biology ap project

Alexander Nguyen

Castro

The observation site consists of many diverse autotrophs, and also consists of heterotrophs as well.

Its size is quite small compared to other ecosystems.

Its main heterotrophs are insects, arachnids, and arthropods.

Here are the Autotrophs that I’ve encountered during the field study:

Poacaea (grass)

Trifolium (clovers)

Psidium (guava)

Cymbopogon (lemongrass)

Rosa (rose)

Here are the Heterotrophs that I’ve encountered

during the field study:

Felis Domesticus (cat)

Chilopoda (centipede)

Araneae (spider)

Formicidaea (ant)

Coleoptera (beetle)

THE AUTOTROPHSTHE HETEROTROPHS

Poacaea is indigenous

Trifolium is indigenous

Psidium is invasive

Cymbopogon is invasive

Rosa is indigenous

Felis Domesticus is invasive

Chilopoda is indigenous

Araneae is indigenous

Formicidae is indigenous

Coleoptera is indigenous

Abiotic factors:

soil,weather,wind,sunlight,water,rocks,

temperature

Biotic factors:

Grass,clovers,ant,centipede,spider,cat

lemongrass,guava,beetle, and rose

Poacaea (grass) originated back in the Mesozoic Era, it is described as a small and common autotrophic plant, and its niche is to collect carbon dioxide and water, then it’ll perform photosynthesis to maintain itself.

Psidium (guava) originated back to Mexico and Central America, it is described as tropical shrubs and small trees, and its niche is to photosynthesize and reproduce its offsprings.

Rosa (rose) originated back to 35 million years ago, it is a very brightly coloured plant, and its niche is to photosynthesize and reproduce.

Cymbopogon (lemongrass) originated in South and Southeast Asia, it is described as a tall, perennial grass, and its niche is to photosynthesize to maintain itself.

Trifolium (clovers) originated in the Northern Hemisphere, South America, and Africa, it is described as a small, short-lived plant, and its niche is to photosynthesize for structure and energy.

Formicidae (Ant) originated about 150 million years ago, they’re described as a tiny insect with a thin waist, elbowed antenna, and a node-like structure, its niche is to support the ant colony, specifically the drones and the queen, supplying with them resources and protection.

Chilopoda (centipede) originated 430 million years ago, they’re described as an arthropodic creature with many segments each containing legs, its niche is to support itself and to reproduce to make offsprings.

Araneae (spider) originated 400 million years ago, they’re described as arthropods with eight legs, and its niche is to kill other insects for energy, then using that for reproduction and support.

Felis Domesticus (cat) originated about 34 million years ago in Eurasia and Africa, they’re described as small, carnivorous mammals, and its niche is to locate food to support itself and reproduce.

Coleoptera (beetle) originated 300 million years ago, they’re a type of insect with a pair of wings and a hardened exterior shell, and its niche is to consume plants to reproduce.

Dates Temperature

(Fahrenheit)Precipitation

(Inches)

Wind speed

(mph)

Cloud

Cover

November

16

65 Degrees 0.04 inches 3.5 mph Overcast

November

17

64 Degrees 0.04 inches 4.5 mph Clear

November

18

64 Degrees 0.03 inches 3 mph Clear

November

19

63 Degrees 0.04 inches 7 mph Clear

November

20

64 Degrees 0.05 inches 0 mph Overcast

Dates Temperature

(Fahrenheit)

Precipitation

(Inches)

Wind speed

(mph)

Cloud

Cover

November

21


November

22

61 Degrees 0.05 inches 3.6 mph Overcast

November

27

71 Degrees 0 inches 7 mph Clear

November

28

66 Degrees 0 inches 4.5 mph Overcast

November

29


Dates Temperature

(Fahrenheit)

Precipitation

(Inches)

Wind speed

(mph)

Cloud

Cover

November

30


December

1

73 Degrees 0 inches 4.5 mph Clear

December

2

68 Degrees 0 inches 3.5 mph Clear

December

3


There were no heterotrophs encountered

on this day, as the heterotrophs were

probably sheltering for heat, as the day

wasn’t warm enough for them.

There was an overcast in the sky, which

reduced the amount of sunlight

concentration for the autotrophs.

There were no heterotrophs, due to heat

insuffiency, however, the soil was moist

around the ecosystem, due to earlier

precipitation.

