Field staff training Programme

Haryana

15 April 2009

Karnal

•Rice is a major source of food in India

•It is staple food for nearly 2/3 of Indian population

•Rice is the single largest crop in India with 42 million ha. with a production of 88 Million tons (milled rice)

•Rice covers 22% of total cropped area with 39% of total cereal acreages. • Haryana contribute 61% total basmati rice produced in India. •Uttar Pradesh is having highestPaddy and hybrid of Rice acreages in India

Rice -- Some Facts

Rice acreages in India

S No. STATE AREA % OF IRRIG. TO ('000 ha) TOTAL AREA

1 Uttar Pradesh 5939 642 West Bengal 5804 263 Madhya Pradesh 5305 244 Bihar 5081 415 Orissa 4409 376 Andhra Pradesh 4112 967 Punjab 2519 998 Assam 2460 219 Tamil Nadu 2384 9310 Maharashtra 1477 2811 Karnataka 1328 6812 Haryana 1083 10013 Gujarat 632 5714 Kerala 460 5515 Jammu & Kashmir 270 9016 Rajasthan 168 3517 Himachal Pradesh 85 6118 Others 962 12

44478 51ALL INDIA

• Crop Biology of Rice

• Packages of practices

• Insect Management

• Diseases Management

• Nutrient Deficiencies

• UPL product profile

• Q&A and Quiz

Topics to be covered

GROWTH STAGES OF RICE PLANT

The growth of the rice plant is divided into three phases: 1.Vegetative (germination to panicle initiation)

2. Reproductive (panicle initiation to flowering);

3. Ripening (flowering to mature grain)

Phases of Growth

a) Vegetative phase- seed germination to panicleinitiation

1. Seedling stage2. Tillering stage

b) Reproductive phase - Panicle initiation to maturity1. Booting2. Panicle emergence3. Flowering4. Milky Stage5. Dough Stage6. Mature grain

Stages of growth

A 20 days old seedling is ready for transplanting. It has 5-6 leaves and rapidly developing root system

Days to complete growth stages

Seedling stage---- 3-22 days

Tillering stage---22-40 days

Packages of Practices

Planting Time and seed rate :

North India------------------ Mid May to end June

Seed Rate: -------------------- 6 Kg. per Acre

Seed Treatment ----------------- Organo mercurial's@ 2g/Kg seed SAAF @2gm/Kg of

seed

• Soak the seed in water solution for overnight.Soak the seed in water solution for overnight.

• Incubate the seeds in warm moist condition for 36-48 Incubate the seeds in warm moist condition for 36-48 hours or until it gets sprouted(pregermination).hours or until it gets sprouted(pregermination).

• Wash the seed in clean water twice a day to avoid the Wash the seed in clean water twice a day to avoid the rotten smell.rotten smell.

• Seeds can be incubate in moist jute sacks.Seeds can be incubate in moist jute sacks.

• Sow pregerminated seeds uniformly on the seed beds Sow pregerminated seeds uniformly on the seed beds @ 1 kg /35 to 40 sq.meter area preferably during @ 1 kg /35 to 40 sq.meter area preferably during evening hours.evening hours.

PLANTING METHOD

Pre germinated seeds

Seedbed preparation

• Prepare nursery area thoroughly by repeated ploughing, puddling and uniform leveling

•Prepare seedbeds of one meter width and of convenient length

•Apply 250 kg. FYM, 1kg Nitrogen, 0.5 kg Phosphorous, 0.5 kg Potash and0 .25Kg Zn for every 100 sq. meter area.

Main field preparation

• Prepare main field area thoroughly by repeated ploughing, puddling and uniform leveling.

• Apply 15 tons of well decomposed FYM per hectare.

• Apply 15 Kg Urea, 50 Kg DAP ,30 Kg MOP and 10 Kg Zinc per acre before transplanting.

•Transplant after 25 to 30 days depending on the seedling growth(5-6 leaf stage)

•Plant only one seedling per hill

•Spacing between row is 20 cm and between plant is 15 cm(33 plants/sq m)

•Fill the gaps if any due to mortality of seedlings after 8 days of transplanting using the excess seedlings

Transplanting

Weed control-Apply SAATHI@ 80gm/Acre mixed with 20 Kg sand within 2-3 days of transplanting. There should be 2-3 cm standing water in the field.

