biology and management of chilli thrips and other key...
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Biology and Management of Chilli
Thrips and Other Key Pests
Oscar E. Liburd
Professor of Fruit & Veg Ent.
University of Florida
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Chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis distribution
Native to southeast Asia and India
X
Peanuts &
chilli peppers
in India
Tea in Japan
& Taiwan
Soybeans in
Indonesia
Strawberries
in Australia
Introduced to the western hemisphere on
imported plant products (cut-flowers)
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Current Situation in US (Chilli thrips )
Florida
• 1991...first recorded in Florida (Okeechobee County)
• 1994 … Highlands County
• 2004 & 2005 Chilli thrips Outbreaks (ornamental, roses)
• 2010 - Present in > 45 counties
Texas - LRGV
• 2008 - present on landscape roses in Harris and
• Montgomery counties
Puerto Rico
• 2006 detected in wholesale nurseries
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Chilli thrips (Adult & Larvae)
Adults are about 1.2 mm (0.05) inches long
Da
rk w
ing
s
Flower
thrips
Chilli
thrips
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Symptoms of Chilli thrips infestation
Severe leaf curling
in heavy infestation
Implicated in
transmission
of a few virus
diseases
Tomato Spotted Wilt
Virus (TSWV ), and
Yellow Spot Virus
in peanuts
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Symptoms of Chilli thrips infestation
Bronzing
Shoot Die-back
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High infestation also damages the fruit
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Key aspects of Chilli thrips
management program
• Weekly monitoring (scouting of blueberry planting)
• Implementation of insecticide program (if more
than 5% of the field has obvious hot-spots and Chilli
thrips injury)
• Synthetic pyrethriods can be used in a rotation
program but use should be restricted because they
reduce the population of natural predators
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Assail SpinTor Novaluron GF968 Knack Calypso Malathion
Av
erag
e i
ncrease i
n t
hrip
s
po
pu
latio
nComparison of various insecticides in
southern highbush blueberries
Insecticides
Assail Delegate Novaluron GF968 Knack Calypso Untreated
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Mean numbers of Chilli thrips larvae on Jalapeno
pepper plant treated with various insecticides
0
5
10
15
20
25
Acephate Lorsban Vydate Lannate Avaunt Thiodan Control
Applied four times on the foliage at 7 d intervals
Samples were collected 48h after each application
Evaluation was made by counting adults and larvae on randomly
selected 10 leaves/plot
Oxadiazinee
Organo-
phosphates
Organo
-chlorines
Carbamates
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Me
an
no
. la
rva
e
Days of observation
Admire
Platinum
Venom
Control
Mean numbers of Chilli larvae/plant treated with
neonicotinoid insecticides
(Actara)
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Beneficial insects that feed on
Chilli thrips
Hemipterans
Bigeyed bug \ Geocoris spp. Minute pirate bug, Orius spp.
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Beneficial insects that feed on
Chilli thrips
• Phytoseid mites (predatory)
– Amblyseius swirskii
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Summary and findings
Insecticide management program
• Spinosyns
Delegate 3.5
Entrust (organic) 3.0
• Neonicotinoids
Assail (Acetamiprid) 4.0
Imidacloprid (Admire) 3.5 – 4.0
• Organophosphates
Malathion 2.5 – 3.0
Imidan (Phosmet) 2.5 – 3.0
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SWD Survey: 2012 and 2013
Blueberry Seasons
*
*
*
*
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Me
an S
WD
pe
r Tr
ap O
ver
Seas
on
County (North to South)
2012
2013
2012 had more captures than 2013 in most counties
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Movement Study 2013 Blueberry
Seasons
• 11 blueberry farms
• 7 Florida counties – Polk in south-central to
Suwannee in the north
• 4 to 7 traps per site & traps were hung on the border and in the center of the field
• Traps serviced weekly March to May
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* *
*
*
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Me
an
SW
D
Week
Central Perimeter
Mean SWD Captured in Perimeter and Central
Traps in Blueberries 2013
SWD captures similar throughout season, greater in
perimeter traps at end
P ≤ 0.05
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0
20
40
60
80
100
3/2 3/16 3/30 4/13 4/27 5/11
To
tal
SW
D c
ou
nte
d
Bordering bushes Blueberry field
0
100
200
300
400
Blueberryfield
Borderingbushes
Major plant spp: Wild blackberry
Others: wild grapes, red tip leaves
(Photinia frazeria), black night shade
Determining how alternative hosts impact SWD
populations
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Developing a Rotational Spray Program for SWD
* Compounds with long PHIs were applied before start of the
harvesting period
Trt No. Spray 1 Spray 2 Spray 3 Spray 4
1 Delegate Malathion Mustang Mustang
2 Delegate Imidan Malathion Malathion
3 Danitol Delegate Malathion Malathion
4 Malathion Delegate Hero Hero
5 Delegate Cyazypyr Cyazypyr Delegate
*6 Entrust Entrust Pyganic Pyganic
7 Control Control Control Control
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Effect of Various pesticides on SWD Population
Entrust - Ent/Ent/Pyg/Pyg
Delegate 1 - Del/Cyaz/ Cyaz/Del
Malathion - Mal/ Del/ Hero/Hero
Delegate 2 - Del/ Imid/ Mal/Mal
Danitol - Dan/ Del/ Mal/Mal
Delegate 3 - Del / Mal / Must /Must
Control (untreated)
No SWD larva were
found in the incubated
berries
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Entrust Del 1 Malathion Del 2 Danitol Del 3 Control
To
tal
SW
D c
ou
nte
d
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Summary and findings
• SWD moved into the field from adjacent areas
containing host plants
– As season progressed and less berries were available
for harvesting a higher population of flies were
recorded within the blueberry planting
• Wild blackberries are a major host for SWD during
the off-season for blueberries
• Most of the insecticide combinations
including the organic treatments suppressed
SWD population
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Acknowledgements
• Alto Straughn
• Florida Blueberry Growers Association (FBGA)
• Southern Region EPA grant #: X8-96424405-0
• Florida Dept of Agric. State block grant
program
• Small Fruit and Vegetable Lab at UF