biology 2484a tutorial one introduction timelines species concepts phylogeny homology vs. analogy...
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Biology 2484aTutorial One
IntroductionTimelines
Species ConceptsPhylogeny
Homology vs. AnalogyEukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
Species Concepts
• Morphological • Biological
Eastern and Western Meadowlarks
Homology vs. Analogy
Ostrich Wing Hummingbird Wing
Homology vs. Analogy
Bird Wing Insect Wing
Homology vs. Analogy
Bat Wing BirdWing
Both?
A B C A C B C B A
3 taxa = 3 possible trees
2 taxa?12 taxa = nearly 14 billion
Aliens have landed!
The day has finally arrived – aliens have landed on planet Earth! And not just anywhere on earth; these aliens have chosen to touchdown on the UWO campus. The international community is buzzing and scientists at UWO are excited to have the first chance to make contact with these intergalactic visitors. At the moment, nothing is known about the origin of these aliens or how they are related to each other; so far they have not been very communicative (see vocalizations below). There are eight aliens and all are quite different looking. It is your job to try to figure out how these aliens are related to each other based on their appearance.
Group 1: Shape: square Colour: yellow# eyes: twoMarkings: blue dotsVocalizations: “eeeeee” Group 2: Shape: round Colour: purple# eyes: oneMarkings: blue brindleVocalizations: “grrrr”
Group 5:Shape: round Colour: purple# eyes: twoMarkings: noneVocalizations: “ooga ooga” Group 6:Shape: square Colour: yellow# eyes: threeMarkings: blue dotsVocalizations: “eeeee”
Group 7:Shape: square Colour: Red# eyes: fourMarkings: yellow patchesVocalizations: “eeeee” Group 8:Shape: round Colour: purple# eyes: oneMarkings: orange stripes Vocalizations: “grrrr”
Group 3:Shape: round Colour: purple # eyes: oneMarkings: pink frecklesVocalizations: “grrrrr” Group 4:Shape: square Colour: red# eyes: fourMarkings: orange stripesVocalizations: “eeeee”
Two e
yes
Four eyes,
Yellow,
Square
‘Eeeee’
One eye,
Purple,
Round,
‘Grrr
r’
Red
Orange stripes
Pink f
reck
les
Round,Purple,No Markings,‘ooga ooga’Yellow patches
Three eyes
Orange
strip
es
Blue
brind
le
Yellow patch
es164 7 3 825
BlueDots
Blue Dots
Orang
e stri
pes
Square
“eeeee”,
Purple,
Four eyes
Round
“grrr
r”
Purple,
One eye
Pink Freckles
Two eyesBlue dotsThree eyes
Yellow
Red
“ooga
ooga”
Two eyesRe
d,Ye
llow pa
tches
Blue dotsNo m
arkings
16 47 38 2 5
RoundOne eye“grrrr”
Blue br
indle
Red
Square
“eeeee”,
Yellow,
Four eyes
Round
“grrr
r”
Purple,
One eye
Blue dots
Two eyes
Pink f
reck
les
Yellow patchesThree eyes
“ooga
ooga”
Two eyes
Orang
e stri
pes
Blue
brind
le
No marki
ngs
1 6 4 7 3 8 2 5
OrangeStripes
5 kingdoms
Lecture Notes, pg. 38
Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
Quiz
1) Define homologous and analogous characters and give an example of each
2) Define: monophyly, paraphyly, polyphyly3) List the 5 kingdoms. Which are monophyletic,
polyphyletic, paraphyletic4) What are the difference between the
morphological and biological species concepts5) List 3 characteristics of each eukaryotes and
prokaryotes.