•Water management: Maintain 2-3 cm level of water in the main field for initial 15 days

•Drain the water for 1 or 2 days around 20th day

•Increase the water level thereafter to 4-5 cm till it reaches at maximum tillering stage.

•Drain the water for 1 or 2 days around 40th day so as to suppress the emergence of unproductive tillers.• •Increase the water level thereafter to 4-5 cm till maturity

•Drain out water completely 10 days before harvest.

Water Management for the crop

10405085Total

-10-356 weeks after

transplanting

---353 weeks after

transplanting

10305015Land prepration

ZincMOPDAPUreaTime of Application

Fertilizer(Kg)

Fertilizer Schedule

Insect Pests of Rice and their management

•Female moths have bright yellowish forewings• Distinct black spot at the centre of the forewings• Brownish yellow tuft of hair at the tip of abdomen• Hind wings are straw coloured

Rice Stem Borer

•Eggs are laid in masses on leaf tips/upper half• Eggs are covered with the light yellow coloured hairs • Newly hatched yellowish larvae move downward

- wander around for a couple of hrs.- hang down by silken threads- blown to nearby clumps- land on water, swim in search of plants

• New larvae feed on leaf and leaf sheath for a few days

1. Medium sized larvae bore into stem near the nodal region

2. Older larvae feed inside the stem near the base of the plant

3. Feeding cuts nutrient and water supply to growing end - hence the symptoms

4. Pupation occurs inside the stem near the soil surfaceor below the soil surface

5. Adults crawl out through exit holes cut by the larvaebefore pupation - ENTRY HOLES NOT VISIBLE

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

““DEAD HEARTS” IN YOUNG PLANTS - DRYINGDEAD HEARTS” IN YOUNG PLANTS - DRYINGOF THE CENTRAL SHOOTSOF THE CENTRAL SHOOTS

““WHITE EARS” IN OLDER PLANTS - DRYINGWHITE EARS” IN OLDER PLANTS - DRYINGOF THE PANICLEOF THE PANICLE

INJURY LEADS TO YIELD LOSSINJURY LEADS TO YIELD LOSS

Dead Heart

White ear

Control-Application of Kaardon 4G@8Kg/acre

Rice Leaf folder

Control-Kaardon 50SP @ 350-400 gm/Acre

•BPH is a serious pest of rice•Three generations/crop•Prefers older crop•Nymphs and adults are wedge shaped•Both nymphs and adults such sap from the basal portions of the plants.•Inject toxins during feeding process.•Premature yellowing of leaves, leading to drying and later death

Brown Plant hopper

BPH

Nymphs and adult suck sap from the tubes that carry food (not water). Honey dew forms. During feeding, BPH produce feeding tubes that clog up the vessels. Drying of plants occur in isolated circular patches causing hopper burn.Hopper

burn

Control- Apply buprolord@330ml/acre

Green Hopper

Control-Apply Lancer gold@500gm/Acre or Imidagold@75ml/acre

Important diseases of rice and theirmanagement

Rice Blast Disease occurs in all growth stages of rice crop - nursery to panicle and grain formation stage Blast is first noticed as minute brown specks on leaves Under low night temp. and high humidity, the spots enlarge and become spindle shaped (pointed at both ends). These have brown margins and grey centre Part or whole of the leaf will wither when these spots merge with one another. The crop gives a blasted appearance when severely infested in the seedling and tillering stages Leaf blast symptoms are seen in the nursery and during early vegetative stage (up to 30 to 35 DAT)

Blast symptoms in nursery Leaf blast

Leaf Blast Symptoms

Neck blastsymptoms

Nodal Blast

Rice Blast

Nodal infection results in rotting of the sheathwhich turns black and breaks apart upon drying

All parts above the infected node die Neck infection is the most serious phase of the disease Brown necrotic areas are seen on the neck Girdling of neck of the panicle causing entire panicle

to fall off Infection before milk stage results in unfilled/chaffy grains Later infection results in partial filling of grains; grain quality becomes bad Panicles fall over before grain maturation.

