biology chapter 8 cells and their environment. sodium-potassium pump carrier protein that uses atp...
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Sodium-Potassium Pump
• Carrier protein that uses ATP as it moves potassium ions and sodium ions across the cell membrane.
Cells• The human body contains two hundred and
ten different cell types, that are found only in humans. Every cell in the body has a sodium-potassium pump
• Along with that there is the fact that there are over one hundred trillion cells in the body at any given time.
Cells• Each cell has a sodium potassium pump, this
pump operates on an automatic mechanism of active movement that move the ions of potassium into the plasma membrane of a cell and the ions of sodium out of the plasma membrane of a cell.
Lipid Bilayer• Double layer that makes up a cell membrane
Concentration Gradient• The difference in the concentration
of a substance across a region.
Facilitated Diffusion• A form of passive transport that involves membrane
proteins that aid the movement of substances.
Active Transport• The moving of a substance to an area of
higher concentration, using energy
Passive Transport• The moving of a substance to an area of lower
concentration without any energy use.
Equilibrium• The state that exists for a substance when the
substance is distributed evenly across a space.
Hypertonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
Isotonic Solution
Cells in Solutions
Cells•The cell-surface markers identifies the cell type.
Cell Membranes• The outer surface is polar,
while the interior is nonpolar.
Cells• By controlling what enters and leaves a cell,
the cell membrane aids in maintaining homeostasis within the cell.
Cells• Small nonpolar molecules can pass
unaided through the cell membrane
Diffusion• Is the movement of a substance
down its concentration gradient
Facilitated Diffusion• When particles move out of a cell through
facilitated diffusion, the cell does not experience any change related to energy.
Osmosis• The diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane
Endocytosis• Molecules that are too large to be moved
through a cell membrane can be transported into the cell by endocytosis.
Osmosis• If the concentration of a sugar solution is
lower outside outside the cell than inside the cell, water will move into the cell
Sodium-Potassium Pump• Is used to remove sodium from a cell and
bring potassium into a cell against their concentration gradients
Cell Surfaces• When a molecule fits into the binding site of a
receptor protein on a cell’s surface– The receptor can open an ion channel in the cell
membrane– The receptor can act as a n enzyme, causing
chemical changes in the cytoplasm– The receptor can cause the information of a
second messenger
Receptor Protein•Membrane receptor
proteins transmit information into the cell by responding to signal molecules