BiologyChemistry Unit

Test Review

Images in this power point were obtained from Google Images

What is Matter?Anything that has _______ and _________.

What is Matter?Anything that has mass and volume.

What is the smallest unit of matter?

Hint: not a Chihuahua!

An Atom!

What is the smallest unit of matter?

What is an

?Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!

An element is “pure stuff”. It is only one kind of atom in matter such as pure gold (Au) from the periodic table.

Other Examples:CarbonHydrogenOxygenSodiumPhosphorous

What are atoms made up of? What are their charges?

?

What are atoms made up of? What are their charges?

What makes up the Atomic Mass of the atom?

What makes up the Atomic Mass of the atom?

Protons (+) and

Neutrons (0)

What is this number called? What does this number represent?

What is this number called? What does this number represent?

This is the element Boron and how it appears on the periodic table.

Represents the

# of Protons (+)

Represents the # Protons + # Neutrons

Also indicates# of electrons (-)

WHAT IS AN ION?

AN ION IS WHEN AN ATOM HAS GAINED OR LOST ELECTRONS

OK, now you know what an ion is, so what is an

Ionic Bond?

“I”onic Bond: When electrons are lost or gained (NO SHARING) between atoms.

Hint: “I” am greedy! “I” give or take but do not share!

What is a covalent bond?Hint:

Co-captains share their

position

Atom Atom

Covalent bond: When two atoms are sharing electrons in a compound.

What are…..

Isotopes are same atom with different numbers of

NEUTRONS!

Isotopes of Carbon

Define:Molecule / Compound

(same definition)

2 or more elements chemically combined

Define:Molecule / Compound

(same definition)

Chemical and Physical

What type of changes in matter would be considered

to be physical?

What type of changes in matter would be considered to be chemical?

What does a pH scale indicate (do not say the pH number). It is the

concentration of ___?___ in a solution.

What does a pH scale indicate? (do not say the pH number). It is the concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

Know which numbers are acidic and basic

Strong Acid Weak AcidpH= 1-4 pH= 5,6

Weak Base Strong BasepH= 8,9 pH=10-14

NeutralpH = 7

What is a buffer?

Don’t have a clue?

Hint: We have been dealing with pH, so it probably has something to do with that.

A weak acid or weak base that can react with strong acids or bases to make small pH changes and maintain pH balance “HOMEOSTASIS”

Buffer

Define & Give and Example:

•Solute

•Solvent

•Solution

Solute: What is dissolved by the solvent Ex: SALT

Solvent : What does the dissolvingEx: WATER

Solution: When a solute is dissolved into a solvent Ex: Salt + Water

What is the name for a type of mixture that there is NO DISSOLVING taking place?

Suspension: No Dissolving

Sand + Water

Oil + Vinegar

What is COHESION?

What is ADHESION?

What is COHESION?

What is ADHESION?

Same molecules sticking together Water + Water

Different molecules sticking together Water + Glass

What is the weak bond called that forms between the polar molecules of water?

What is the weak bond called that forms between the polar molecules of water?

HYDROGEN BONDS

H(+)

O(-)

H(+)

What is polarity?

See a resemblance?

H(+)

O(-)

H(+)

Polarity: Unequal sharing of electrons

causing (+) on one side and (-) on the other

See a resemblance?

MACROMOLECULES

“__________________” removes water (H2O) when putting monomers together to make polymers.

“DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS” removes water (H2O) when combining monomers to make polymers.

•Name the 4 types of macromolecules?

•They are all organic compounds because they contain what?