Rice Blast

Rice blast is spread from diseased to healthy plant

tissues by wind

Factors favouring blast occurrence -

-Moderate temperatures and abundant moisture

-High plant population density

-High nitrogen fertilization

-Irregular irrigation

Blast Disease Cycle

Control- Spray SAMAR 75WP@120gm/acre(Prophyllactic)

Sheath Blight of Rice

Problematic where irrigation facilities are abundant

Initial symptoms are seen near the water line

Spots are ovoid - greenish grey in colour

When mature, spots have an irregular outline

Centre of the spots is greyish white, margins are

brown

When several such spots are formed on leaf sheath,

death of whole leaf occurs

It unchecked, this will lead to death of whole plant

Similar symptoms will appear on leaf blade as well

Symptoms onleaf sheath

Ash colouredspots on leaf sheath

Symptoms of leafand sclerotia

Control- Spray Conquer @ 300-350 ml/acre

Sheath Blight of Rice

Seedling infection starts 15-25 days after sowing

Base of plant is attacked - seedlings die in patches

In main field, disease is seen during active tillering

Severe incidence during panicle emergence stage

Crop loss could be as high as 50%

High levels of Nitrogen will contribute to disease

Bacterial Leaf Blight

Stickyooze fromlesions

Control- Apply SAAF 400-500 gm/Acre along with streptocycline @ 6-12 gm/acre in BLB prone areas, reduce N application and apply N in 3 splits

Brown spot/Sesame leaf spot Bacterial leaf streak

False Smut

Coperoxecloride ( Blytox, copter, copership) @ 0.25%/acre

SAAF @400-500gm/acre

Rice pest calendar

Stem Borer/Gall Midge SBLF

5 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Echinocloa

Stem Borer/Gall Midge

Rice leaf blast

Days after sowing /

Transplanting Nursery Main Field

Weeds (Grasses, BLW, Sedges)

Leaf blast Sheath Blight

BPH

Panicle Blast

Safe Use of Pesticides

1. Do not transport pesticides along with food or animal feed2. Store pesticides under lock and key, away from reach of

children3. Carefully read the instructions given on labels, containers

and leaflets4. Do not mix pesticide solution with bare hands, use paddle

or stick for preparing spray solution5. Use funnel to fill spray tanks. This will avoid splashing

of spray solution on to body parts6. Always spray in the direction of wind. Spray in morning

or evening hours7. Use recommended safety clothing, or cover your mouth

with clean piece of cloth, wear full sleeves shirt and trousers while spraying

8. Clean blocked nozzles with a thin needle - do not blow into the nozzles with your mouth

When to Harvest

• Crops should be harvested at 20-25% Crops should be harvested at 20-25% moisture content or when 80-85% of moisture content or when 80-85% of the grains are straw colored and the the grains are straw colored and the grains in the lower part of the panicle grains in the lower part of the panicle are in the hard dough stage are in the hard dough stage

Safe Use of Pesticides

9. Do not eat, smoke or chew tobacco while spraying10. Destroy containers after use and bury away from

water sources11. Remove contaminated clothes, wash it, and wash

your body thoroughly with soap and water after spraying

12. Keep leaky containers in a separate corner. Coverspilled area with sand or sawdust, scrape it anddump the sand/sawdust in a pit away from sourceof water.

13. Dispose off expired material carefully by burning14. In case of accidental poisoning, rush immediately toIn case of accidental poisoning, rush immediately to

near by doctor/medical centre. Always carry thenear by doctor/medical centre. Always carry thepesticide container and/or leaflet with you whenpesticide container and/or leaflet with you whenyou go to the doctor/medical centreyou go to the doctor/medical centre

Stem borer- Apply Kaardon 4G@ 8 Kg/acre. In main field spray Kinadon @400-500ml/acre if attack is there.

BPH and WBPH-Spray Lancergold @ 500gm/acre.

If brown hopper attack is more spray Buprolord @ 330ml/acre

Rice Blast- Spray SAMAR 75WP @ 120 gm/Acre Delayed topdressing of N when infection is seen

Sheath Blight-Apply Conquer 50 WP @ 400ml/AcreFalse smut- Apply SAAF 400-500gm/Acre or Apply COC @ 250gm/acre

Bacterial leaf blight--- SAAF 400-500 gm/Acre along with Streptocycline @ 6-12 gm/acre in BLB prone areas, reduce N application and apply N in 3 splits