The sky was also clear of clouds, so the

autotrophs could receive more sunlight

compared to yesterday.

There were ants scaling around the wall

in the ecosystem, most likely searching

food for their queen or for themselves.

The clear sky allowed more sunlight for

the autotrophs in the ecosystem.

I encountered a cat running through the

ecosystem, possibly to search for food.

I have also encountered a spider hiding

under a stone, possibly for shelter or it is

a hotspot to prey for insects.

The wind speed was quite high during

this day.

The first day of my observation to not

have any sort of wind movement.

I’ve encountered two cats throughout

my ecosystem, one is different, while

the other one is from yesterday.

Like yesterday, there was no sort of

wind movement.

I’ve encountered another different cat

that is in the vicinity of the ecosystem.

There was some noticeable wind

movement, breaking the lack of wind

streak.

I’ve encountered a centipede scaling a

wall in the ecosystem, possibly to locate

food or shelter.

The temperature rose significantly

higher, allowing the heterotrophs to able

to roam more freely.

I’ve encountered another centipede, as

the temperature got warmer, more

organisms start to appear.

I’ve also encountered another cat, sitting

at the ecosystem.

The wind speed decreased a little bit.

Another cat showed up at the ecosystem,

possibly due to the higher temperatures

of the atmosphere.

The temperature decreased a bit again,

which will result in less heterotrophs

appearing.

I’ve encountered more ants scaling the

wall again.

The temperature rose exponentially.

The ecosystem surface was moist,

precipitation probably occurred earlier.

There were ants present again, but not

any other heterotroph.

The temperature was a bit warmer than

yesterday, and the wind speed also

increased.

I encountered another cat in my

ecosystem.

The temperature and the wind speed

both decreased compared to yesterday.

There were no heterotrophs present in

the ecosystem.

The temperature plummeted

significantly, and the wind speed also

increased exponentially.

There were no heterotrophs present at

the ecosystem.

Temperature Precipitation

November 16 65F 0.04 inches






November 22 61F .05 inches

November 27 71F 0 inches


November 29 63F .23 inches


December 1 73F 0 inches



In 10 years, the global temperature will have

increased slightly, and precipitation might still be

constant compared to the climatogram.

In 50 years, the temperature will increase much

higher, and precipitation will be significantly

different.

In 100 years, the temperature will fluctuate, and

precipitation will be extremely different, and not

similar to the climatogram at all.

The precipitation supplied the autotrophs with

water, which then they’re able to undergo

photosynthesis and grow.

The temperature affected the heterotrophs, if it were

too cold, a small amount of heterotrophs would be

present.

The precipitation affected the ecosystem by

supplying the soil with water, allowing surface

plants to grow, and the wind blew the plants’ spores

to develop somewhere else.

Cat

Guava Ant Spider Centipede

Beetle

Cat

Spider

Ant

Guava

Cat

Spider

Beetle

Guava

Cat

Centipede

Spider

Ant

Guava

Secondary

consumers

Primary

consumers

Producers

Cats

Spiders &

Centipedes

Ants & Beetles

Grass,lemongrass,guava,roses, &

clovers

The sources of pollution include carbon emission from vehicular automobiles, and excess heat being released from a duct pipe, connecting to my house.

The impacts of carbon emission are that the emission will contaminate the air, and the autotrophs will use contaminated carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, resulting in mutations.

The impact of the duct pipe is increase of temperature, where it might kill organisms if they’re not adapted to that kind of temperature.

Pollution has increased very much since human intervention, in forms of littering, carbon emission, and smoking.

Autotrophs can survive more easily now, as humans can water their plants, which is difficult to obtain naturally in an ecosystem without much precipitation.

The invasive arrival of plants by humans can help an ecosystem grow, as more energy is available to the consumers.

I would prevent littering from the ecosystem at all times.

I would prohibit the establishment of factories around the ecosystem, to prevent air pollutants coming from the factories.

I would prohibit smoking, as nicotine is harmful to many organisms, and to humans.

I would prohibit the introduction of native species into the ecosystem, as it might wipe out the inhabitants of the ecosystem.

biology ap project

Education

heterotrophs origin

autotrophs origin

main heterotrophs

small trees

diverse autotrophs

indigenousfelis domesticus

cat lemongrass

ecosystempoacaea grass