SPM Biology Express Revision

Form 4 Topics

A= ______________

B= ______________

C= ______________

D= ______________

Sonneratia sp.

Rhizophora sp.

Bruguiera sp.

Avicennia sp.

Colonisation :

When pioneer species starts inhabit an uninhabited place

and form colony.

41.

Succession :

Begins when pioneer species replaced by new plant species

(successor species) to reach stable climax community.

A= ______________

B= ______________

C= ______________

D= ______________

Sonneratia sp.

Rhizophora sp.

Bruguiera sp.

Avicennia sp.

If the quadrat used is 1 m2, calculate the density of love

grass in the area.

Total number of individuals of a species in all quadrats

Total number of quadrats quadrat areaDensity =

42.

Density =5 + 8 + 2 + 10 + 5

5 1

30=

5

= 6

What is the percentage

coverage of grass of

species P?

Arial coverage of all quadrats (m2)Percentage

coverage= 100%

Total number of quadrats quadrat area

43.

Percentage coverage

0.56 + 0.64 + 0.43 + 0.32 +

0.74 + 0.13 + 0.28 + 0.46= 100%

8 1

3.56= 100%

8

= 44.5%

What is the estimated

population of

woodlice in this area?

Number of animals

in the first samplePopulation

size=

Number of marked animals recaptured

Number of animals in

the second sample

44.

40Population size =

6

42

= 280

P= ________________

Q=________________

R= ________________

S= ________________

T= ________________

U= ________________

V= ________________

Species

Genus

Family

Order

Class

Phylum

Kingdom

45.

A= ______________________________________________

B= _____________________________________________

C= _____________________________________________

D= _____________________________________________

Denitrifying bacteria

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

NH3 Nitrit (NO2) Nitrat (NO3

)Nitrosomonas sp. Nitrobacter sp.

Decomposer

46.

_____ _____ _____P R Q

Thinning of ozone layer:

The ozone layer decreases or becomes thinner caused by

chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).

47.

_____ _____ _____ _____ _____R P S Q T

48.