•Name the 4 types of macromolecules? Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids•They are all organic compounds because they contain what? CARBON

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)

Energy – Quick

Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen

Structure and support

Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)

What elements are

in carbohydrates

?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)

Energy – Quick

Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen

Structure and support

Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)

Energy – Quick

Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen

Structure and support

Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)

What is the monomer for

Carbohydrates?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)

Energy – Quick

Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen

Structure and support

Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)

Energy – Quick

Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen

Structure and support

Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)

What are the two

functions?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)

Energy – Quick

Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen

Structure & Support

Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)

Energy – Quick

Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen

Structure & Support

Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)

What are animal and

plant examples of stored energy?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)

Energy – Quick

Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen

Structure & Support

Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)

Energy – Quick

Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen

Structure & Support

Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)

What are examples of

plant and animal

structure or support?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Monosaccharide(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)

Energy – Quick

Plants = Starch Animals = Glycogen

Structure & Support

Plants = Cellulose (fiber in cell walls) Animals = Chitin (exoskeletons)

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Lipids

(Fats, Oils, Waxes)

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Fatty Acids

Glycerol with fatty acid chains

attached

Energy Storage

Long term

Fats & Blubber

Cell

Membranes

Phospholipids

Chemical Signals

Hormones

Repel Water

Waxes

What the elements are

for lipids?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Lipids

(Fats, Oils, Waxes)

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Fatty Acids

Glycerol with fatty acid chains

attached

Energy Storage

Long term

Fats & Blubber

Cell

Membranes

Phospholipids

Chemical Signals

Hormones

Repel Water

Waxes

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Lipids

(Fats, Oils, Waxes)

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Fatty Acids

Glycerol with fatty acid chains

attached

Energy Storage

Long term

Fats & Blubber

Cell

Membranes

Phospholipids

Chemical Signals

Hormones

Repel Water

Waxes

What are the monomers for lipids?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Lipids

(Fats, Oils, Waxes)

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Fatty Acids

Glycerol with fatty acid chains

attached

Energy Storage

Long term

Fats & Blubber

Cell

Membranes

Phospholipids

Chemical Signals

Hormones

Repel Water

Waxes

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Lipids

(Fats, Oils, Waxes)

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Fatty Acids

Glycerol with fatty acid chains

attached

Energy Storage

Long term

Fats & Blubber

Cell

Membranes

Phospholipids

Chemical Signals

Hormones

Repel Water

Waxes

What are the 4 functions of lipids?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Lipids

(Fats, Oils, Waxes)

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Fatty Acids

Glycerol with fatty acid chains

attached

Energy Storage

Long term

Fats & Blubber

Cell

Membranes

Phospholipids

Chemical Signals

Hormones

Repel Water

Waxes

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Lipids

(Fats, Oils, Waxes)

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Fatty Acids

Glycerol with fatty acid chains

attached

Energy Storage

Long term

Fats & Blubber

Cell

Membranes

Phospholipids

Chemical Signals

Hormones

Repel Water

Waxes

Give examples of

each function

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Lipids

(Fats, Oils, Waxes)

