biomass fuelled power plants
TRANSCRIPT
BIOMASS FUELLED POWER PLANTS
OUTLINES
Introduction Biomass and its sources Biomass power plant and its working Biomass power generation modes Social benefits Economic viability Prospective segments & challenges Conclusions References
INTRODUCTION
Enough Biomass resources in the world to cover the world’s energy demand.
Using Biomass sources for power generation is CO2
neutral.
WHAT IS BIOMASS ?
Biomass is a renewable energy source that is derived from living or recently living organisms.
It is produced by metabolic activities of biological systems (plants and animals) and/or products of their decomposition or conversion
The chemical and energetic value of those materials is based on the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bond
Biomass suitable for utilization must have a net heating value
SOURCES OF BIOMASS
•Comes from the forest•Can also come from plant and animal waste•Wood and waste can be found virtually anywhere
OVERVIEW
Biomass can be chemically and biochemically treated to convert it to a energy-rich fuel.
Thermal energy is extracted by means of combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification.
Energy derived from biomass is mostly used to generate electricity or to produce heat.
KEY COMPONENTS OF BIOMASS POWER PLANT
Fuel storage and handling equipment Combustor / furnace Boiler Pumps Fans Steam turbine Generator Condenser Cooling tower Exhaust / emissions controls System controls (automated).
HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM BIOMASS
HOW DOES BIOMASS POWERPLANT WORK
BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODES
Different types of biomass power generation modes are Combustion Gasification combustion Mixed burning Gasification mixed burning
BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODES
COMBUSTION Biomass burned directly in boiler to produce steam to
generate electricity Main advantage
Mature technology Low running cost Simple biomass pretreatment
Disadvantage Low efficiency at small scale single biomass fuel large investment
Application Large scale power generation
BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODE
GASIFICATION COMBUSTION solid biomass breaks down to form a
flammable gas. Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas
burned in gas turbine or engine
Gasification Advantage
High efficiency at small scale Flexible in capacity Low investment
Disadvantage Complex equipment High maintenance cost
Applications Medium and small system Combined cycles , which combine gas turbines and
steam turbines to produce electricity
BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODE
MIXED BURNING Biomass mixed with coal and burned in boiler
Main advantage Simple and convenient operation Least investment if no reconstruction of existing
device Main disadvantage
Strict biomass pretreatment and quality Some impact on original system.
Application Suitable for timber biomass.
BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODES
Gasification –mixed burning Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned with coal
in boiler Main advantage
Universal application Low impact on original coal-fired system Economic benefit
Main disadvantage Complex management Certain metal erosion problem
Application Power generation system for mass biomass.
VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND OPTIONS AVAILABLE
Biomass liquefaction via pyrolysis A process similar to Gasification Heating of Hydrocarbons in zero oxygen condition Condenses the vapors to obtain Bio-oil (pyrolysis
oil) Bio-oil is easily transportable, store and handle Can be combusted in boiler for heat or electrical
generation
VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND OPTIONS AVAILABLE
Organic plant based oil(crude palm oil-CPO) Generation of electricity using CPO.
Biogas anaerobic digestion. a type of fermentation that converts organic
material into biogas. it mainly consists of methane (approximately
60%) and carbon dioxide(approximately 40%). Power generation using scrubbed methane gas.
SOCIAL BENEFITS OF BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
Biomass power generates electricity that is: reliable, domestically produced, economically competitive and environmentally sustainable.
Since biomass energy uses domestically-produced fuels, biomass power: greatly reduces our dependence on foreign
energy sources, increases our national security and provides greater fuel diversity.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
Minimizes cost involved with waste disposal
Can generate money for community It provide job opportunity in rural areas Power from biomass gasifier based
plants are cheap in rural areas Overall cost of installation, running,
transmission, labor etc. per unit cost of electricity is low.
PROSPECTIVE SEGMENTS & CHALLENGES
Biomass Combustion power plant is attractive to: Industrial Factories owners Plantation/Mill owners
Sugar cane (Bagasse) Rice (Rice Husks) Wood/Paper (Wood Wastes) Corn (Corn Wastes) Palm Oil (Empty Fruit Bunches, Shells) Cassava (Roots, Stems)
Able to supply both Electricity and Heat (steam) for factory use
Main challenges: securing the long term supply of Biomass fuel source at stable prices selling price of electricity, if connected to the grid to sell electricity
CONCLUSIONS
Uses low cost waste materials
Recycling waste materials can be a solution to the problems with disposing of waste products
Reduced dependence on foreign oil
Biomass plants operate in a reliable and consistent manner providing crucial base load power generation.
REFERENCES
“Biomass power generation modes.”http://www.V-FLO.com
B H KHAN, “Non-conventional energy resources” , 3RD edition, pub. year 2006
“Biomass energy” www.amrenewables.com Pyrolysis and Other Thermal Processing. [U.S.
Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Biomass Program]http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.html