biomass power generation resource and infrastructure … · 2012. 2. 1. · biomass energy – some...
TRANSCRIPT
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Biomass Power Generation Resource and Infrastructure Requirements
Idaho Forest Restoration Partnership Conference,
Boise, Idaho
February 1, 2012
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Presentation Overview
Introduction
Woody Biomass Utilization
Conversion Technologies Infrastructure
Requirements
Fuel Requirements Project Development
Considerations
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What is Biomass?
Biomass – any solid, nonhazardous, cellulosic material derived from: forest-related resources, solid wood wastes, agricultural wastes, and plants grown exclusively as a fuel.*
*based on the definition of biomass per the Federal Energy Act of
2005.
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Woody Biomass Utilization
Lumber products, composite panels, pulp Soil amendments Densified fuel pellets Animal Bedding Landscape cover Biofuels (ethanol, renewable diesel) Biomass power (generation or cogeneration)
A variety of value-added end uses have evolved over time – Some are commercially proven and some are still in the RD & D Phases.
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Conversion of Woody Biomass to Power and Fuels
Bio-Alcohols
BiomassResource
Transportation,Preparation and
HandlingTechnology
PlatformFuels/
Products
Forest &Agricultural
Residues
MunicipalSolid Waste
DirectCombustion
Biochemical
ThermochemicalBio-Diesel
ChemicalsDrugs
Materials
Electricity &Heat
Energy Crops
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Combustion Technology- Part 1
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Combustion Technology- Part 2
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Community Power Corp Gasifier - 12.5 KW, Philippines
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Community Power Corp BioMax 50 kWh CHP at Dixon Ridge Walnut Farm, Winters, CA
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Phoenix Technologies Biomass 500 kWh Gasification Unit at Merced, CA
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DG Fairhaven Power 18 MW CHP at Fairhaven, CA
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Burney Forest Power 31 MW CHP at Burney, CA
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Wheelabrator Shasta Energy Company 50 MW Generation facility at Anderson, CA
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Biomass Energy – Some Rules of Thumb
1 MW (1,000 kW) is enough power for 800 to 1,000 homes.
Biomass fuel is purchased on a Bone Dry Ton basis.
Typical amount of biomass recovered during fuels treatment is 10-14BDT/acre.
Typical “burn rate” is 1 BDT/MW hr.
10MW plant consumes 10 BDT/hr.
Assuming that 12 BDT/ac is recovered, a 10 MW plant would procure biomass from fuels treatment on approximately 7,000 acres/year.
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Biopower in North America Current Industrial Technology
Nearly 10,000 MW of generation capacity.
Almost all systems are combustion / steam turbine.
Most are grate stokers. 5-110 MW (avg. 20 MW). Heat rate 11,000-20,000
BTU/kWh. Installed cost $1,700-$4,000
per kW.
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Biopower Facility Example
20 MW plant produces enough power for about 18,000 to 20,000 homes
New plant construction cost = $60 to $80 million Consumes about 160,000 BDT/yr (1BDT/MW/hour
burn rate) Biomass transported up to 50 miles (maybe farther) Delivered biomass fuel valued at $20 - 55 per BDT Average electrical energy production cost ~ $0.09 - $0.13/kWh
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Advantages of Biomass When
Compared to Wind and Solar Energy
Provides baseload renewable energy (24/7) on a cost effective basis.
Has numerous societal benefits: - Supports hazardous fuels reduction and healthy forests - Provides employment (4.9 jobs/MW) - Greenhouse gas reduction displacing fossil fuels - Reduces waste material destined for landfills - Net improvement in air quality
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Improving Air Quality
Diagram courtesy of Placer County Air Pollution Control District
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Infrastructure Requirements
Transportation System
– Road System – Rail (helpful but not required)
Industrial Site – 2 to 40 acres Water Collocated (Utilization of Waste Heat)
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Key Fuel Characteristics
Heating Value (Btu/dry pound) Moisture Content (% moisture) Sizing (typically 3” minus) Ash Content (% non-combustibles) Chemical Make-Up (sulfur, potassium,
lignin)
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Confirm Types of Fuel/Feedstock That Meet Project Specifications
Forest – Forest operations (fuels reduction, timber harvest residuals) – Forest manufacturing byproducts (sawdust, bark, shavings)
Agricultural – Byproducts (orchard removals, prunings, shells) – Dedicated crops (poplar, willow, eucalyptus, switchgrass)
Urban – Tree trimmings, general wood waste – Clean construction & demolition wood
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Target Study Area
Define feedstock availability – Target Study Area based on economic haul distances required to source fuel/feedstock.
Typical radial distances from the targeted site are 30, 50, 75, or 100 miles.
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Kings Beach, CA Project Target Study Area
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Assessment Filters
Three filters used to confirm availability of fuel/feedstock resource:
Potential – Gross estimate. Technical – More refined based on physical
recovery and resource policy factors. Economic – Very refined using current
competition/demand, potential competition, community support and actual costs to harvest, collect, process and transport.
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Current & Potential Competition
Assess current uses/competition for fuel/feedstock.
Examples include: – Other bioenergy projects. – Furnish for composite panel manufacturing. – Raw material for soil amendment/landscape
cover. – Feedstock for densified fuel pellet facility.
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Key State and Federal Policies
List existing policies that impact fuel/feedstock availability and pricing. Some may only be available for defined periods or are currently being considered: – Federal - Biomass Crop Assistance Program – State - HB 2210 Tax Credit
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Fuel/Feedstock Supply Assessment – Key Factors
Meets project specifications. Sustainable long term supply located within close
proximity (30 to 125 mile radius). Economically available (accounting for current/
potential competition, state/federal policies). Available in quantities and from diverse financially
viable sources that support project financing: – Minimum 10 year supply, 50% - 70% under
contract. – At least 2.5 – 3 times facility usage (fuel supply
coverage ratio).
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Bioenergy Project Development - Deal Killer Issues to Consider
Fuel/Feedstock Supply
Community Support Project Economics Appropriate
Technology Siting/Infrastructure
& Permitting
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Importance of Stewardship Contracts
Long term sustainable fuel supply is #1 risk factor for private capital investors.
Range of Stew Contracts: – IRTC – IRSC
IDIQ
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Community Participation in Attracting Bioenergy Projects
Renewable Portfolio Standard State Legislative Initiative Idaho PUC Collocation
– Community Buildings – Commercial Facilities
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Federal Tax Credits/Grants
Production Tax Credit Investment Tax Credit Treasury Dept 1603 Grant New Market Tax Credit Woody BUG
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Three Major Components For a Viable Bioenergy Project
Fuel Supply
Off-Take Market Financing
!
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Other Biomass Utilization Options
Small Scale CHP Thermal Only Densified Fuel Pellets Animal Bedding Landscape Cover Firewood
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Tad Mason, CEO TSS Consultants
2724 Kilgore Road Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
916.266.0546 [email protected]
www.tssconsultants.com