biology chapters 6 & 7 lecture notes · biology chapters 6 & 7 lecture notes i) energy- is...
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Biology Chapters 6 & 7 Lecture Notes
I) Energy- is the ability to perform work.
A) Autotrophs- can use the energy from the sunlight to
make its own food.
1) They use sunlight, CO2 and H2O to make food.
2) They build organic compounds from inorganic
substances.
3) Not only do they make their own food but they can
also store their food.
Ex. Plants
A) Heterotrophy- organisms that cannot make their own food
1) They must use other organisms for energy.
2) All heterotrophs rely directly or indirectly on autotrophs.
II) ATP- (Adenosine Tri Phosphate) has 3 attached phosphate groups.
A) ATP is the energy storage molecule used by most organisms.
B) The Energy is stored in bonds between phosphate groups.
Figure 6.4 shows the structure of ATP.
III) Photosynthesis- the process by which autotrophs convert sunlight to a useable form of energy.
A) Carried out by plants and many microorganisms.
B) Radiant energy from sun is used to produce glucose.
C) Photosynthetic Equation-
D) Rate of Photosynthesis is affected by the environment that the plant is living in.
1) Amount of light
2) Carbon Dioxide
3) Temperature
IV) Light and Pigments
A) The Visible Spectrum of light is the resulting array of colors present in white light.
1) The colors range from red to violet. (ROYGBIV)
2) Sunlight has different wavelengths of light where the shorter wavelengths have more
energy.
3) Violet has shorter wavelength thus more energy.
B) Pigment- is a molecule that absorbs only certain wavelengths of light.
C) Chlorophyll- is the most important photosynthetic pigment in plants and algae.
1) They transmit or reflect green light.
2) Absorbs red and blue light.
D) Chloroplasts- The place that contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
V) Cellular Respiration- the process where food molecules(glucose) are broken down to release energy.
A) All organisms use respiration.
B) Summary of Cellular Respiration is given in the following equation.
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy
C) Aerobic Respiration is cellular respiration done in the presence of Oxygen.
1) Releases much more energy than anaerobic respiration.
2) Occurs in the Mitochondria.
3) Most Eukaryotic Cells produce a net gain of 36 ATP molecules for every molecule of glucose taken
in.
D) Anaerobic Respiration- the chemical reaction that releases energy from food (or fat)
molecules in the absence of oxygen.
1) 2 types of Anaerobic Respiration a) Alcoholic Fermentation
i) Occurs in some plant cells and yeast.
ii) Produces alcohol in beer and wine.
iii) Ethanol is transported to liver to be converted to glucose
b) Lactic acid Fermentation
i) Occurs in animal cells when O2 is scarce or has been used up.
ii) Lactic acid accumulates in tissues and makes muscles sore after
exercise.
iii) Lactic Acid is transported to liver and is converted to glucose.
c) Neither is an effective source for energy.
i) Energy remains in fermentation products (lactic acid and ethyl alcohol).
VI) Photosynthesis and Respiration Recycling.
A) Plants use CO2 and give off O2
B) Animals use O2 and give off CO2.
C) Constant photosynthesis and respiration results in a continual recycling in the environment.
Attachments
Top 10 the most beautiful animal hunts (by odissey505) - YouTube.flv
HowStuffWorks Videos Assignment Discovery Photosynthesis.flv
Light Dependent Reactions.wmv - YouTube.flv
Calvin Cycle - YouTube.flv
Electron Transport Chain - YouTube.flv
Krebs Cycle - YouTube.flv
African Animals Getting Drunk From Ripe Marula Fruit - YouTube.flv