type.

• WATER COVERS MOST OF EARTH’S SURFACE– About 75% of Earth is covered by water– Freshwater & saltwater biomes– Plants are producers for water near land; while deep ocean

water relies on tiny photosynthetic microorganisms called phytoplankton

TAIGA & TUNDRA• These are characterized by long, cold winters and short summers. (Arctic

tundra can be –50oC)• Tundra gets little rain (<25cm/yr), but is wet because cold keeps water from

evaporating; permafrost(deep frozen soil) keeps trees from taking root, so just little moss, grass, lichen & shrubs. Find rodents, caribou, musk ox, grizzly bears, foxes, & owls.

• Taiga has more rain, more snow on ground insulating soil from permafrost. • Have CONIFEROUS trees (needlelike leaves making food all year). Wood

& leaves of trees feed insects, seeds feed birds & squirrels.• Deer, elk, snowshoe hare, beavers, lynx, owls, bears & wolves live here.

Desert & Grassland• Found in middle latitudes; not much precipitation to support

trees for either.• Some deserts are cold, some hot but all have dry soil; desert

plants (cacti) & animals (lizards) can get by on very little water. Also have kangaroo rat, snakes, foxes & owls.

• Grassland had moderate rainfall (50-90cm/yr); enough for grasses but not forests. Warm summers & may have cold winters.

• Seed-eating rodents, bison, horses, gazelles, zebras, wolves, tigers & lions are found in grasslands.

Temperate & Tropical Forest• Temperate forest grow where winters are short & 75-150cm

of water/yr. Most made of Deciduous trees (broad leaves, drop in winter-oak,maple). Supports wide variety of forest animals. Some have coniferous trees (Pacific Northwest-redwoods & spruce: wet winter & dry summer).

• Tropical forests near equator, warm all year and wettest biome (250-400cm/yr). Leaves all year & soil is poor in nutrients. More animals & plants than anywhere else. Trees grow close together & support many tree dwelling animals (monkey, snakes, birds) & plants (orchids & vines).

FRESHWATER BIOME• Ecosystem of freshwater biomes affected by quality of

landscape around them. (depth of water; how fast water runs, etc., determines types of plants & animals)

• Ponds & lakes have still water; Ponds have many plants, deeper lakes have more phytoplankton. Insects, shellfish, fish and land animals feed within them.

• Estuary: water ecosystem that’s a transition between fresh & saltwater biomes. Lower end of river that feeds into ocean, where fresh & salt water mix. Marshes & wetlands are both estuaries. (nurseries of sea: calm waters attract marine animals to reproduce here). Seaweed, marsh grasses, shellfish, & birds thrive here.

FRESHWATER BIOME

MARINE BIOMES• Saltwater biomes: coastal ocean, open ocean, and deep

ocean. Beaches & tidepools are part of coastal ocean biome. Crabs & clams thrive in ever-changing conditions of coastal areas.

• Open ocean gets less sunlight & has cooler temperatures. Many fish, marine animals, and floating seaweed live in upper ocean. No plants in open ocean, producers are phytoplankton.

• Deep ocean is much colder & darker. Animals feed on each other or on material falling down from upper levels of ocean. Many of deepest organisms are microscopic and many are still unknown.

MARINE BIOME