C, H, O

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen

Fatty Acids

Glycerol with fatty acid chains

attached

Energy Storage

Long term

Fats & Blubber

Cell

Membranes

Phospholipids

Chemical Signals

Hormones

Repel Water

Waxes

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Proteins

C, H, O, N

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Amino Acids

Movement Muscles

Absorb Light Pigments

Chemical Signals Hormones

Fight Infections Antibodies

Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin

Regulates Reactions

Enzymes

What are the elements for

proteins?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Proteins

C, H, O, N

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Amino Acids

Movement Muscles

Absorb Light Pigments

Chemical Signals Hormones

Fight Infections Antibodies

Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin

Regulates Reactions

Enzymes

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Proteins

C, H, O, N

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Amino Acids

Movement Muscles

Absorb Light Pigments

Chemical Signals Hormones

Fight Infections Antibodies

Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin

Regulates Reactions

Enzymes

What are the monomers of

protein?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Proteins

C, H, O, N

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Amino Acids

Movement Muscles

Absorb Light Pigments

Chemical Signals Hormones

Fight Infections Antibodies

Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin

Regulates Reactions

Enzymes

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Proteins

C, H, O, N

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Amino Acids

Movement Muscles

Absorb Light Pigments

Chemical Signals Hormones

Fight Infections Antibodies

Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin

Regulates Reactions

Enzymes

What are the 6 functions of

Proteins?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Proteins

C, H, O, N

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Amino Acids

Movement Muscles

Absorb Light Pigments

Chemical Signals Hormones

Fight Infections Antibodies

Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin

Regulates Reactions

Enzymes

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Proteins

C, H, O, N

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Amino Acids

Movement Muscles

Absorb Light Pigments

Chemical Signals Hormones

Fight Infections Antibodies

Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin

Regulates Reactions

Enzymes

What are examples of

each function?

Type of Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Proteins

C, H, O, N

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Amino Acids

Movement Muscles

Absorb Light Pigments

Chemical Signals Hormones

Fight Infections Antibodies

Carries Oxygen Hemoglobin

Regulates Reactions

Enzymes

Type of

Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Nucleic Acids

C, H, O, N, P

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Phosphorous

Nucleotides

Genetic Info

DNA

Protein

Synthesis (making)

RNA

Energy

ATP

What are the elements for

Nucleic Acids?

Type of

Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Nucleic Acids

C, H, O, N, P

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Phosphorous

Nucleotides

Genetic Info

DNA

Protein

Synthesis (making)

RNA

Energy

ATP

Type of

Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Nucleic Acids

C, H, O, N, P

Carbon, Hydrogen,

Oxygen, Nitrogen

Phosphorous

Nucleotides

Genetic Info

DNA

Protein

Synthesis (making)

RNA

Energy

ATP

What are the monomers for Nucleic

Acids?

Type of

Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Nucleic Acids

C, H, O, N, P

Carbon,

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Phosphorous

Nucleotides

Genetic Info

DNA

Protein

Synthesis (making)

RNA

Energy

ATP

Type of

Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Nucleic Acids

C, H, O, N, P

Carbon,

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Phosphorous

Nucleotides

Genetic Info

DNA

Protein

Synthesis (making)

RNA

Energy

ATP

What are the functions 3 of

Nucleic Acids?

Type of

Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Nucleic Acids

C, H, O, N, P

Carbon,

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Phosphorous

Nucleotides

Genetic Info

DNA

Protein

Synthesis (making)

RNA

Energy

ATP

Type of

Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Nucleic Acids

C, H, O, N, P

Carbon,

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Phosphorous

Nucleotides

Genetic Info

DNA

Protein

Synthesis (making)

RNA

Energy

ATP

What are examples of

the functions?

Type of

Molecule

Elements

Monomer

(Basic building block)

Functions

Examples

Nucleic Acids

C, H, O, N, P

Carbon,

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Phosphorous

Nucleotides

Genetic Info

DNA

Protein

Synthesis (making)

RNA

Energy

ATP

Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?

Which macromolecule creates pigments for our skin, hair, eyes, hemoglobin (carry oxygen), antibodies to fight infection, and muscles (movement) for our bodies?

PROTEINS

What are Enzymes?

?

What are Enzymes?

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.

Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help _____________________.

Name the 3 parts

Enzymes are catalysts in the body that help speed up chemical reactions.

Must know the 3 parts

Reactant that

needs the help of

an enzyme is

called a substrate

Lock & Key

What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?

What 2 things affect enzymes ability to do their job?

Temperature & pH

Chemical ReactionsWhat are the reactants and products of this

reaction?

A + B → C

Chemical ReactionsWhat are the reactants and products of this

reaction?

A + B → CReactants Products

What is Activation Energy?

What is Activation Energy?Energy needed to get a reaction

started

What is the difference between Exergonic and Endergonic

reactions?

Activation Energy (energy needed to get a reaction started)

Energy Released

Energy Absorbed

Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………

__________, ___________, and ___________

Energy released during a chemical reaction is in the form of………

Heat, Light, Sound

A

B

What is the difference between reaction A & B?

A

B

What is the difference between reaction A & B?